Thursday, 7 March 2013

AAA Business Meeting

The 111th AAA Business Meeting was called to order by President Leith Mullings on November 15, 2012, at 6:30 pm in the Hilton San Francisco Union Square Hotel, Continental Room 5. After it was determined that no quorum was present, the president adjourned the meeting and the committee as a whole reconvened. President-Elect/Vice President Monica Heller read a list of deceased AAA members since the 110th AAA Business Meeting and a moment of silence was observed.


President Mullings referenced her written report and provided a summary. She indicated that it was a challenging, active and productive year with significant progress made in many areas. She noted the meeting was the largest meeting ever with 6,650 registrants. She thanked the members of the Executive Board (EB), AAA staff and members. She remarked on our scholarly publishing program and the discussions concerning its future that will be occurring during the meeting. She noted that this year the first AAA digital-only journal, Open Anthropology, was established. This publication will be a collaborative effort with Sections and the goal is to have anthropology content open to the public. Currently there is a membership vote open about a proposed merger of the Society for Economic Anthropology (SEA) into AAA. If the merger is approved, SEA would become a Section and would be subject to rules that govern AAA Sections. Mullings also stated that the Principles of Professional Responsibility (formerly known as the Code of Ethics) was approved by the membership this fall. She noted that a task force was established to review the Annual Meeting, Executive Program Committee, and new innovations such as the Salon. She noted that it is time to formally consider the context in which we hold our annual meetings; ideas should be sent to Carolyn Rouse and Jason Watkins. She noted that our association was built on diversity and that we strive for an inclusive association. She has appointed a Task Force on Race and Racism to implement recommendations by the Commission on Race and Racism in Anthropology established by past AAA President Alan Goodman. She also commented that expanding the influence of anthropology is an important goal. The new “This is Anthropology” website initiated by Florida students after remarks made by the Florida governor helps with this goal. Our RACE exhibit continues in both large and small museums and over 200,000 people have seen this exhibit. She remarked that this exhibit has changed discourse in some areas and is being seen as an important element in the continued discussion of race. We are moving forward with the working group on migration, which is exploring ways to collaborate with the Smithsonian Institution. She closed her remarks by expressing her thanks for the many years of diligent service Bill Davis—who will retire in January—has provided the association as executive director. She noted the extensive process that was undertaken to find his replacement, and then announced that Ed Liebow will be the new AAA executive director. She noted his background, extraordinary vision of the association, and his vision of what anthropology can do.


Deb Nichols, chair of the Committee on the Future of Print and Electronic Publishing (CFPEP), provided a brief report in which she thanked her committee for their hard work. She outlined the committee’s work which included reviewing the publishing partnership with Wiley-Blackwell and recommending contract renewal for five years to provide financial stability for the publications program while the AAA develops a future planning process for its publishing program. They also worked closely with the Section Assembly (SA), surveyed section editors and membership, created SA working group in order to receive additional feedback from Sections, and solicited views of the AA editor. She stated that the Executive Board charged CFPEP to develop a proposal for a process of long-range planning for the publishing program. She noted that CFPEP analyzed the financial situation and explored various alternatives to address sustainability and accessibility. Over the long run, the current publishing program does not appear sustainable because of rising costs and reduced subscriptions. In the fall AAA contracted an outside consultant, Raym Crow, to review the AAA publishing program and consider possible alternatives to its future. He also analyzed results of the membership survey. CFPEP submitted the Crow report and membership survey results to the Anthropology Communications Committee (ACC) and EB who then released it to the SA, then to the membership via the members-only area of the AAA website. She noted that the report raised issues to be considered by the membership and in going forward we need to think of publishing in a different way. She stated that working with SA, we offered an opportunity for one publishing Section to shift its journal to an open access model. She concluded that she welcomed members emails and comments and as we engage in dialogue about the future of the publishing program.


Global Climate Change Task Force Chair Shirley Fiske reports on the task force's progress and activities. Photo courtesy American Anthropological Association

Global Climate Change Task Force Chair Shirley Fiske reports on the task force’s progress and activities. Photo courtesy American Anthropological Association



Shirley Fiske, chair of the Global Climate Change Task Force (GCCTF), provided a short report on the work of the task force. She noted the GCCTF was appointed for three years and described how they were formed through growing member concern on climate change. She stated that we need to amplify our voice with regard to climate change. She listed the 10 GCCTF members, a good mix of practicing/professional and industry anthropologists, as well as archaeologists and ethnographers. She stated the mission was to identify and communicate what we know about climate change to anthropologists and the media. She welcomed how open the association is in discussing and considering this area. Among the GCCTF’s accomplishments were open forums at many meetings: AAA in Montreal, American Ethnological Society, Washington Association of Professional Anthropologists, and the Society for Applied Anthropology. She noted during the discussions they heard from people who want to know about AnthroSource and wanted to contribute to the column in online AN. She stated that interviews for the AN column were conducted with individuals working with climate change. She noted the group was doing community building, and suggested those who would like to join the conversation can do so via the AAA website. She thanked those who have participated already. She said one of their goals is outreach to a broader public, to establish what we do know and what can still be said about climate change to the public. She noted that they have posted op-eds on why climate matters. She concluded that the GCCTF will be meeting at School of American Research (SAR) next year to attack issues and principles in climate change and draft their final report for the EB which she hopes will prove useful to the grater science community.


Jennifer Wies, chair of the Committee on Gender Equity in Anthropology (COGEA), outlined the committee’s charge, which is to monitor the status of gender equity in the discipline and the AAA. She noted that their role was to advise the EB and educate members and the public on matters of gender and gender equity. Two years ago, the committee was renamed from the Committee on the Status of Women in Anthropology. In light of the new subtle forms of discrimination, COGEA is in the process of determining how to better serve AAA by shifting their focus to examine all forms of gender equity and formally integrate the needs of men and transgender individuals, as well as women, into the committee’s efforts. Paired with this transition, they have increased their visibility at the annual meeting through invited session and partnership with Sections. She highlighted the roundtable discussions in San Francisco which will be reported back to the AAA and inform COGEA’s future activities. Finally she noted that COGEA showcases the efforts of AAA members to ameliorate gender inequities through the COGEA Award, formerly the Squeaky Wheel Award. The COGEA Award recognizes individuals who have demonstrated the courage to bring to light and investigate practices in anthropology that are potentially gender-discriminatory.


Carolyn Rouse, 2012 AAA Annual Meeting program chair, reported that our association coordinates activities of a large range of programs. She noted that Borders and Crossings was the theme and 628 sessions were submitted, with 14% denied. This was the highest registration ever, even surpassing Montreal. Students comprised of 30% attendees and 1312 were not from the United States. She noted that the opening panel this year helped increase attendance of Wednesday events. She highlighted the Wednesday evening session on race and the election and noted that new this year were the creation of Salons, which served as a way of bringing older and newer members together for a conversation. She concluded by indicating she looked forward to working with Jason Watkins on the Annual Meeting task force next year.


Ed Liebow, AAA treasurer, provided a report on behalf of the Finance Committee. He thanked outgoing members and recognized incoming members to include the new AAA Treasurer Ted Hamann. He noted the Finance Committee is responsible to for two things: (1) make sure the investment portfolio adheres to the investment statement, and (2) submit a yearly budget to the EB. He noted that the FY 2013 consolidated budget is $5.1 million in revenues. He stated that the EB sets the priority for the budget, preserves member dues at an affordable rate for the membership, promotes engagement in our publication future to include developing new initiatives, and provides products and services for members and non-members. He noted that AAA strives for transparency to include our accounting practices. He concluded by asking members to contact the finance office or committee with any questions.


Leith Mullings introduced the incoming EB members: Margaret Buckner (Secretary), A Lynn Bolles (Cultural Seat), Karen G Williams (Student Seat), Cheryl Mwaria (Undesignated Seat), Rayna Rapp (Undesignated Seat), Alex W Barker (Section Assembly Convenor), Karen Nakamura (Section Assembly EB member) and Edmund T Hamann (Treasurer). She also thanked outgoing members: Debra Martin (Secretary), Florence Babb (Cultural Seat), Jason Miller (Student Seat), Hugh Gusterson (Undesignated Seat), Jean (Jay) Schensul (Undesignated Seat), Vilma Santiago-Irizarry (Section Assembly Convenor), Gabriela Vargas-Cetina (Section Assembly EB member) and Ed Liebow (Treasurer).


As no new business was brought forward, the meeting was adjourned at 7:10 pm.






via Anthropology-News http://www.anthropology-news.org/index.php/2013/03/07/aaa-business-meeting/

Light shed on ancient origin of life

Researchers discovered important genetic clues about the history of microorganisms called archaea and the origins of life itself in the first ever study of its kind. Results of their study shed light on one of Earth's oldest life forms.



via ScienceDaily: Anthropology News http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130307110644.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ffossils_ruins%2Fanthropology+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Fossils+%26+Ruins+News+--+Anthropology%29

Wednesday, 6 March 2013

Siberian fossil revealed to be one of the oldest known domestic dogs

Analysis of DNA extracted from a fossil tooth recovered in southern Siberia confirms that the tooth belonged to one of the oldest known ancestors of the modern dog.



via ScienceDaily: Anthropology News http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130306221139.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ffossils_ruins%2Fanthropology+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Fossils+%26+Ruins+News+--+Anthropology%29

Tuesday, 5 March 2013

Alligator relatives slipped across ancient seaways

The uplift of the Isthmus of Panama 2.6 million years ago formed a land-bridge that has long thought to be the crucial step in the interchange of animals between the Americas. However, scientists now describe fossil crocodilians that shed a surprising new light on the history of interchange and animal distributions between the Americas.



via ScienceDaily: Anthropology News http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130304151756.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ffossils_ruins%2Fanthropology+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Fossils+%26+Ruins+News+--+Anthropology%29

Ancient DNA solves 320-year-old mystery: Origins of now extinct Falkland Islands wolf

Researchers have found the answer to one of natural history's most intriguing puzzles -- the origins of the now extinct Falkland Islands wolf and how it came to be the only land-based mammal on the isolated islands -- 460 kilometers from the nearest land, Argentina.



via ScienceDaily: Anthropology News http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130305130447.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ffossils_ruins%2Fanthropology+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Fossils+%26+Ruins+News+--+Anthropology%29

Human Y chromosome much older than previously thought

The discovery and UA analysis of an extremely rare African American Y chromosome push back the time of the most recent common ancestor for the Y chromosome lineage tree to 338,000 years ago. This time predates the age of the oldest known anatomically modern human fossils.



via ScienceDaily: Anthropology News http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130305145821.htm?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+sciencedaily%2Ffossils_ruins%2Fanthropology+%28ScienceDaily%3A+Fossils+%26+Ruins+News+--+Anthropology%29

Friday, 1 March 2013

Anthropologists at the All Scientists Meeting of the Long Term Ecological Research Network

"Participants attend a working group session on anthropological sciences, ecology and environment during the 2012 LTER All Scientists Meeting in Estes Park, Colorado. Photo courtesy LTER Network Office"

Participants attend a working group session on anthropological sciences, ecology and environment during the 2012 LTER All Scientists Meeting in Estes Park, Colorado. Photo courtesy LTER Network Office



In September 2012, we participated in the 2012 All Scientists Meeting (ASM) of the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network in Estes Park, Colorado to make the case for integrating more anthropologists into the study of ecosystems. During the ASM’s initial plenary, the presence of embedded anthropologists was announced to all, and we were invited to stand and identify ourselves for the audience. From then on we spent several days immersing ourselves in the activities of the LTER network and engaging with its researchers, a group previously unknown to many of us. We worked to overcome apprehensions (“Why are anthropologists studying us?”), identify areas where our expertise might be useful (“What can anthropologists contribute to ecological research?”), and left with some experiences and ideas that we would like to share with fellow anthropologists who may be interested in pursuing the challenges and opportunities provided by the LTER network.


The LTER Network


The National Science Foundation (NSF) created the LTER Network in 1980 to support long-term research of ecosystems with the understanding that many ecosystem processes can only be studied through long-term research. Sites were selected to represent major ecosystem types or natural biomes across the US (there are now also a few international LTER sites). It is one of the most highly funded NSF programs. The LTER Network is a major component of the LTER program as it allows for integrative cross-site, and network-wide research. The ASM is another critical component of the network as it brings researchers, post-docs, graduate and undergraduate students together every three years to share results, discuss progress, and develop new collaborative research projects. The ASM consists of an intensive six-day program with workshops, keynote speakers, poster presentations (with free beer) and field trips, which all offer plenty of opportunities to strengthen and develop new connections and opportunities within the network.


Anthropologists at the ASM


Anthropologists (eg, Ted Gragson, Laura Ogden, Charles Redman) have been involved in research at a number of the LTER sites and have written about the integration of social science in the LTER network (Redman et al, Integrating Social Science into the Long-Term Ecological Research [LTER] Network, Ecosystems, 2004), but the theme of this year’s ASM meeting—the Anthropocene—offered a unique opportunity to make the case for greater involvement of anthropologists in LTER projects. And so with support of the cultural anthropology program at NSF, Steve Lansing gave a keynote lecture about his research on complex adaptive systems in Bali, while Michael Agar and Michael Paolisso organized two workshops to identify intellectual and programmatic bridges between ecological and environmental anthropology and LTER projects to strengthen research into ecological and human dimension interactions at multiple spatiotemporal scales. The workshops showcased our research, which represented a wide range of theoretical and methodological approaches within ecological anthropology, but all underscored the relevance of anthropological approaches for study of complex social-ecological systems in the Anthropocene. In addition, we participated in workshops, visited the poster sessions, and made connections with LTER researchers. Most researchers at our session were already studying the human dimensions of ecosystems, which is indicative of some the challenges in integrating anthropology.


There is a growing recognition among ecologists that they need to grapple with the human impacts on ecosystems and that the old model of studying isolated and protected reserves to understand ecosystems is no longer valid. This is evidenced by the theme of this year’s ASM meeting and the increasing impact of climate change on ecosystems in the LTER sites. However, there are few ecological models that satisfactorily incorporate human complexity. Ecologists may study ecosystem processes at the micro-scale and then jump to the global macro-scale, eg, measuring the impact of global warming on these processes, thus skipping the local, regional, and national scales at which human activities more directly affect ecosystem processes in myriad ways. This offers opportunities for anthropologists who study complex social-ecological systems using a holistic approach and making linkages across these spatiotemporal scales. Moreover, anthropologists are no strangers to long-term research as many are involved in ethnographic research in one site over multiple decades. Thus, anthropologists can make significant conceptual contributions to LTER projects.


Opportunities


One attraction of research in LTER sites is that anthropologists living close to an LTER site could do research in their own backyard. There are currently 26 sites across the US so there are plenty of opportunities. In addition, it offers the possibility of funding sources other than the NSF Cultural Anthropology program. However, funding processes are complicated and opportunities may be more limited (than they should be). There are some funding restrictions within NSF that limit the integration of social and ecological research. There are no clear guidelines or processes for funding social science research within LTER projects. Senior anthropologists may have to find other sources of funding to support their research at LTER sites. However, we found that there may be many more opportunities for enterprising graduate students to join an LTER team. The advantage for graduate students is that LTER sites have extensive data and an established infrastructure, which relieves them of some of the challenges of finding a new field site and provides ample opportunity to collaborate with other graduate students, more effectively bridging interdisciplinary divides.


The research model of the LTER network—long-term projects, cross-site linkages, and consistent funding—also offers unique opportunities for anthropologists to rethink ways of doing research in unprecedented ways. Whereas long-term ethnographic research often depends on the commitment of individual researchers, research at LTER sites is institutionalized. We could ask, what comprehensive, long-term, high frequency data on social systems could be collected across multiple sites to advance our understanding of the dynamic processes in coupled human and natural systems? That is an exciting question to ponder.


Challenges


While there are social science activities at almost all LTER sites and the network has a long history of social science engagement, it is often on an ad hoc and inconsistent basis and contingent on funding availability. The greatest challenge in integrating anthropological research in LTER projects may be a general problem of interdisciplinary research. This is manifested in different ways, including the incongruence of conceptual models, theories, methods, scope, and units of analysis in ecology and anthropology. Anthropologists’ primary goal has been describing and explaining cross-cultural variation across all human societies and very long time periods, while LTER research is mainly conducted within the context of the US and over relatively short periods (even though it is long-term research). In addition, the iterative, recursive, abductive approaches of ethnographic research strategies, as described by Michael Agar, are not always understood by ecologists who use more standardized scientific protocols and can be seen as lacking value and validity. Of course, there are many ecologists and anthropologists that have successfully collaborated in interdisciplinary studies of complex social-ecological systems, for example the South Turkana Ecosystem Project, but the number of transdisciplinary studies in which research transcends the disciplines is less common.


Conclusion


Of course, being anthropologists, we could not help ourselves and studied the LTER participants at their ASM. If we want to make the case for integrating more anthropologists in the study of ecosystems, we should at least become familiar with what ecologists think of our research and us. The audience at our workshops consisted primarily of fellow anthropologists, ecology graduate students, and a few PIs of LTER sites, which indicates that among the higher organizational levels of the LTER network and the next generation of ecologists there is a growing interest in anthropological approaches to study anthromes in the Anthropocene. However, there still may be some resistance to the integration of social sciences in ecosystem research as well as stereotypes of anthropologists, and we overheard a senior ecologist describe anthropologists as being lousy scientists with physics envy and no quantitative skills who want a slice of the LTER cake. To be fair, Lansing’s keynote was well-received by the ecologists in the audience, who for the most part were excited to see how topics that interested them were interwoven with topics more familiar to anthropologists, including religion, social relations, economic development, and governance.


In the end, one keynote and two workshops are not sufficient to make the case for anthropology, but it is a necessary first step and we think that an ongoing engagement with LTER research is critical if we want to contribute to a discussion about Earth stewardship.


This essay was a collaboration of Mark Moritz (Ohio State U), Michael Paolisso (UMaryland), Courtney Carothers (U Alaska-Fairbanks), Sean Downey (U Maryland), Kathleen Galvin (Colorado State U), Drew Gerkey (National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center), J Stephen Lansing (U Arizona), Terrence McCabe (U Colorado), Amber Wutich (Arizona State U) and Rebecca Zarger (U South Florida).






via Anthropology-News http://www.anthropology-news.org/index.php/2013/03/01/anthropologists-at-the-all-scientists-meeting-of-the-long-term-ecological-research-network/