Proximity to fracking sites affects public support of them, study finds

(Oregon State University) People who live closer to fracking sites are more familiar with and more supportive of hydraulic fracturing, while those who live in proximity to areas of higher oil and gas well density are more familiar with but not necessarily more supportive of the practice.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Fv0DdH

PCORI Board approves $74 million to support research of opioid use disorders, obesity

(Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute) The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) Board of Governors today approved $74 million to fund nine new comparative clinical effectiveness research (CER) studies.

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PCORI Board approves $10 million to support research on medication-assisted treatment

(Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute) The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) Board of Governors today approved $10 million to fund two new comparative clinical effectiveness research (CER) studies on medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for pregnant women with opioid use disorders.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2rajqpz

UTA graduate student/veteran studies molecular genetic basis of 'loser' effect

(University of Texas at Arlington) UTA biology doctoral student Marquerite Herzog has been awarded a prestigious NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to study the molecular genetic basis of changes in behavior seen when an individual loses an aggressive conflict. These traits, which often include a period of time of isolation or submissiveness, are often referred to as the 'loser' effect. Herzog's interest in this issue grew from her experiences as a military veteran who worked extensively with military personnel with combat-induced Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD.

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Going beyond 'human error'

(Human Factors and Ergonomics Society) A human factors study using Bayes' theorem and content analysis reveals underlying teamwork, organizational, and technological influences on severe US Naval aviation mishaps.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JDPhGI

An AI for deciphering what animals do all day

(Columbia University) Researchers show how an algorithm for filtering spam can learn to pick out, from hours of video footage, the full behavioral repertoire of tiny, pond-dwelling Hydra. By comparing Hydra's behaviors to the firing of its neurons, the researchers hope to eventually understand how its nervous system, and that of more complex animals, works.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2I1zpRo

Combating global multi-billion pound economic and industrial espionage

(University of Portsmouth) Economic and industrial espionage are significant issues causing billions of pounds of economic damage to organisations around the world.To help combat this rarely considered global problem, the University of Portsmouth's Centre for Counter Fraud Studies will host the Economic and Industrial Espionage Conference (EIEC 2018) in partnership with Esoteric Ltd, a leading counter espionage and electronic sweeping company.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HHoi0E

Daily photography improves wellbeing

(Lancaster University) Taking a photo each day and posting it online has complex benefits say researchers who say it supports improved wellbeing. A study recorded what photos people took, what text they added and how they interacted with others on the photo-a-day site for two months.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HB5KyJ

UMD researcher discovers mechanisms and epigenetic markers with implications for diseases ranging from cancers to infertility

(University of Maryland) A UMD researcher uncovered new mechanisms that dictate the development of germline stem cells. Mechanisms were found to be associated with genes responsible for cancers and viral infections among other major diseases. Markers used to identify male germ cells were discovered, exploring how environmental factors or epigenetics affect these cells and providing significant insight into treatments for male infertility. Findings set the stage for chickens as a more prominent model organism for stem cell research.

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Taking medicine on time seems simple, is anything but

(University of Houston) UH pharmaceutical health outcomes and policy researcher Susan Abughosh is customizing motivational interviewing conversations to help patients with diabetes and high blood pressure stick to their medication schedules.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r9FyQQ

Lonely and non-empathetic people more likely to make unethical shopping decisions

(Binghamton University) Lonely consumers are capable of behaving morally, but aren't motivated to, according to new research from Binghamton University, State University of New York.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HCGaK3

Better care of sickest patients can save hospitals money, says largest study of its kind

(The Mount Sinai Hospital / Mount Sinai School of Medicine) Palliative care -- which better aligns medical treatments with patients' goals and wishes, aggressively treats distressing symptoms, and improves care coordination, --is associated with shorter hospital stays and lower costs, and shows its greatest effect among the sickest patients, according to a study published Monday, April 30, in JAMA Internal Medicine. The meta-analysis was conducted in collaboration between scientists at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Trinity College Dublin.

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New programs address United States' large number of unsubmitted and untested rape kits

(RTI International) With the launch of a new Sexual Assault Kit Initiative (SAKI) Online Toolkit and training site, the SAKI Virtual Academy, these free, easily downloadable tools supply much needed resources to the nation's law enforcement agencies and prosecutors to help investigators, prosecutors and victim advocates close out cases and bring answers to survivors.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2jftRoa

Workplace flexibility bias not just a mother's problem

(University of Michigan) Work-life balance is not an issue exclusive to women, particularly mothers -- even men and those without children can suffer when they feel that their workplace culture is not family friendly, according to a new study.

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ISIL activity is not funded by oil, study suggests

(Elsevier) Oil was never as important to ISIL terrorists as many thought, despite media reports of an oil-related income of as much as US $28 million a week, according to a new study in Energy Research & Social Science. This knowledge supports efforts to weaken terrorist organizations like ISIL, by first understanding how they are funded and how financially stable they are.

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World-first synthesis of globalization effects on people and planet

(University of Sydney) Australian researchers have compiled a world-first conclusive synthesis of the environmental and social impacts of globalization -- using sophisticated computation to provide a bird's eye view of the displacement of wealth-driven consumption into offshore production -- highlighting effects such as child labor. The research reveals the extent developed countries are outsourcing burdensome production to poor countries and points towards a need for consumption-based accounting -- where a country's environmental score includes its imports -- leaving no room for loopholes.

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Fertility rates no different for women with epilepsy

(Brigham and Women's Hospital) 'Myth-busting' study among women with no history of infertility finds that those with epilepsy are just as likely to become pregnant as those without.

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Medicare kidney failure patients enter hospice too late to reap full benefits

(Brigham and Women's Hospital) Late referrals to hospice drive up end-of-life costs and limit benefits for patients on dialysis.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HCgOvD

Keep calm and carry on: VTCRI scientists make first serotonin measurements in humans

(Virginia Tech) Scientists at the Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute have begun to unravel how serotonin acts, based on data collected in a first-of-its-kind experiment that utilized electrochemical probes implanted into the brain of awake human beings.

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Independent experts to evaluate flagship NHS tech scheme

(University of Edinburgh) The impact of a flagship NHS program aimed at improving the use of digital technology in hospitals is to be assessed. Researchers led by the University of Edinburgh have been commissioned to examine the Global Digital Examplars program, which aims to help the NHS take full advantage of the benefits associated with health information technology.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HIXfhj

Voters make choices based on looks -- but this doesn't help them pick the best politicians

(University of Kent) New research, thought to be the the first of its kind, measures the impact of appearance and personality on voting and political performance.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HIFSgq

Research supports calls for food industry to reduce food product portion sizes

(University of Liverpool) New research, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, highlights the benefits of the food industry changing food product portion sizes in order to make healthier eating more normal.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HCUxOt

Economics journals hosted on ARPHA to have their content indexed at RePEc

(Pensoft Publishers) Following the recent integration between ARPHA and the collaborative project RePEc (Research Papers in Economics), economics journal hosted on ARPHA will have their articles indexed in RePEc's decentralized bibliographic database. Working with over 50,000 registered authors, having indexed about 2.3 million research publications, and serving 75,000 email subscriptions, RePEc is set to further increase the discoverability and creditability of economics papers published in any ARPHA-hosted journal.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KrWwmu

UNICEF 'muted' on tobacco control for children

(University of California - San Francisco) The tobacco industry manipulated the renowned children's rights agency UNICEF for more than a dozen years, from 2003 until at least 2016, during which time UNICEF's focus on children's rights to a tobacco-free life was reduced, according to previously secret documents uncovered by UC San Francisco.

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Researchers say chronic dizziness can result from, or trigger, psychiatric disorders

(American Osteopathic Association) Dizziness can fall into a number of broad categories, including vertigo (spinning sensation), presyncope (near-fainting), and disequilibrium (imbalance). When a patient's description of symptoms appears consistent with one of these categories, physicians are better equipped to make an accurate diagnosis. Patients who have a difficult time describing their symptoms, or seem to experience several different symptoms, are likely experiencing non-specific dizziness -- which should be a cue for physicians to ask about the patient's mental health.

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Ancient quids reveal clues about genetic ancestry of early Great Basin inhabitants

(Desert Research Institute) New research from a Nevada-led team showcases modern research methods that have revealed clues about the genetic ancestry of Native Americans who inhabited the Desert Southwest almost 1,000 years ago.

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Brown widow male spiders prefer sex with older females likely to eat them afterwards

(American Associates, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev) 'Males don't seem to be behaving in their own self-interest and suffer a twofold cost -- fewer offspring and no opportunity to mate with another female,' the researchers say. 'One possible explanation is that older females are manipulating the males by using strong signals to attract them, a hypothesis that remains to be tested.'

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2raVZ05

Why Armenia's transition to democracy failed

(Lehigh University) In a paper published online in Nationalities Papers earlier this month in, Arman Grigoryan, assistant professor of international relations at Lehigh University, argues that the main driver of Armenia's failed transition after independence was its war with Azerbaijan and the continued state of belligerence after the ceasefire was signed in 1994.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2raf82p

Ancient quids reveal clues about genetic ancestry of early Great Basin inhabitants

(Desert Research Institute) New research from a Nevada-led team showcases modern research methods that have revealed clues about the genetic ancestry of Native Americans who inhabited the Desert Southwest almost 1,000 years ago.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2w3oGRC

Vapers and non-smokers have the same flourishing gut flora

(Newcastle University) The first study of its kind has found that people who vape have the same mix of gut bacteria as non-smokers, whilst smokers have significant changes to their microbiome.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2I5273F

Following five healthy lifestyle habits may increase life expectancy by decade or more

(Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health) Maintaining five healthy habits -- eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, keeping a healthy body weight, not drinking too much alcohol, and not smoking -- during adulthood may add more than a decade to life expectancy, according to a new study led by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2jjqX1V

Higher aerobic fitness levels are associated with better word production skills in healthy older adults

(University of Birmingham) Researchers found that older adults' aerobic fitness levels are directly related to the incidence of age-related language failures such as 'tip-of-the-tongue' states.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2w0x0S4

Seniors more likely to visit emergency department after home care visit from nurse

(Canadian Medical Association Journal) Patients who received home care visits from nurses were more likely to visit the emergency department during the evening on the same day, particularly for non-urgent issues, according to new research in CMAJ.

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Researchers find that lipid accumulation in the brain may be an early sign of Parkinson's disease

(McLean Hospital) A collaborative team of researchers at McLean Hospital and Oxford University has found that elevated levels of certain types of lipids (fat molecules) in the brain may be an early sign of Parkinson's disease (PD). This finding could have significant implications for identifying patients who may be at risk for developing PD and for the early treatment of the disease.

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Get off the golf cart if you have knee osteoarthritis

(Northwestern University) It may seem intuitive that golfers with knee osteoarthritis should stay off their feet and ride in a golf cart. But new research from the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab and Northwestern Medicine has found, for the first time, that walking the course provides significantly higher health benefits and is not associated with increased pain, cartilage breakdown or inflammation.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Fo5kGh

A potential new weapon in the addiction battle: FDA-approved diabetes and obesity drugs

(University of Pennsylvania) Research from the University of Pennsylvania reveals that FDA-approved drugs to treat diabetes and obesity may reduce cocaine relapse and help people who are addicted break the habit. Such medications work by targeting receptors for glucagon-like peptide 1, a hormone in the brain.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HBauk2

Size matters when fighting cancer, groundbreaking UTHealth study finds

(University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston) Doctors could be a step closer to finding the most effective way to treat cancer with a double whammy of a virus combined with boosting the natural immune system, according to a pioneering study by researchers at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) and The Ohio State University.

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Gene transfer alters the neurodegenerative course of GM2 gangliosidosis

(Bentham Science Publishers) This review outlines current knowledge pertaining the pathobiology as well as potential innovative treatments for the GM2 gangliosidoses.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HB8aJZ

Parents may help prep kids for healthier, less violent relationships

(Penn State) Warm, nurturing parents may pass along strategies for building and maintaining positive relationships to their kids, setting them up for healthier, less-violent romantic relationships as young adults, according to researchers. In a study, adolescents who reported a positive family climate and their parents using more effective parenting strategies tended to go on to have better relationship problem-solving skills and less-violent romantic relationships as young adults.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HUaYFb

Public/private partnership fuels development of new research park in North Chicago

(Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science) Expansion of a state enterprise zone to include North Chicago, IL-based Rosalind Franklin University will stimulate local and regional economic growth by attracting investment in the university's new Innovation and Research Park.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2vO8ymE

First ever risk tool predicts readmission rates for patients after undergoing TAVR

(Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions) A new study looked at the effectiveness of novel risk tool to predict 30-day readmission rates in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) presented today at SCAI 2018 Scientific Sessions.

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Insilico to present the latest advances in Artificial Intelligence for aging research

(InSilico Medicine, Inc.) Insilico Medicine presents at the Pioneers 18 Conference, May 25, 2018, Vienna, Austria. The Pioneers 18 is a prominent annual conference on deep tech and frontier tech gathering over 2000 bold, pioneering entrepreneurs to look into the future and beyond. The event's organizers aim to establish and facilitate the direct, meaningful business relationships between startups, corporate executives, and investors to foster growth and innovation. The conference will transpire on May 25, 2018.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Fn4yco

86 million workdays lost to migraine in the UK every year

(Lancaster University) Migraine costs the UK economy £8.8 billion per year in lost productivity, a new report by the Work Foundation reveals.The equivalent of 86 million workdays are lost to migraine each year and close to £1 billion is spent on healthcare costs associated with the condition. It affects more than 23 per cent of adults with almost 200,000 attacks happening in the UK every day -- making migraine the most common neurological reason for accident and emergency attendance.

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The digital transformation of news media and the rise of online disinformation

(European Commission Joint Research Centre) A new report by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre contains an overview of the relevant economic research literature on the digital transformation of news markets and related impact on the quality of news.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2FmBVvY

Researchers map the potential spread of yellow fever virus to cities around the world

(St. Michael's Hospital) The deadly yellow fever virus has the potential to spread into cities around the world where it previously hasn't been seen, according to a new study led by St. Michael's Hospital.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2vNDDa4

Black-oriented films can be highly profitable when marketed to all audiences, study finds

(University of Pennsylvania) Hollywood tends to market Black-oriented media, and media oriented around other people of color, to only audiences of color. However, a study of 1,900 adolescents shows that Black and White teens both consider Black-oriented content as being "for them," but White adolescents are less likely to know Black-oriented content exists. Researchers say this means Black-oriented media can be highly profitable if marketed to all audiences.

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Boston Medical Center leads study on peer recovery coaches for opioid use disorder

(Boston Medical Center) Boston Medical Center (BMC)'s Grayken Center for Addiction is leading a study on the impact of peer recovery coaches on patients with substance use disorder.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JvUmkf

Platelet-rich plasma for cosmetic facial procedures -- promising results, but evidence has limitations

(Wolters Kluwer Health) Most studies evaluating platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection for facial rejuvenation and other cosmetic procedures have reported positive results, according to a critical review in the May issue of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery®, the official medical journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS).

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Artificial intelligence helps soldiers learn many times faster in combat

(U.S. Army Research Laboratory) New technology allows US soldiers to learn 13 times faster than conventional methods and Army researchers said this may help save lives.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HZ0jJH

How success breeds success in the sciences

(University of California - Berkeley Haas School of Business) A small number of scientists stand at the top of their fields, commanding the lion's share of research funding, awards, citations, and prestigious academic appointments. New research shows it's not necessarily because they are better and smarter than their peers, but rather, the result of the 'Matthew effect.'

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Kkivvu

Seniors stick to fitness routines when they work out together

(University of British Columbia) Older adults are more likely to stick with a group exercise program if they can do it with people their own age, a new University of British Columbia study has found. Working out with peers of the same gender doesn't seem to make a difference, which suggests that age-targeting but not gender-targeting should be considered when developing exercise programming.

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Cybersecurity teams that don't interact much perform best

(U.S. Army Research Laboratory) Army scientists recently found that the best, high-performing cybersecurity teams have relatively few interactions with their team-members and team captain.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r3oigU

NUS-led study: Beltway to divert diesel trucks in Sao Paulo improved public health

(National University of Singapore) A study by researchers from the National University of Singapore and the University of Sao Paulo revealed that a beltway constructed to divert heavy-duty diesel vehicles traffic in the Brazilian city of Sao Paulo has reduced public health damage associated with exposure to diesel. The positive health outcomes of the intervention could guide the formulation of similar transport polices in other cities, where humans and diesel vehicles reside and transit in close proximity.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Ki6rLb

Mouse study identifies new target for human accelerated aging syndrome

(University of Cambridge) Scientists from the University of Cambridge have identified a potential therapeutic target in the devastating genetic disease Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), which is characterized by premature aging.

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Research helps frail older people in hospitals

(University of Leicester) Researchers led by the University of Leicester have devised a 'risk score' which will be used to help frail older people have better support in hospital.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2vVzqS6

Three-minute version of brain stimulation therapy effective for hard-to-treat depression

(Centre for Addiction and Mental Health) In the largest study of its kind, a three-minute version of a brain stimulation treatment was shown to be just as effective as the standard 37-minute version for hard-to-treat depression. These results were published in a new Canadian study in The Lancet co-led by the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and the University Health Network's Krembil Research Institute, in collaboration with the University of British Columbia.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r10WIQ

Taxing sweet snacks may bring greater health benefits than taxing sugar-sweetened drinks

(London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine) A 10 percent tax on sweet snacks could lead to a similar reduction in consumer demand as taxing sugar-sweetened drinks.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HxxmRn

New study addresses the role of health in climate lawsuits

(George Washington University) Researchers at the George Washington University (GW) are at the forefront of analyzing how climate lawsuits shape the nation's response to climate change. A new analysis investigates the role of health concerns in climate litigation since 1990 and finds that although health is cited in a minority of cases, it may have critical potential for protecting communities from the effects of climate change and coal fired power plants.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Hu2WDR

First 3-D printed wind-blade mold, energy-saving nanoparticles earn Sandia national awards

(DOE/Sandia National Laboratories) Sandia National Laboratories won the Federal Laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer's national 2018 Technology Focus Award for the first wind turbine blades made from a 3-D printed mold. The labs also won FLC's Excellence in Technology Transfer Award for advanced nanomaterial window films.

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Get a grip: What your hand strength says about your marriage prospects and mortality

(Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health) Researchers found men with a stronger grip were more likely to be married than men with weaker grips. Grip strength was not a factor in the marital status of women. Grip strength is an established measure of health and has previously been linked to one's ability to cope independently and predicts the risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2I3cr9Y

Whale shark logs longest-recorded trans-Pacific migration

(Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute) A whale shark named Anne swam all the way across the Pacific from Coiba National Park in Panama to the Marianas Trench, setting a record as the longest-recorded migration.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Hx7THL

Searching for a nursing home and don't know where to turn?

(University of Southern California) A USC study concludes that consumers on the hunt for a nursing home should consider the ratings from Yelp and government sites such as Nursing Home Compare to get a more complete picture of a home's quality and care.

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Studying ancestral remains needs to be done respectfully, ethically

(American Association for the Advancement of Science) Scientists should consult indigenous populations when studying ancestral remains, Jessica Bardill et al. emphasize in this Policy Forum.

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Respect Indigenous ancestors: Scholars urge community engagement before research

(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) A new article in the journal Science provides guidance for those intending to study ancient human remains in the Americas. The paper, written by Indigenous scholars and scientists and those who collaborate with Indigenous communities on studies of ancient DNA, offers a clear directive to others contemplating such research: First, do no harm.

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Molecular culprit behind virus-mediated chronic inflammation and cancers identified

(PLOS) Within cells infected by Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), the human protein CADM1 interacts with viral proteins to promote chronic inflammation, which plays a major role in the development of cancers caused by KSHV. Richard Hunte of the University of Miami, Fla., and colleagues present these new findings in PLOS Pathogens.

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Respect Indigenous ancestors: Scholars urge community engagement before research

(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) A new article in the journal Science provides guidance for those intending to study ancient human remains in the Americas. The paper, written by Indigenous scholars and scientists and those who collaborate with Indigenous communities on studies of ancient DNA, offers a clear directive to others contemplating such research: First, do no harm.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2vLd6du

Infection of the heart valves and healthcare costs on rise due to impact of IV drug

(Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions) A new study finds the number of patients hospitalized with endocarditis has increased dramatically over the last decade in a pattern that mirrors the increase in mixed drug use.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HvZzwd

1st-of-its-kind study associates obesity with poorer stroke outcomes in non-white patients

(Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center) Research led by LSU Health New Orleans faculty has found that obesity contributed to poorer outcomes in non-white patients who had hemorrhagic strokes. It is one of the few studies examining outcomes of patients with obesity following intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and is the first such study conducted within the stroke belt of the US with a racially diverse population.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HUT19w

Scripps Research team receives $7.5 million for studies on cocaine, oxycodone addiction

(Scripps Research Institute) Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute are launching a pair of studies on genetic factors behind oxycodone and cocaine addiction and treatment.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r40DfD

Study to explore whether cannabis compound eases severe symptoms of autism

(University of California - San Diego) Researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine are preparing a first-of-its-kind, multidisciplinary investigation to determine if and how cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive compound found in the cannabis plant, provides therapeutic benefit to children with severe symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HtDmPc

Community efforts to prevent teen problems have lasting benefits

(University of Washington) A study by the University of Washington finds that a community-based approach to substance-abuse prevention, which can include after-school activities, can affect young people into adulthood.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r1AEGp

I'm (not) afraid to say

(National Research University Higher School of Economics) The #imnotafraidtosay flashmob on Facebook and other online actions against sexual violence have helped victims to speak out about the problem and get psychological support from the web. At the same time, full frankness is hardly possible in such projects. It is directly related to anonymity. According to HSE researchers, the most painful experiences are still muted in groups where the discussants use their real names.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r1fuYc

Study finds horses remember facial expressions of people they've seen before

(University of Sussex) Horses can read and then remember people's emotional expressions, enabling them to use this information to identify people who could pose a potential threat.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JsRULl

Key differences in young, older people's immune cells attributed to environment

(Stanford Medicine) Discoveries by Stanford University School of Medicine investigators may help explain why older people's immune systems often don't work so well, why different people's immune systems age at different rates, and why the environment matters more than heredity in generating these age-related differences.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Kcwxzj

100-million-year-old liverwort mimicry in insects

(Chinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters) Researchers from China and USA reported a new lacewing species (green lacewing larvae) based on two larvae from the Cretaceous Burmese amber (approximately 100 million years old). These larvae are anatomically modified to mimic coeval liverworts. This discovery represents the first record of liverwort mimicry by fossil insects and brings to light an evolutionary novelty, both in terms of morphological specialization as well as plant-insect interaction.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2KcoJxv

Mid-life chronic inflammation may be linked to frailty later

(Johns Hopkins Medicine) A study of nearly 6,000 Americans followed for 24 years from middle to late adulthood found that having chronic inflammation in middle age may be linked to an increased risk of frailty and overall poorer health decades later.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r1Ds6x

Loss of brain synchrony may explain working memory limits, says study

(City University London) A new study from City, University of London and MIT may have revealed the reasons behind our memory limitations. The researchers found that trying to retain too much information in our working memory leads to a communication breakdown between parts of the brain responsible for maintaining it.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2FiO59k

Curiosity is key to early childhood success in math and reading

(Springer) Curious children are better able to grasp basic math and reading. This is according to a group of researchers from the University of Michigan, led by Prachi Shah. The study in the journal Pediatric Research, which is published by Springer Nature, is the first to investigate a possible link between curiosity and early academic success among young children.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2FjXmOb

Unprecedented study identifies 44 genetic risk factors for major depression

(King's College London) A global research project has mapped out the genetic basis of major depression, identifying 44 genetic variants which are risk factors for depression, 30 of which are newly discovered. The study, by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and co-led in the UK by King's College London, is the largest study to-date of genetic risk factors for major depression.

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Researchers identify 44 genomic variants associated with depression

(University of North Carolina Health Care) A new meta-analysis of more than 135,000 people with major depression and more than 344,000 controls has identified 44 genomic variants, or loci, that have a statistically significant association with depression.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Hx8ld5

Hearing aids linked to fewer hospital and ER visits by older adults

(Michigan Medicine - University of Michigan) They cost thousands of dollars, and insurance almost never covers them. But hearing aids may hold the potential to cut older adults' visits to the hospital or emergency room, according to a new study. That could mean lower costs in the long run, though more research is needed to see if this is true. The study arrives at a time when discussion about adding Medicare coverage for hearing aids is rising.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r44Qj8

Evidence for persistent forest reliance by indigenous peoples in historical Sri Lanka

(Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History) Working closely with Wanniyalaeto (Vedda) elders in Sri Lanka during the repatriation of skeletal remains, a team of researchers have demonstrated that while some indigenous hunter-gatherers in Sri Lanka made use of agricultural resources and trade connections with farmers and colonial power structures, others continued to subsist primarily on tropical forest resources as late as the 19th century.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2HVUvRa

Identifying the use of tinder fungi among neolithic communities at la Draga

(Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona) Inhabitants of the Neolithic community at la Draga already used fungi to light or transport fires 7,300 years ago. The discovery represents one of the oldest examples of technological use of fungi documented until now and is the result of several archaeological interventions at the site, which have also yielded an exceptional collection of these organisms, unique in all of prehistoric Europe.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2r5pmAi

Evidence for persistent forest reliance by indigenous peoples in historical Sri Lanka

(Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History) Working closely with Wanniyalaeto (Vedda) elders in Sri Lanka during the repatriation of skeletal remains, a team of researchers have demonstrated that while some indigenous hunter-gatherers in Sri Lanka made use of agricultural resources and trade connections with farmers and colonial power structures, others continued to subsist primarily on tropical forest resources as late as the 19th century.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HVUvRa

Belt and road advanced professional development program in power and energy

(The Hong Kong Polytechnic University ) The Silk Road International School of Engineering (SRISE) jointly set up by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Xi'an Jiaotong University has rolled out its first university-industry collaboration project. Partnering with State Grid Corporation of China and The Hongkong Electric Company, Limited, SRISE has launched the Belt and Road Advanced Professional Development Programme in Power and Energy.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Hx6eSH

When politics affects demography: How erdogan has brought 10% more children to turkey

(Bocconi University) Politics, and in particular the Islamist AKP party, played a decisive role in the reversal of demographic decline in Turkey since the early 2000s, through the provision of local welfare policies directed to families. The effects of the Turkish policies are surprisingly similar to Swedish welfare, but in a completely different setting. The study rules out alternative explanations based on an increase in religiosity.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r2zMQP

QUT student wins prestigious Vogel Literary Award

(Queensland University of Technology) A QUT doctoral student has won the prestigious $20,000 Australian/Vogel Literary Award for a novel exploring themes of intergenerational violence in the families of serial killers. The Yellow House by 26-year-old Emily O'Grady, published by Allen & Unwin, is out today following the announcement last night. The annual prize is awarded to the best unpublished manuscript from a writer under 35 years old.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r1t6DH

Innovative collaborative research network to be led by Wake Forest, with AFAR

(American Federation for Aging Research) The National Institute on Aging (NIA) at NIH has awarded funds, expected to total $2.5 million over three years, to the Wake Forest School of Medicine, with a subcontract to the American Federation for Aging Research (AFAR), to organize and coordinate a new NIA Research Centers Collaborative Network (RCCN). The new research network will bring together scientists from six NIA center programs focused on addressing a wide range of issues affecting older adults.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HVqgJV

Dementia an extra challenge in natural disasters

(Queensland University of Technology) Exposure to a natural disaster may exacerbate dementia symptoms and increase the risk of functional decline, hospitalization and mortality. People with dementia living in the community are most vulnerable but a new guide from QUT and the Australian Red Cross aims to help them be prepared for the worst.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2vNjl0t

Study suggests older surgeons produce lower mortality rates in emergency procedures

(University of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences) Researchers found surgeries performed by older surgeons -- age 50 and up -- have lower patient mortality rates than those performed by younger surgeons, and that patient mortality rates do not differ significantly based on whether the surgeon is male or female.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r2z8Uk

There is more than just saving money when it comes to fake goods

(University of British Columbia Okanagan campus) While some may think a 'knock-off' product is morally wrong, new research from UBC's Okanagan campus demonstrates that for some cultures 'unethical' consumption is a virtue. Faculty of Management assistant professor Eric Li, along with researchers from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the Hong Kong Design Institute, interviewed young Chinese consumers about their purchased counterfeit products, examining how they rationalize their buying decisions.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Junad0

Noninvasive spinal stimulation method enables paralyzed people to regain use of hands

(University of California - Los Angeles) A UCLA-led team of scientists reports that six people with severe spinal cord injuries -- three of them completely paralyzed -- have regained use of their hands and fingers for the first time in years after undergoing a nonsurgical, noninvasive spinal stimulation procedure the researchers developed.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r0HOe6

UCLA research may explain some causes of infertility and miscarriage

(University of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences) A new study in the journal Nature Cell Biology has uncovered information about a key stage that human embryonic cells must pass through just before an embryo implants. The research, led by UCLA biologist Amander Clark, could help explain certain causes of infertility and spontaneous miscarriage.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HwRRh9

Common class of drugs linked to dementia even when taken 20 years before diagnosis

(Regenstrief Institute) The largest and most detailed study of the long-term impact of anticholinergic drugs, a class of drugs commonly prescribed in the United States and United Kingdom as antidepressants and incontinence medications, has found that their use is associated with increased risk of dementia, even when taken 20 years before diagnosis of cognitive impairment.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Hq4BKh

New testing provides better information for parents of children with form of epilepsy

(University of Washington Health Sciences/UW Medicine) New ways of sequencing the human genome mean geneticists and genetic counselors have much more to say to parents who wonder if future children might carry the disease,

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HubJWg

Risks to babies of mothers with HIV from three antiretroviral regimens appear to be low

(Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health) The risk for preterm birth and early infant death is similar for three antiretroviral drug regimens taken by pregnant women with HIV according to a new study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Fgka1m

Napping can help tired teens' performance in school

(University of Delaware) A University of Delaware researcher led a team that found a positive relationship between midday-napping and nighttime sleep. They believe it might be key to boosting neurocognitive function in early adolescents. The team examined adolescents in Jintan, China, measuring midday napping, nighttime sleep duration and sleep quality, and performance on multiple neurocognitive tasks. Habitual nappers (who napped more often) tended to have a better nighttime sleep.

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UTA researcher participates in Nature paper on early human survival

(University of Texas at Arlington) UTA researcher Naomi Cleghorn has participated in a Nature paper that describes how humans thrived in South Africa through the Toba volcanic eruption about 74,000 years ago, which created a decades-long volcanic winter.

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UTA researcher participates in Nature paper on early human survival

(University of Texas at Arlington) UTA researcher Naomi Cleghorn has participated in a Nature paper that describes how humans thrived in South Africa through the Toba volcanic eruption about 74,000 years ago, which created a decades-long volcanic winter.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r3FWR4

Study: Drug-filled, 3-D printed dentures could fight off infections

(University at Buffalo) University at Buffalo researchers have developed 3-D printed dentures filled with antifungal medication to better treat oral fungal infections.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JrsXjH

When do problems with memory and decision-making affect older adults' ability to drive?

(American Geriatrics Society) Recently, a team of researchers designed a study to learn more about cognitive health and older drivers' crash risks. The study, published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, focused on links between levels of cognitive function and crash risk among older drivers without dementia over a 14-year study period. They also assessed the link between changes in cognitive function over time and later risks of crashes.

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Inducing labor at 39 weeks reduces risks of C-section and other complications

(University of South Florida (USF Health)) Little has been known about what happens to a fetus between 39 and 41 weeks. Through extensive study, researchers found the chances of C-section greatly increase if mothers deliver at 41 weeks, rather than inducing labor at 39 weeks.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Humwf5

When the weather is good, we are happier on social networks

(Universidad Carlos III de Madrid) When the weather is nice, posts on social networks are more cheerful, according to an international scientific study in which the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) took part. The study also shows that Facebook and Twitter are full of negative sentiments when it is very cold or very hot or it is raining a lot.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2I1CG0E

In China, traits related to traditional rice or wheat farming affect modern behavior

(American Association for the Advancement of Science) After observing the behaviors of customers in cafes in several modern Chinese cities, researchers report that people from rice-growing regions -- many of whom aren't involved in farming at all -- showed interdependent behaviors, like sitting in groups or squeezing themselves through narrowly placed chairs, whereas people from wheat-growing regions (again, many of whom didn't farm) more often displayed individualistic behaviors, sitting alone or actively moving chairs that blocked their way.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Fh7xTJ

Study examines denigration when people call a place a 's---hole'

(Wiley) By tracing the use of the word and hashtag 's---hole' on Twitter, researchers have examined who is engaged in the stigmatizing discourse of denigration, the types of place that are stigmatized, and the responses to stigmatized places.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Huj9on

Long-sought structure of telomerase paves way for new drugs for aging, cancer

(University of California - Berkeley) Telomerase, because of its role in cancer and aging, has long been a target of drug companies who want to block it to stop the uncontrolled cell growth characteristic of cancer, or boost it to create a fountain of youth. The structure of the enzyme complex has been a mystery, however, until now. UC Berkeley scientists have finally obtained a detailed picture of the architecture of the RNA-protein complex, a breakthrough for drug design.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HrDVVG

New UA research study aims to predict and prevent deadly disease in premature infants

(University of Arizona Health Sciences) The University of Arizona study aims to develop the first predictive test to identify and prevent necrotizing enterocolitis, a disease that kills thousands of premature babies each year.

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Stress hormones spike as the temperature rises

(American Physiological Society) A new study in medical students finds that summer, not winter, is the season when people are most likely to have higher levels of circulating stress hormones. These non-intuitive findings contradict traditional concepts of the taxing physical toll of winter and the relaxed ease of summer. Researchers will present their findings today at the American Physiological Society (APS) annual meeting at Experimental Biology 2018 in San Diego.

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The equine herald of a new age

(University of California - Santa Barbara) As they had for more than a decade, Stuart Tyson Smith and his colleagues were excavating a tomb in what was Upper Nubia in their years-long UC Santa Barbara-Purdue University mission to understand the history of an ancient village on the fringes of Egyptian dominance.

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Millennial men value altruism and self-care above traditional male qualities

(University of British Columbia) Contrary to popular stereotypes, young men today are likely to be selfless, socially engaged and health-conscious, according to a new study from the University of British Columbia and Intensions Consulting, a Vancouver-based market research firm.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HLdXQt

Back in black for singletons trying to find love

(University of Lincoln) Black beats red as the color of choice when it comes to finding new love, according to new research based on the hit TV series 'First Dates,' which shows that single people wear more of the darker hue when meeting a potential partner for the first time.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HOwF9y

Rabies trick could help treat Parkinson's Disease

(American Chemical Society) The rabies virus wreaks havoc on the brain, triggering psychosis and death. To get where it needs to go, the virus must first trick the nervous system and cross the blood brain barrier -- a process that makes it of interest in drug design. Now, scientists report in ACS Nano a way to exploit the rabies virus machinery to deliver a Parkinson's disease medication directly to the brain.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HXtav9

E. coli -- are we measuring the wrong thing?

(Swansea University) Work to improve sepsis detection, supported by the Bevan Commission Academy, suggests that hospitals may be measuring the wrong metrics for success.A sepsis awareness and management program has demonstrated overall success in terms of improved sepsis detection, but has led to an increase in the number of E. coli blood stream infection cases presented.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2FgnFov

Baruch Fischhoff named 2018 Andrew Carnegie Fellow

(Carnegie Mellon University) Carnegie Mellon University's Baruch Fischhoff has won a 2018 Carnegie Corporation of New York Andrew Carnegie Fellowship. Fischhoff is one of 31 scholars and writers who will receive $200,000 to devote significant time to research, write and publish in the humanities and social sciences.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HsbATh

Indications of psychosis appear in cortical folding

(University of Basel) Imaging techniques can be used to detect the development of psychosis in the brains of high-risk patients at an early stage, as reported by researchers from the University of Basel and Western University in the journal JAMA Psychiatry.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2qZ2qm1

MSU scientists found the seeds of domestic plants in the burial sites of ancient nomads

(Lomonosov Moscow State University) An international team of scientists including a professor of the Faculty of Soil Science, MSU studied burial sites dated back to the Bronze Age at the border between Kalmykia and Stavropol Territory and found traces of domestic barley on the walls of vessels. Local residents did not have agriculture at that time, so the barley was likely received from the peoples of leaving at the foothill of Caucasus in exchange for other goods.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2Fh3gQ6

JFK was not shot from the grassy knoll, suggests new research

(Elsevier) The long-held conspiracy theory that John F. Kennedy was shot by a second gunman on the grassy knoll is wrong, according to a new analysis of video footage of the shooting, published in the journal Heliyon. The results support the official autopsy findings: JFK suffered a gunshot wound caused by the same type of rifle as that owned by Lee Harvey Oswald, fired from the vicinity of the Texas School Book Depository building located behind the motorcade.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JmQ4vK

Retirement transition increases sitting during free time

(University of Turku) According to Finnish longitudinal cohort study, the amount of sitting during free time increases after transitioning to retirement. In general, sedentary behavior is known to be associated with several health issues.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KewRO6

Maternal binge drinking linked to mood problems and alcohol abuse in offspring

(Frontiers) A new study is the first to show that binge drinking by expectant mothers can impair the mental health of their offspring. Italian researchers report that rat mothers who drank in a binge-like manner during pregnancy and lactation were more prone to depressive behaviors -- and so were their offspring. Moreover, alcohol-triggered heritable changes in the mother made their offspring more vulnerable to mood disturbances and alcohol abuse as adolescents.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JmPZYY

Who (really) wants gaydar to be accurate anyway?

(University of Surrey) Heterosexual men want their sexuality to be known when meeting someone for the first time more than any other sexual orientation group, a new study in the Journal of the International Society for the Study of Individual Differences, reports.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2vIzxQB

What happens to stolen guns?

(Springer) Only about 1 percent of all gun transactions in the US are thefts, and there is no evidence that theft is an important source of guns to those who use them to commit violent crimes. In an analysis of nationwide and state-specific data in Springer's Journal of Urban Health, Philip Cook of Duke University in the US emphasizes that what happens to stolen guns has not been studied systematically.

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No future for egoists -- that's what their brain says!

(Université de Genève) Some people are worried about the consequences of climate change, while others consider them too remote to have an impact on their well-being. UNIGE Researchers examined how these differences are reflected in our brains. With the help of neuro-imaging, the scientists found that people deemed 'egotistical' do not use the area of the brain that enables us to look into and imagine the distant future. In 'altruistic' individuals, the same area is alive with activity.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HYfz6W

Children of youngest and oldest mothers at increased risk of developmental vulnerabilities

(University of New South Wales) Children born to teenage mothers have the highest risk of developmental vulnerabilities at age 5, largely due to social and economic disadvantage, a UNSW Sydney-led study of almost 100,000 school children has found. The risk declines steadily with every additional year of a mother's age up to 30 years, then increases slightly after 35 years and older -- to a level similar to the risk for children born to mothers in their early 20s.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Ff4FGY

Students' social relationships in the last year of secondary education

(University of Seville) Establishing friendships in the university context helps students to gain independence and to manage their lives in their new environment with more self-confidence. For this reason, those who were more rooted in the village or town that they came from were more likely to experience difficulties adapting to university life. Although they keep some of the original support figures in their lives, it is important to build new relationships.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Hug3AT

Geologists assist in solving the mystery of a gold treasure

(University of the Basque Country ) The UPV/EHU's Geochronology and Isotopic Geochemistry Service has an internationally state-of-the-art laboratory that conducts isotopic analyses of lead for archaeological studies using minimally destructive techniques. Thanks to the data obtained at this laboratory, researchers at the University of Huelva and the Archaeological Museum of Seville have managed to come up with the source of the gold in the Carambolo Treasure: a mineral deposit located just 2 km from El Carambolo.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2I3xQjv

How does urban-induced warming in Beijing interact with air temperature in summer?

(Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) Beijing has undergone several important urbanization development stages since late 1978. Linked with urbanization, the so-called 'urban heat island effect' is a key problem caused by urban land expansion.

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One in every six deaths in young adults is opioid-related: Study

(St. Michael's Hospital) One out of every six deaths among young adults in Ontario is related to opioids, suggests a study led by researchers at St. Michael's Hospital and the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2FdhS2V

Looking past peer influence: Genetic contributions to increases in teen substance use?

(Florida Atlantic University) Parents spend a lot of time worrying about the influence of peers on teen substance use. A new study examines if there is a genetic component that drives teens' desire for risk taking and novelty. A key finding revealed genetic influences that are unique to the growth in substance use. With each passing year, genetic differences between individuals become more and more important in explaining why substance use increases in some adolescents but not in others.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2FfkMVb

Exposure to domestic violence costs US government $55 billion each year

(Case Western Reserve University) The federal government spends an estimated $55 billion annually on dealing with the effects of childhood exposure to domestic violence, according to new research by social scientists at Case Western Reserve University.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KcqwTe

As tellurium demands rise, so do contamination concerns

(American Chemical Society) As technology advances, demands for tellurium, a rare element, are on the rise. Some forms of tellurium are toxic, so as the element finds applications in solar panels, rubber production, electronics and more, researchers are becoming concerned about possible environmental contamination. Now, one group reports in ACS' Environmental Science & Technology that by studying lake sediments they can construct a history of tellurium as it was deposited in the environment.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2qXTMVH

Nanowires could make lithium ion batteries safer

(American Chemical Society) From cell phones and laptops to electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries are the power source that fuels everyday life. But in recent years, they have also drawn attention for catching fire. In an effort to develop a safer battery, scientists report in the ACS journal Nano Letters that the addition of nanowires can not only enhance the battery's fire-resistant capabilities, but also its other properties.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HQiWPC

Purdue archaeologists on ancient horse find in Nile River Valley

(Purdue University) An ancient horse burial at Tombos along the Nile River Valley shows that a member of the horse family thousands of years ago was more important to the culture than previously thought, which provides a window into human-animal relationships more than 3,000 years ago.

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Purdue archaeologists on ancient horse find in Nile River Valley

(Purdue University) An ancient horse burial at Tombos along the Nile River Valley shows that a member of the horse family thousands of years ago was more important to the culture than previously thought, which provides a window into human-animal relationships more than 3,000 years ago.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HpVppp

Hospital staff experience 'sea change' in addressing substance use disorder

(Oregon Health & Science University) Despite high need, most hospitals lack systems to engage people with substance use disorder, initiate life-saving treatment or connect people to care after hospitalization. This causes tremendous distress among health care providers and patients alike. A new study to be published April 25 in the Journal of Hospital Medicine describes a 'sea change' in attitudes after implementation of a hospital-based addiction medicine intervention project.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2qWpTVU

Exercise could make the heart younger

(Harvard University) After a heart attack, patients must create new heart muscle cells to heal. Harvard study shows that mice make more new heart muscle cells when they exercise compared to when they do not. This was true for both healthy mice and those that had experienced a heart attack. Findings demonstrate that one reason exercise is beneficial to health is that it increases the heart's capacity to regenerate.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2FfM0ea

Feelings of ethical superiority can lead to workplace ostracism, social undermining: Study

(Baylor University) A new Baylor study published in the Journal of Business Ethics suggests that feelings of ethical superiority can cause a chain reaction that is detrimental to you, your coworkers and your organization.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JoqFSp

More than 1 in 20 US children and teens have anxiety or depression

(Wolters Kluwer Health) About 2.6 million American children and adolescents had diagnosed anxiety and/or depression in 2011-12, reports an analysis of nationwide data in the Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, the official journal of the Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. The journal is published by Wolters Kluwer.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HMte3b

Commonly prescribed heartburn drug linked to pneumonia in older adults

(American Geriatrics Society) Researchers at the University of Exeter have found a statistical link between pneumonia in older people and a group of medicines commonly used to neutralize stomach acid in people with heartburn or stomach ulcers. Although proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are still a valuable group of medicines, research is indicating that PPIs are not as completely safe for older people as previously thought.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JlA3WO

Millennials aren't getting the message about sun safety and the dangers of tanning

(Oregon State University) Many millennials lack knowledge about the importance of sunscreen and continue to tan outdoors in part because of low self-esteem and high rates of narcissism that fuel addictive tanning behavior, a new study from Oregon State University-Cascades has found.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KcCWKE

Study identifies overdose risk factors in youth with substance use disorders

(Massachusetts General Hospital) A team of Massachusetts General Hospital investigators has identified factors that may increase the risk of drug overdose in adolescents and young adults.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KbBMzh

Research explains link between exercise and appetite loss

(Albert Einstein College of Medicine) Ever wonder why intense exercise temporarily curbs your appetite? In research described in today's issue of PLOS Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine researchers reveal that the answer is all in your head -- more specifically, your arcuate nucleus.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HnQK7o

Girls with type 2 diabetes have a high rate of irregular periods

(The Endocrine Society) Girls diagnosed with type 2 diabetes have a high frequency of menstrual irregularities, according to a new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r0REfg

Study shows newspaper op-eds change minds

(Yale University) Researchers have found that op-ed pieces have large and long-lasting effects on people's views among both the general public and policy experts. The study, published in the Quarterly Journal of Political Science, also found that Democrats and Republicans altered their views in the direction of the op-ed piece in roughly equal measure.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HUBvzK

Healthcare costs for adults with autism more than double those for general population

(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News) Researchers compared total annual healthcare costs for adults on the autism spectrum to costs for adults with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and adults in the general population and found them to be 20 percent and 70 percent higher, respectively.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HVLhlp

Cognitive behavioral therapy can improve emotion regulation in children with autism

(York University) New research from York University's Faculty of Health shows cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help children with autism manage not only anxiety but other emotional challenges, such as sadness and anger. study shows CBT can lead to significant improvements in children's emotional regulation. It also shows -- for the first time -- that CBT can improve more than just anxiety. This is the first transdiagnostic CBT trial for children with autism, employing a randomized controlled trial.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HqSt82

Surgery recovery program slashes opioid use, benefits patients, cuts costs, study finds

(University of Virginia Health System) A special recovery program for thoracic surgery patients developed at the University of Virginia Health System is getting patients home sooner while decreasing both healthcare costs and opioid use, a review of the first year of the program shows.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r1HkDN

High immune function tied to stunted growth

(University of Oregon) Elevated immune function during childhood results in as much as 49 percent growth reduction in Ecuador's indigenous Shuar population, researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HNYkYg

Evolving cooperation

(Harvard University) A new study shows that in repeated interactions winning strategies are either partners or rivals, but only partners allow for cooperation.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HKCfdf

New studies show dark chocolate consumption reduces stress and inflammation

(Loma Linda University Adventist Health Sciences Center) Findings from two Loma Linda University Health studies being presented today at the Experimental Biology 2018 annual meeting in San Diego show dark chocolate consumption reduces stress and inflammation, while improving memory, immunity and mood.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HWgKDU

Changes in breast tissue increase cancer risk for older women

(Cell Press) Researchers in Norway, Switzerland, and the United States have identified age-related differences in breast tissue that contribute to older women's increased risk of developing breast cancer. The findings, published April 24 in the journal Cell Reports, may help scientists better understand how breast cells change during the aging process, enabling doctors to catch the signs of cancer earlier.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HttAsl

Preconception zinc deficiency could spell bad news for fertility

(American Physiological Society) The availability of micronutrients in the ovarian environment and their influence on the development, viability and quality of egg cells is the focus of a growing area of research. A new study shows that zinc deficiency can negatively affect the early stages of egg development, reducing the ability of the egg cells to divide and be fertilized. This may affect fertility months in the future. Researchers will present their results at the American Physiological Society annual meeting at Experimental Biology 2018 in San Diego.

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Münster researchers identify factors promoting physical activity in childhood

(University of Münster) Researchers at Münster University (Germany) show in a study published in the 'Scientific Reports' journal that the more accurately children assess their motor competences, the more positive is the effect on their physical activity.

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User control and transparency are key to trusting personalized mobile apps

(Penn State) As concerns about privacy increase for people using mobile apps, users' trust and engagement may hinge on perceptions about how the app uses their data and whether it seeks user input before delivering personalized services, according to researchers. However, their reactions may also depend on how familiar a user is with technology, they added.

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2.7 billion tweets confirm: Echo chambers on Twitter are very real

(Aalto University) A recent study of more than 2.7 billion tweets between 2009 and 2016 confirms that Twitter users are exposed mainly to political opinions that agree with their own. It is the largest study to characterize echo chambers by both the content in them and the networks they comprise. The findings indicate a strong correlation between biases in the content people both produce and consume. In other words, echo chambers are very real on Twitter.

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Gender inequality is 'drowning out' the voices of women scientists

(University of Cambridge) A University of Cambridge researcher is calling for the voices of women to be given a fairer platform at a leading scientific conference.

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Effect of a home-based exercise program with wearable activity monitor, telephone coaching on walking endurance for peripheral artery disease

(JAMA Network) A home-based exercise program that consisted of a wearable activity monitor and telephone coaching to promote walking by patients with peripheral artery disease didn't improve walking endurance.

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Comments on social networks also reinforce socialization during adolescence

(University of Córdoba) Without overlooking the risks of using social networks in adolescence, a study analyzes little known information about cybergossiping among high school students/

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Stricter gun control could stop violent men killing their partners and themselves

(Springer) Men who use guns to kill their partner are also likely to commit suicide. Those planning to commit suicide are not deterred by severe penalties, and therefore the most successful way of preventing such homicides is to restrict gun access to batterers. So says Sierra Smucker of Duke University Sanford School of Public Policy in the US. She is the lead author of a study in Springer's Journal of Urban Health.

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Power of negative example

(National Research University Higher School of Economics) While peers are significant, family remains highly important for adolescents as well, according to HSE researchers. However, many young people do not see their parents as role models.

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Thousands of mobile apps for children might be violating their privacy

(IMDEA Networks Institute) Thousands of the most popular apps and games available, mostly free of charge, in the Google Play Store, make potentially illegal tracking of children's use habits, according to a large-scale international study co-authored by Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez, a researcher at the IMDEA Networks Institute in Madrid and ICSI, the International Computer Science Institute at the University of California, Berkeley (USA).

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Commonly prescribed heartburn drug linked to pneumonia in older adults

(University of Exeter) Researchers at the University of Exeter have found a statistical link between pneumonia in older people and a group of medicines commonly used to neutralise stomach acid in people with heartburn or stomach ulcers.

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Escalation of competition leads to conflict in competitive networks of F1 drivers

(The Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)) A new study has revealed that people with similar social status in similar age groups are more likely to clash with each other. This rivalry could likely lead to taking more risks in fair weather conditions. A research team of KAIST, the US Treasury, INSEAD, and the European School of Management and Technology examined the link between status similarity and conflict as well as the conditions under which this link holds by using panel data on Formula 1 races from 1970 through 2014.

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Climate change not the key driver of human conflict and displacement in East Africa

(University College London) Over the last 50 years climate change has not been the key driver of the human displacement or conflict in East Africa, rather it is politics and poverty, according to new research by UCL.

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Age-related decline in mid-back and low back muscle mass and quality is not associated with kyphosis

(Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research) Researchers from Hebrew SeniorLife's Institute for Aging Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, That National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Boston University have found that poor back muscle quality is not associated with worsening kyphosis (forward curvature or 'hunch' of the upper spine) in older adults. The study was published today in the Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences.

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Doctors prescribe opioids at high rates to those at increased overdose risk

(University of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences) The number of first-time prescriptions for opioid drugs has not risen since about 2010. However, patients taking a class of drug known to increase the risk for overdoses were likelier to receive a first-time opioid prescription -- a combination that could be linked to the current surge in opioid-related deaths.

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Fifth Annual Science Day at NIH

(NIH/National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities) More than 500 students--many of them African American or Hispanic -- will tour NIH and participate in presentations from a diverse group of scientists and program officers about biomedical research career options.

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Where you live is more influential than where you worship in shaping racial attitudes

(Baylor University) Whites in multiracial congregations have more diverse friendship networks and are more comfortable with minorities -- but that is more because of the impact of neighbors and friends of other races than due to congregations' influence, a Baylor University study has found.

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Children are as fit as endurance athletes

(Frontiers) Researchers discover how young children seem to run around all day without getting tired: their muscles resist fatigue and recover in the same way as elite endurance athletes. The study, which compared energy output and post-exercise recovery rates of young boys, untrained adults and endurance athletes, can be used to develop athletic potential in children and improve our knowledge of how disease risk, such as diabetes, increases as our bodies change from childhood to adulthood.

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Sense of control and meaning helps protect women from anxiety

(University of Cambridge) People who feel in control of their lives and who find purpose and meaning in life are less likely to have anxiety disorders even when going through the toughest times, according to a study led by the University of Cambridge.

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Six in 7 women at high risk of breast cancer shun tamoxifen as a preventative measure

(Cancer Research UK) Six in seven women with a family history of breast cancer opt out of taking tamoxifen as a preventative measure, according to a study funded by Cancer Research UK and published in Breast Cancer Research and Treatment today.

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Depressed, inactive and out of work -- study reveals lives of lonely young adults

(King's College London) New research from King's College London shows that lonely young adults are more likely to experience mental health problems and more likely to be out of work than their peers. The study, published today in Psychological Medicine, gives a detailed snapshot of the lives of lonely 18-year-olds and shows how loneliness goes hand-in-hand with a wide range of problems in health and wellbeing.

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Upswings in older-age cognitive ability may not be universal

(Boston University School of Medicine) A study of a majority-black cohort, led by a Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH) researcher, finds no clear upward trend in cognitive abilities among older adults.

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Market failure, fake news and the First Amendment

(Duke University) The rise of social media and fake news challenge long-held assumptions about the First Amendment and are undermining the functioning of the 'the marketplace of ideas,' a Duke professor argues in a new article. Much of our thinking about the First Amendment assumes that the answer to false speech is more speech, or counter-speech, and that the truth will triumph in the marketplace of ideas, he says. That may be changing.

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Landmark paper finds light at end of the tunnel for world's wildlife and wild places

(Wildlife Conservation Society) A new WCS paper published in the journal BioScience finds that the enormous trends toward population stabilization, poverty alleviation, and urbanization are rewriting the future of biodiversity conservation in the 21st century, offering new hope for the world's wildlife and wild places.

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New mobile app addresses depression in pregnant and postpartum women

(Worcester Polytechnic Institute) Lifeline4Moms, an app developed by a researcher at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, gives obstetric providers an important new tool for assessing perinatal depression in women and guiding them to treatment. Perinatal depression affects one in seven women and is the most common medical complication of pregnancy. The app is a how-to decision aid, not a diagnostic tool, for obstetricians and other maternal healthcare providers, who generally are not trained to diagnose and treat psychiatric illness.

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Study: Girls more likely than boys to struggle with social, behavioral, academic needs

(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) The more failing grades students have during eighth grade, the more likely they are to experience social-emotional learning problems, academic difficulties and behavioral problems during their freshman year in high school, University of Illinois social work professor Kevin Tan found in a new study.And despite the gender stereotype that boys are more likely to be the problem children in school, the researchers found that girls constitute the majority of youths who struggled the most academically, socially and behaviorally.

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Did last ice age affect breastfeeding in Native Americans?

(University of California - Berkeley) Biologists have been puzzled by the evolutionary adaptation behind a common tooth trait of northern Asians and Native Americans: shovel-shaped incisors. A UC Berkeley analysis of archeological specimens shows that nearly 100 percent of early Native Americans had shoveled incisors, and genetic evidence pinpoints the selection to the Beringian standstill 20,000 years ago. Leslea Hlusko proposes that a trait linked to shoveling, mammary duct growth, was selected to provide vitamin D and fat to infants.

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Meditation and aerobic exercise helps women recover after sexual assault

(Rutgers University) Women who are sexually assaulted and suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can learn to decrease negative thoughts and enhance self-worth by a combination of meditation and aerobic exercise. A combination of mental and physical training with meditation and aerobic exercise done for one-hour twice a week over a six-week period significantly reduced post-traumatic and ruminative thoughts in women with a history of sexual violence.

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Middle East energy subsidy reform updates 'patronage-based autocratic governance'

(Rice University) A series of converging trends provided political cover for the reforms of long-standing energy subsidies launched by oil-exporting states in the Middle East and North Africa, according to a new paper by an expert in the Center for Energy Studies at Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy. These subsidies are thought to be an important source of legitimacy for autocratic regimes.

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Telling job seekers how many other people have applied could boost diversity

(Tufts University) Telling job applicants how many people applied for a job on LinkedIn - regardless of whether the number of applicants was high or low - increased the number of applications, a finding that could help companies that are seeking more diverse applicant pools, according to new research from Tufts University economist Laura Gee.

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Cigarillo packaging can influence product perception, study finds

(UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center) UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center researchers surveyed 2,664 young adults who were current users, never users, or past users of little cigars and cigarillos, finding cigarillo packs with colors and containing a flavor descriptor were rated more positively for taste and smell, and health warnings didn't fully mitigate the draw of the packaging.

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Researchers identify brain mechanism linking PTSD and opioid addiction

(University of Western Ontario) Researchers at Western University have shown that the recall of traumatic memories enhances the rewarding effects of morphine, shedding light on the neurobiological link between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and opioid addiction.

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A neurobiological link between PTSD and addiction

(Society for Neuroscience) Recalling traumatic memories enhances the rewarding effects of morphine in male rats, finds new research published in JNeurosci. These findings may help to explain the co-occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and addiction.

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Watch your step: How vision leads locomotion

(University of Texas at Austin) Using new technologies to track how vision guides foot placement, researchers at the University of Texas at Austin come one step closer in determining what is going on in the brain while we walk, paving the way for better treatment for mobility impairments -- strokes, aging and Parkinson's -- and technology development -- prosthetics and robots.

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New study shows prenatal cannabis use associated with low birth weights

(University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus) With marijuana use during pregnancy on the rise, a new study led by the Colorado School of Public Health shows that prenatal cannabis use was associated with a 50 percent increased likelihood of low birth weight, setting the stage for serious future health problems including infection and time spent in neonatal intensive care units.

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Study highlights need for strength training in older women to ward off effects of aging

(University at Buffalo) Study looked at 46 women across two different age ranges, 60-74 and 75-90, to learn how physical activity affects frailty differently in the two groups.

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David Kaplan wins 2018 Gemant Award from the American Institute of Physics

(American Institute of Physics) The American Institute of Physics announced today that particle physicist and movie producer David Kaplan has won the 2018 Andrew Gemant Award, an annual prize recognizing contributions to the cultural, artistic and humanistic dimension of physics.

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Special Eurobarometer: How fair do Europeans think life in the EU is?

(European Commission Joint Research Centre) A new poll shows most Europeans think life is generally fair, but have concerns over justice, political decisions and income inequality.

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BU: Guns used in cross-border crimes originate from states with more lax laws

(Boston University School of Medicine) Opponents of gun control have frequently pointed to high rates of gun violence in cities such as Chicago to argue that strong state gun control laws are not effective.But guns used in states with stricter gun laws typically flow from states with weaker laws, according to a new study from Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH) researchers.

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Caregivers can help assess whether older adults are dealing with delirium

(American Geriatrics Society) In a new study, published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, researchers identified six tools that caregivers could use to detect delirium in the older adults they provide care for.

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NIH funds research consortium to address firearm deaths among US children and teens

(Michigan State University) More than 20 researchers at 12 universities and health systems across the nation are working to address firearm deaths among US children and teens with a recent $5 million grant.

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Pediatric obesity, depression connected in the brain, Stanford study finds

(Stanford Medicine) Early-life obesity and depression may be driven by shared abnormalities in brain regions that process rewards, according to researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine.

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What the oldest peace treaty in the world teaches us

(Cluster of Excellence "Religion and Politics") Today's peace symbols go back to antiquity -- According to archaeologists, peace images were widespread, especially during wars, despite glorification of war -- Oldest peace treaty attests to long negotiations instead of triumphant victory -- Bronze-colored statue of Eirene shown for the first time -- International Peace Conference of the Cluster of Excellence "Religion and Politics" in May presents new research - Exhibition "Peace. From Antiquity to the Present Day" at five locations in Münster

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What the oldest peace treaty in the world teaches us

(Cluster of Excellence "Religion and Politics") Today's peace symbols go back to antiquity -- According to archaeologists, peace images were widespread, especially during wars, despite glorification of war -- Oldest peace treaty attests to long negotiations instead of triumphant victory -- Bronze-colored statue of Eirene shown for the first time -- International Peace Conference of the Cluster of Excellence "Religion and Politics" in May presents new research - Exhibition "Peace. From Antiquity to the Present Day" at five locations in Münster

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2vAB4IE

Russian Journal of Economics finds a new publishing home on ARPHA platform

(Pensoft Publishers) Russian Journal of Economics (RuJE) is the latest renowned journal to join the ranks of the open access titles published on ARPHA. Having taken advantage of the platform's white-label publishing solution, the journal accommodates a long list of high-tech innovations and novelties which benefit the authors, readers and editors alike. Themed 'The Austrian School of Economics: Its Reception in European Countries,' the first issue in collaboration with ARPHA is live on RuJE's new website.

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Saving a penalty: How science helps predict the score

(Springer) Ever since the first penalty kicks were introduced to soccer in 1891, experts, coaches and supporters have puzzled over the question of why some goalkeepers are better at stopping penalties than others. A new review of the available literature now proves that simply learning which corner to dive to is not enough. It is important that goalkeepers also perfectly calculate their dive to get to the corner at the right time.

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Scientists create innovative new 'green' concrete using graphene

(University of Exeter) A new greener, stronger and more durable concrete that is made using the wonder-material graphene could revolutionise the construction industry.

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Animal cyborg: Behavioral control by 'toy' craving circuit

(The Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)) Children love to get toys from parents for their birthday present. This craving toward items also involves object hoarding disorders and shopping addiction. However, the biological meaning of why the brain pursues objects or items has remained unknown. Part of the answer may lie with a neural circuit in the hypothalamus associated with 'object craving,' says neuroscientist Daesoo Kim from the Department of Biological Sciences at KAIST.

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New research modernizes rammed earth construction

(University of British Columbia Okanagan campus) A building method as old as dirt is being re-examined as a 'new' and viable modern construction material.Compressed soil, also known as rammed earth, is a method of construction that dates back centuries. UBC Okanagan engineering professor Sumi Siddiqua, who has been researching the resurgence in rammed earth, says conventional cement is still the go-to for modern engineers.

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Let it go: Mental breaks after work improve sleep

(American Psychological Association) If you've had a bad day at work thanks to rude colleagues, doing something fun and relaxing after you punch out could net you a better night's sleep.

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IBS patients obtain robust, enduring relief from home-based treatment program

(University at Buffalo) In the largest federally funded non-drug clinical trial for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), patients with the most severe and persistent symptoms achieved robust and sustained relief by learning to control symptoms with minimal clinician contact. Led by University at Buffalo researchers in collaboration with colleagues at New York University and Northwestern University, the study was published online before print in Gastroenterology.

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Asthma and hay fever linked to increased risk of psychiatric disorders

(Frontiers) A new study is the first to find a significant link between asthma, hay fever and a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders. Over 15 years, 10.8 percent of patients with allergic diseases developed a psychiatric disorder, compared to only 6.7 percent of those without allergies. Monitoring the mental health of patients with allergies could help doctors care for their patients more effectively.

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Human-like walking mechanics evolved before the genus Homo

(Experimental Biology 2018) A close examination of 3.6-million-year-old hominin footprints discovered in Laetoli, Tanzania, suggests our ancestors evolved the hallmark trait of extended leg, human-like bipedalism substantially earlier than previously thought.

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Researchers discover potential source of gender differences in migraines

(Experimental Biology 2018) Findings from a new study conducted in rats reveal that females may be more susceptible to migraines and less responsive to treatment because of the way fluctuations in the hormone estrogen affect cells in the brain.

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New vaccine could help people overcome bath salts abuse

(Experimental Biology 2018) Researchers have developed a vaccine for one of the most dangerous types of synthetic cathinones, or bath salts. The vaccine blunts the illegal stimulant's effects on the brain, which could help recovering drug users who experience a relapse.

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Slower calorie burn in pregnancy may mean more retained baby weight in obese black moms

(American Physiological Society) Differences in the way women with obesity burn calories during pregnancy may be a contributor to long-term postpartum weight retention in black moms. The findings, which suggest a need for more individualized pregnancy weight gain recommendations for obese women, will be presented today at the APS annual meeting at Experimental Biology 2018 in San Diego.

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Drinking water may help exercising seniors stay mentally sharp

(American Physiological Society) Older people should drink more water to reap the full cognitive benefits of exercise, new research suggests. The study, to be presented today at the American Physiological Society (APS) annual meeting at Experimental Biology 2018 in San Diego, explores the association between hydration status before exercising and exercise-enhanced cognition in older adults.

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What's in a name? Yale researchers track PTSD's many identities during war

(SAGE) Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with military activities for as long as wars have been fought -- but this disorder was only named in the 1980s. A new Yale paper published April 16, 2018 in Chronic Stress documents a different kind of war -- a war of words -- that has been fought over the name of the disorder, and may have slowed clinical and scientific progress on the disorder.

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Fight, flight, or freeze

(University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine) There's increasing physiological evidence connecting breathing patterns with the brain regions that control mood and emotion. Now researchers have added neurons associated with the olfactory system to the connection between behavior and breathing. Connecting patterns in these interactions may help explain why practices such as meditation and yoga that rely on rhythmic breathing can help people overcome anxiety-based illnesses.

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San Diego leaders, researchers announce milestone grant as Alzheimer's crisis widens

(Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute) A coalition of brain scientists and civic leaders, including Mayor Kevin Faulconer and county supervisors Dianne Jacob and Kristin Gaspar, announced that the federal government has awarded a $1.3 million grant to Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute to advance the local search for a cure for Alzheimer's.

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Improving citizen science and big data analysis

(University of Massachusetts at Amherst) Computer science researcher Daniel Sheldon at the University of Massachusetts Amherst has been awarded a five-year, $550,000 faculty early career development (CAREER) grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to design and test new mathematical approaches and algorithms to help ecologists and other scientists better use large data sets generated by citizen science projects, animal tracking devices and earth observation instruments, among other goals.

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Meditation could help anxiety and cardiovascular health

(Michigan Technological University) In a student-led study, one hour of mindfulness meditation shown to reduce anxiety and some cardiovascular risk markers.

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Business in Key Biodiversity Areas: Minimizing the risk to nature

(International Union for Conservation of Nature) A roadmap for businesses operating in some of the most biologically significant places on the planet has been issued this week by the Key Biodiversity Area Partnership involving 12 of the world's leading conservation organizations -- including IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature.

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Genomics study in Africa: Demographic history and deleterious mutations

(Institut Pasteur) Scientists from the Institut Pasteur set out to understand how the demographic changes associated with the Neolithic transition also influenced the efficacy of natural selection. By comparing the genome diversity of more than 300 individuals from groups of forest hunter-gatherers (pygmies) and farmers (Bantu-speaking peoples), from western and eastern Central Africa, they discovered that the reason pygmies did not suffer from excessive deleterious mutations was because of their genetic diversity and their admixture with the Bantu peoples.

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How do people die in Switzerland today?

(Université de Genève) Today, almost two thirds of deaths in Switzerland aren't unexpected. How does the cultural context specific to each linguistic region influence end-of-life decisions? Researchers from the universities of Zurich and Geneva noticed significant differences between regions. However, these differences are not always more important than those observed between these regions and the countries with which they share the same language. These results are important to help ground debates on end of life decisions on facts.

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A fat belly is bad for your heart

(European Society of Cardiology) Belly fat, even in people who are not otherwise overweight, is bad for the heart, according to results from the Mayo Clinic presented today at EuroPrevent 2018, a European Society of Cardiology congress.

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When there's an audience, people's performance improves

(Johns Hopkins University) Often people think performing in front of others will make them mess up, but a new study found the opposite: being watched makes people do better.

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Research reveals stronger people have healthier brains

(NICM, Western Sydney University) A study of nearly half a million people has revealed that muscular strength, measured by handgrip, is an indication of how healthy our brains are. The study, published in Schizophrenia Bulletin, also showed that maximal handgrip was strongly correlated with both visual memory and reaction time in over one thousand people with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia.

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Faster walking heart patients are hospitalized less

(European Society of Cardiology) Faster walking patients with heart disease are hospitalized less, according to research presented today at EuroPrevent 2018, a European Society of Cardiology congress, and published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology.

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Compound improves stroke outcome by reducing lingering inflammation

(Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University) An experimental compound appears to improve stroke outcome by reducing the destructive inflammation that can continue months after a stroke, scientists report.Rats consuming compound 21 following a clot-based stroke -- the most common type in humans -- don't have a smaller stroke size but do have better memory and movement in its aftermath, says Dr. Adviye Ergul, vascular physiologist and Regents' Professor in the Department of Physiology at the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University.

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Wayne Stater receives NSF funding to explore constraints on policy learni

(Wayne State University - Office of the Vice President for Research) With the help of a $55,000 grant from the National Science Foundation, Kristin O'Donovan, Ph.D., assistant professor of political science in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Wayne State University, will explore the limits on policy learning about disaster mitigation after a community has experienced a disaster. O'Donovan will also seek to understand why one community may be more vulnerable to a disaster than its neighbor.

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New strategies for hospitals during mass casualty incidents

(Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health) Using the layout of a typical urban hospital, the authors investigated a hospital's capacity and capability to handle mass casualty incidents of various sizes with various characteristics, and assessed the effectiveness of designed demand management and capacity-expansion strategies. Average performance improvements gained through capacity-expansion strategies were quantified and best response actions were identified.

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Male contraceptive compound stops sperm without affecting hormones

(University of North Carolina Health Care) A new study published today in the journal PLOS ONE details how a compound called EP055 binds to sperm proteins to significantly slow the overall mobility of the sperm without affecting hormones, making EP055 a potential 'male pill' without side effects.

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Want to be seen as cool? Just say, 'cheese!'

(University of Arizona) What makes a person cool? One University of Arizona researcher says the difference in being seen as cool or not can be found in something as simple as a smile.

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US military looks to develop revolutionary machine-learning tool to address upsurge in suicides

(Florida State University) The Department of Defense awards a $1.5 million grant to Florida State University to develop a new machine-learning tool that better predicts a person's suicide risk.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2vtfi9u

Novel antioxidant makes old blood vessels seem young again

(University of Colorado at Boulder) Older adults who take an antioxidant that specifically targets mitochondria see age-related changes in blood vessels reverse by the equivalent of 15 to 20 years within six weeks, a new study shows.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2HxeWUh