The genes from Icelanda's first settlers reveal the origin of their population in detail

(Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) In just over 1,000 years, Icelanders have gone through numerous changes in their gene pool, to the extent that Icelanda's first settlers, who came to the island from Norway and the British and Irish isles between the years 870 and 930, are much more similar to the inhabitants of their original home countries than to Iceland's present-day inhabitants.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2JmnZYX

Study finds two ancient populations that diverged later 'reconverged' in the Americas

(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) A new genetic study of ancient individuals in the Americas and their contemporary descendants finds that two populations that diverged from one another 18,000 to 15,000 years ago remained apart for millennia before mixing again. This historic ;reconvergence; occurred before or during their expansion to the southern continent.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2LbtIho

First peoples: Study finds two ancient ancestries 'reconverged' with settling of South America

(University of Cambridge) New research using ancient DNA finds that a population split after people first arrived in North America was maintained for millennia before mixing again before or during the expansion of humans into the southern continent.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2JnwCCM

New study estimates the carbon footprints of 13,000 cities

(Norwegian University of Science and Technology) Many see cities as the new front lines of the climate change fight. Identifying the mayors and city councils in cities with the biggest carbon footprints, and the most power to make big changes, could mobilize a wave of reinforcements.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JjbBcd

For American Indian youth, risk is higher for alcohol, drug use, say CSU researchers

(Colorado State University) Since 1975, Colorado State University social scientists have studied rates of drug and alcohol use among American Indian youths living on or near reservations. Their latest published results underscore a trend that has persisted over many decades: Native adolescents are more likely to use alcohol and illicit drugs than non-Native adolescents in the United States.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2kGl8fw

Memory depends on protein 'off-switch', researchers find

(University of Warwick) Memory, learning and cognitive flexibility depend on a protein 'off-switch' in the brain, according to a breakthrough discovery made by an international research collaboration co-led by the University of Warwick.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2J2hU0p

Labor exploitation is endemic in global tea and cocoa industries, international study finds

(University of Sheffield) Labor exploitation including forced labor is endemic at the base of global tea and cocoa supply chains, according to a pioneering international study published by researchers at the University of Sheffield today (31 May 2018).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2J3svMR

Psychologists: Women are not to blame for the wage gap

(Rice University) Women should not be blamed for the gender wage gap in the United States, according to psychologists at Rice University. To eliminate the gap, organizations must provide training, support and opportunities for growth, the researchers said.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Jm6vMc

Perception that antibiotics are harmless is widespread

(Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy) A new study of decision-making about the use of antibiotics in medicine has found that the mistaken belief that antibiotics are harmless is widespread, especially among patients. Clinicians and patients alike are influenced by the general notion of 'why not take a risk,' a belief that there is potential benefit and very little risk in taking antibiotics, when in reality there are specific downsides, both for individuals and for society as a whole.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2H8udqb

The link between handgrip strength and healthy lungs in older women

(American Geriatrics Society) Research has linked handgrip strength to other health problems in older adults. Losing muscle strength as you age also means losing muscle strength in your respiratory system. However, little is known about the link between handgrip strength and lung function in older adults. A team of researchers recently decided to learn whether testing handgrip strength could help identify lung function in older Korean women.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2LJjgie

Mothers with high emotional, cognitive control help their children behave

(Brigham Young University) A new parenting study finds that the greater emotional control and problem-solving abilities a mother has, the less likely her children will develop behavioral problems, such as throwing tantrums or fighting.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2H78YoS

The secret to longevity is in the microbiome and the gut

(McGill University) McGill University scientists fed fruit flies with a combination of probiotics and an herbal supplement called Triphala that was able to prolong the flies' longevity by 60 percent and protect them against chronic diseases associated with aging.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2kDyybZ

Micro-CT scans show 2,100-year-old 'hawk' mummy a stillborn baby

(University of Western Ontario) A tiny Egyptian mummy long believed to be that of a hawk is actually a rare example of a near-to-term, severely malformed fetus, says an examination led by mummy expert Andrew Nelson of Western University in London, Canada.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2sueAE7

For patients with prostate cancer, dysfunction due to treatment side effects results in increased emotional distress -- and vice versa

(Elsevier) A new study published in The Journal of Urology reports that men with prostate cancer who had worse urinary, bowel, and sexual function after surgery or radiotherapy than others experienced more emotional distress. Interestingly, the reverse was also true as experiencing more distress led to worse function. The likelihood of this reciprocal relationship highlights the importance of greater investment in psychosocial care to mitigate treatment side effects in prostate cancer survivors.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2kEqS9s

Got an appetite that won't subside? You've got hungry peptides

(University of Southern California) The brain's sewer system is a channel of communication that tells you when you are hungry, scientists find.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2J17MsW

Conflicting guidance on opioid prescribing can jeopardize pain mgmt for patients with cancer

(University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing) Persistent pain and recurrent episodes of pain are common for those who are living with cancer, or for those undergoing cancer treatment. When used properly, prescription opioids have long been known to help combat pain experienced by people with cancer.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2J48e5H

Single protein on-off switch controls learning flexibility and acquisition of new memories

(University of Bradford) Scientists have for the first time shown how a single molecule expressed in the brain affects how we learn new tasks and acquire new memories. The discovery has profound implications for understanding why some older people, including those living with dementia and those with neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's, struggle in remembering recent facts (short-term memory) and adapting to new tasks.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2LJj6HE

This is your brain detecting patterns

(Ohio State University) Detecting patterns is an important part of how humans learn and make decisions. Now, researchers have seen what is happening in people's brains as they first find patterns in information they are presented.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xtd37h

Micro-CT scans show 2,100-year-old 'hawk' mummy a stillborn baby

(University of Western Ontario) A tiny Egyptian mummy long believed to be that of a hawk is actually a rare example of a near-to-term, severely malformed fetus, says an examination led by mummy expert Andrew Nelson of Western University in London, Canada.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2sueAE7

Number of wild mountain gorillas exceeds 1,000

(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology) A recent census of the critically endangered mountain gorillas conducted in the Virunga Volcanoes found a minimum of 604 individuals. In combination with the 400 individuals living in the only other population in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda, these new results push the total number of wild mountain gorillas in the world to over 1000.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2J5skfN

Cocaine use alters gene expression in brain reward circuits

(Elsevier) A study in Biological Psychiatry has identified unique genetic changes in the brain's reward circuitry that are associated with cocaine use, including first-time use, withdrawal, and re-exposure to the drug after prolonged withdrawal. The findings reveal important information on how cocaine addiction reprograms gene expression and provide insight into the molecular basis of cocaine addiction in unprecedented detail.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2kEM67i

Ancient tooth shows Mesolithic ancestors were fish and plant eaters

(University of York) Analysis of the skeletal remains of a Mesolithic man found in a cave on a Croatian island has revealed microscopic fish and plant remains in the dental plaque of a tooth -- a first-time discovery for the period and region.

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Old Maori village discovered by Otago archaeologists

(University of Otago) A group of University of Otago archaeologists have uncovered the peripheries of a 14th century Maori village in Gisborne, New Zealand.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2J1SS1r

Respiratory societies warn about electronic cigarette use in youth

(American College of Chest Physicians) The Forum of International Respiratory Societies (FIRS), of which the American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) is a founding member, announced a new position paper on electronic cigarettes and youth.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IZ70N8

UTA to help Boeing plan to teach employees to work alongside bots, robots, AI

(University of Texas at Arlington) Researchers at The University of Texas at Arlington have received a new grant from Boeing to help the organization understand future learning environments where new technologies such as bots, robots, and artificial intelligence are active participants in teams alongside workers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2H4cUqm

Along Alaska's Pacific coast, early humans could have migrated to the Americas

(American Association for the Advancement of Science) New dating of rocks and reanalysis of animal bones from islands along the shore of southeastern Alaska suggests that a narrow corridor between the Pacific Ocean and the Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) in Alaska may have enabled the migration of humans to the Americas as early as 17,000 years ago.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2J05l9K

In ancient boulders, new clues about the story of human migration to the Americas

(University at Buffalo) A geological study provides compelling evidence to support the hypothesis that ancient humans migrated into the Americas via a coastal route. By analyzing boulders and bedrock, a University at Buffalo-led team shows that part of a coastal migration route became accessible to humans 17,000 years ago. During this period, ancient glaciers receded, exposing islands of southern Alaska's Alexander Archipelago to air and sun -- and, possibly, to human migration.

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Free tax services in pediatrics clinics yield high returns

(Boston Medical Center) During its first two years, StreetCred, a free tax preparation program developed at Boston Medical Center (BMC), helped 753 clients in pediatric clinics receive over $1.6 million in federal tax returns. Results from surveys of clients and staff, published in Pediatrics, showed that StreetCred was associated with a significant improvement in tax filings and a significant increase in client knowledge about the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), which helps lift families out of poverty.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2L7P8w9

Details that look sharp to people may be blurry to their pets

(Duke University) Blind as a bat or eagle-eyed? Scientists compared hundreds of species by the sharpness of their sight. They found a 10,000-fold difference between the most sharp-sighted and the most blurry-eyed species, with humans ranking near the top. The researchers also created a series of images showing how different scenes might appear to animals with different acuities. The images reveal patterns that, while easy for some species to see, may be imperceptible to others.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JfqmNf

Workplace dress codes present barriers to people living with disabilities

(University of Missouri-Columbia) According to the US Census, nearly 20 million people of working age live with a disability. While past research has indicated that people living with disabilities face barriers in workplace participation, researchers from the University of Missouri have now found one hindrance to workplace participation for people with disabilities is the lack of appropriate clothing. This barrier increases their stigma and decreases their confidence.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2squEqG

Having an abortion does not lead to depression

(University of Maryland) Having an abortion does not increase a woman's risk for depression, according to a new University of Maryland School of Public Health-led study of nearly 400,000 women. Previous research has found abortion does not harm women's mental health, yet studies claiming that it does have been used to justify state policies that restrict access to abortion in the US. This study's findings, published in JAMA Psychiatry, suggest those policies are misguided.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2H2v2B3

Self-driving cars must reduce traffic fatalities by at least 75 percent to stay on the roads

(Society for Risk Analysis) The race is on for companies to present their driverless cars to the public, but recent collisions involving autonomous vehicles developed by Uber Technologies Inc. and Tesla Inc. have led consumers to questions whether these vehicles can alleviate traffic issues and increase safety. A new study published in Risk Analysis examined the question 'How safe is safe enough for self-driving vehicles (SDVs)?'

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2siA5bF

New Jersey Institute of Technology partners with Woz U

(New Jersey Institute of Technology) Tech-based education start-up aligns with renowned technological university to address the challenges of technology progression for companies by offering customized programs to educate their personnel.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JgV5ta

Study examines tax compliance behaviour in small business owners

(Wiley) A new Applied Psychology study examines the ethical behaviours of small business owners in terms of tax compliance versus avoidance, and how internalised values and external punishment may come into play.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2L3m6xm

Public transit agencies should not have to disclose safety planning records in court, similar to laws for state highway agencies and passenger railroads, says new report

(National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine) To enable public transit agencies to engage in more rigorous and effective safety planning, their safety planning records should not be admissible as evidence in civil litigation, says a new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JjyTyD

Sniffing out real truffles

(American Chemical Society) At a cost of thousands of dollars per pound, truffles are an expensive food. The fungi are prized for their distinctive aroma, and many foods claim truffles or their aromas as ingredients. But some of these foods may actually contain a much less pricey synthetic truffle compound. To help detect food fraud, researchers report in Analytical Chemistry that they have developed a technique that discriminates between these natural and synthetic compounds.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JdeSdb

The ideal balance of 1960: Beyond poverty and before overconsumption

(Springer) While remembering the sixties sounds nostalgic, it also appears to make sense. In that decade the balance of the quality of life and sustainability was at its best according to a study on the history of the sustainability of the Netherlands by, among others, TU Eindhoven and the University of Groningen. Their book 'Well-being, Sustainability and Social Development, The Netherlands 1850-2050' covers some 800 pages and is available through SpringerOpen as an open access book.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2kzqlpj

Heat is driving off clouds that dampen California wildfires

(The Earth Institute at Columbia University) Sunny California may be getting too sunny. Increasing summer temperatures brought on by a combination of intensifying urbanization and warming climate are driving off once common low-lying morning clouds in many southern coastal areas of the state, leading to increased risk of wildfires, says a new study.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2sqb7GO

OSA to launch new gold open-access journal, OSA Continuum

(The Optical Society) The Optical Society (OSA) today announced it will begin publishing a new open-access journal, OSA Continuum, in September 2018. The new Journal will accept contributions from the broad optics and photonics community.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2L3lXKk

Mixing science and politics

(American Chemical Society) The inaugural March for Science, held last year in Washington, D.C., and other cities across the world, celebrated science and its role in our everyday lives. In addition, many participants expressed frustration with U.S. President Donald J. Trump's apparent disregard for evidence-based policy-making. An article in Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN), the weekly news magazine of the American Chemical Society, reports that these concerns galvanized some scientists to run for political office.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IWN8u3

Breaking good -- Key discovery made for battling opioid epidemic

(Epimeron Inc.) Making opioids from sugar instead of from field grown opium poppies has the potential to solve many of the problems associated with manufacturing strong pain killers. The breakthrough announced today enables the completion of commercial, non-plant based biosynthetic manufacturing systems for active opioid agents and intermediates. It also opens the door to the creation of new opioid molecules, some with new characteristics such as reduced addictiveness.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IZOBj1

UTSA researchers study stuttering and develop technology to enhance brain function

(University of Texas at San Antonio) A team of researchers at the University of Texas at San Antonio received a two-year, $387,000 grant, from the National Institutes of Health, to develop technology that will identify brain activity patterns that contribute to stuttering and use that technology to train people how to optimize brain functions.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xrok7Z

Italy's oldest olive oil discovered in peculiar pot

(University of South Florida (USF Health)) Chemical analysis conducted on ancient pottery discovered from the Early Bronze Age proves Italians started using olive oil 700 years sooner than what's previously been recorded.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2kzinwk

Next generation radiation detection devices wins government a KTP top rating

(University of Huddersfield) Radiation detection company Kromek uses Knowledge Transfer Partnerships for new devices to identify cancerous tissues and hazardous and radioactive materials.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IVwBGK

Older men with higher levels of sex hormones could be less religious

(Springer) The level of sex hormones such as testosterone in a man's body could influence his religiosity. A new study by Aniruddha Das of McGill University in Canada in Springer's journal Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology now adds to the growing body of evidence that religiosity is not only influenced by upbringing or psychological makeup, but physiological factors could also play a role.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2H5Zfim

Prevalence of eating disorders taken from largest sample in the United States

(Elsevier) Biological Psychiatry has published a new study revising the outdated estimates of the prevalence of eating disorders in the United States. The new estimates were based on a nationally representative sample of 36,309 adults -- the largest national sample of US adults ever studied. The findings estimate that 0.80 percent of US adults will be affected by anorexia nervosa in their lifetime; 0.28 percent will be affected by bulimia nervosa; and 0.85 percent will be affected by binge eating disorder.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2sqgtSu

Hormone therapy may lead to improved cognitive function

(The North American Menopause Society (NAMS)) Hormones affect just about everything that goes on in a woman's body, from reproductive function and sexual libido to weight gain and overall mood. A new study shows how, in the right dosage and combination, hormones also may slow cognitive decline in postmenopausal women as they age. The study is being published online today in Menopause, the journal of The North American Menopause Society.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IXSeG6

Italy's oldest olive oil discovered in peculiar pot

(University of South Florida (USF Health)) Chemical analysis conducted on ancient pottery discovered from the Early Bronze Age proves Italians started using olive oil 700 years sooner than what's previously been recorded.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2kzinwk

50,000 child sex abuse school-age children and young offenders to take part in largest cross-cultural psychology survey to date

(University of Huddersfield) Psychologists at the University of Huddersfield will conduct a survey of up to 50,000 young people around the world in order to discover the extent to which victims of abuse begin to display mental health problems and psychopathic personality traits and how they can be halted.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2swCtez

New guidance on treating diabetes in elderly and frail adults

(University of Exeter) The new guidance will advise clinicians on helping elderly people with type 2 diabetes get the most out of treatment options, and for the first time contains guidance on how and when to stop diabetes treatments in particularly frail adults.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2LKQ62q

Sensory-based food education encourages children to eat vegetables, berries and fruit

(University of Eastern Finland) Sensory-based food education given to 3-5 year-old children in the kindergarten increases their willingness to choose vegetables, berries and fruit, according to a new study from the University of Eastern Finland. Sensory-based food education offers new tools for promoting healthy dietary habits in early childhood education and care. The findings were published in Public Health Nutrition.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2LGBZLs

Gutenberg Research College bestows the 2018 Gutenberg Research Award

(Johannes Gutenberg Universitaet Mainz) On Monday this week, the Gutenberg Research College (GRC), serving as the core strategic instrument to promote top-level research at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), presented the 2018 Gutenberg Research Award and welcomed four new fellows at its annual celebration. This year's Gutenberg Research Award, worth €10,000, went to Adela Yarbro Collins, Professor of New Testament Studies, and John J. Collins, Professor of Old Testament Studies, both of Yale University.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2LGMLBk

Law firms do not encourage men to take parental leaves

(University of Eastern Finland) The professional ethos of law firms discourages men from taking parental leave, a new Finnish-Canadian study shows. Carried out by the University of Eastern Finland and TÉLUQ University in Quebec, the study found that the professional culture in law firms rests on traditional masculine ideology, with men regarded as the providers for their families. This view does not encourage men to combine their professional career and child care. The findings were reported in the International Journal of the Legal Profession.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xu1TyU

New mums' voices get lower after pregnancy, shows a University of Sussex study

(University of Sussex) The pitch of new mothers' voices temporarily drops after they have had their first baby.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2LKaFw3

Growth of Greenlandic children is no longer stunted

(University of Southern Denmark Faculty of Health Sciences) Previous studies of growth of the indigenous Inuit people of Greenland, Canada and Alaska has characterized them as shorter but with the same weight as European or continental US citizens. Yet, this specific growth pattern was no longer found in the new study of growth of Greenlandic children conducted by researchers from University of Southern Denmark, which has just been published in the scientific journal Acta Paediatrica.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xu1Q6c

Stories to help children cope

(University of Exeter) An educational psychologist has created stories to help children deal with issues such as anxiety and depression.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IT0Tts

Trinity College Dublin to host Schrodinger at 75 -- The Future of Biology conference

(Trinity College Dublin) An unprecedented gathering of world-leading scientists -- including six Nobel Prize winners, will, on the 75th anniversary of Erwin Schrodinger's historic, paradigm-shifting What is Life? lectures, open eyes and minds to the burning issues of science today, and to the research of the scientists whose work will shape its future.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2H4Cnjc

Rebranded Social Psychological Bulletin opens up to the world with PsychOpen GOLD & ARPHA

(Pensoft Publishers) Social Psychological Bulletin, formerly known as the Polish-born Psychologia Spoleczna, has rebranded and evolved to reflect its new international outlook and dedication to social psychological research and open science practices. In order to truly open up to both academia and the society, the journal joins two prime movers in the open science field -- the Leibniz Institute for Psychology Information with its unique PsychOpen GOLD platform and the high-tech innovative journal publishing platform ARPHA.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2sow84E

Song from the distant past, a new fossil pheasant from China preserves a super-elongated windpipe

(Chinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters) A well preserved, nearly complete skeleton of a new extinct species of pheasant that lived between seven and 11 million years ago adjacent to the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau in China preserves the oldest evidence of a bird having modified and specialized its vocalization sounds (songs or calls).

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Swabbing cesarean-born babies with vaginal fluids potentially unsafe and unnecessary

(Frontiers) 'Vaginal seeding,' whereby cesarean-delivered babies are immediately swabbed with the mother's vaginal fluids, is unjustified and potentially unsafe, finds a comprehensive scientific review of this practice. Differences in bacterial populations between cesarean- and vaginally delivered babies, thought to account for the greater risk of health problems suffered by cesarean-born babies in later life, are most likely caused by antibiotics administered to mothers delivering by C-section rather than lack of exposure to vaginal microbes at birth.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2L7rekg

Advancing data publishing: California Digital Library & Dryad announce partnership

(California Digital Library (University of California, Office of the President)) University of California's California Digital Library (CDL) and Dryad Digital Repository are formally partnering to address researcher needs and lead an open, community-supported initiative in research data curation and publishing. This partnership is aimed at driving adoption of curated, accessible data publishing in the research community and will leverage the capabilities of both institutions and publishers to better align data publishing within researcher workflows.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JmvYVM

New cooking training significantly decreases sodium levels in Chinese take-out meals

(SAGE) While Chinese dishes are known to have one of the highest salt contents of all food categories, new research finds that a cooking training for Chinese take-out chefs and restaurant owners can result in substantial reductions in sodium in the foods they serve with no substantial loss of taste.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xq7Tc1

TGen, Northwestern University study of 'SuperAgers' offers genetic clues to performance

(The Translational Genomics Research Institute) Recent studies have shown that SuperAgers have less evidence of brain atrophy, have thicker parts of the brain related to memory, and lower prevalence of the pathological changes associated with Alzheimer's disease. Now, a study by the TGen and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine suggests that having resilient memory performance during aging could be inherited, and that a particular gene might be associated with SuperAgers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2LIdhuf

Growth hormone may provide new hope for stroke survivors

(University of Gothenburg) Less fatigue and better recovery of cognitive abilities such as learning and memory. These may be the results of growth hormone treatment after a stroke, an experimental study of mice published in the journal Stroke suggests.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2J3T4gQ

Genes found related to the reduction of proteins that contribute to Alzheimer's onset

(Rush University Medical Center) Creation of a map of the molecular network in the aging brain reveals two new Alzheimer's disease target genes.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Jjd95Z

Oil and gas wastewater on the road could mean health and environment woes

(American Chemical Society) A truck kicking up dust as it speeds down a dirt road is a typical image in country music videos. But this dust from unpaved roads is also an environmental and health hazard. To prevent dust clouds, some states treat dirt motorways with oil and gas wastewater. Now one group reports in Environmental Science & Technology that this wastewater contains harmful pollutants that have the potential to do more harm than good.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2sh8nMO

Research finds pain expectation is pain reality for children

(University of California - Riverside) The study reinforces that pain expectation informs pain experience in children, significantly. The research used the application of thermal pain at varying temperatures, accompanied by verbal commands.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2L2H7bu

Some blood stem cells are better than others

(University of Southern California - Health Sciences) In your body, blood stem cells produce approximately 10 billion new white blood cells, which are also known as immune cells, each and every day. Even more remarkably, if some of these blood stem cells fail to do their part, then other blood stem cells pick up their slack and overproduce whichever specific type of immune cell is lacking, according to a new USC Stem Cell study published in the journal EMBO Reports.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Jj4lNm

Poll: Half of older adults don't use health provider's secure patient communication site

(Michigan Medicine - University of Michigan) A new poll suggests that many older adults still aren't using online systems to communicate with the doctors and other health care providers they rely on -- despite the widespread availability of such systems. Only about half of people aged 50 to 80 have set up an account on a secure online access site, or 'patient portal.' The likelihood was higher among those who were younger, more educated or had higher incomes.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2L8BpF1

Kessler Foundation partners with Motek to develop new rehabilitation treatments

(Kessler Foundation) Kessler Foundation, a major nonprofit organization in the field of disability, has partnered with Motek, a leader in virtual reality (VR) rehabilitation technologies, to develop new treatments to improve cognitive and motor impairments in individuals with disabilities.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IVcbO2

Woulda, coulda, shoulda: The haunting regret of failing our ideal selves

(Cornell University) Our most enduring regrets are the ones that stem from our failure to live up to our ideal selves, according to new Cornell University research.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xnVYeD

Numbers about inequality don't speak for themselves

(Stanford University) In a new research paper, Stanford scholars Rebecca Hetey and Jennifer Eberhardt propose new ways to talk about racial disparities.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2LAI1gJ

MSU neuroscientist publishes research that opens door for brain disorder therapies

(Montana State University) James Mazer, Montana State University associate professor of neuroscience, published findings in the journal Neuron that reveal how the brain maintains attentional focus during eye movements. The research could lead to treatments and therapies for some brain disorders.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IX3Dly

Neukom Institute announces winners of speculative fiction awards

(Dartmouth College) Award program to honor creative works in speculative fiction go to three books that demonstrate that the future can be imagined as something other than a slick, techno-dystopia.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IVc9po

In child-crippling mucolipidosis IV, drug shows hope in lab cultures

(Georgia Institute of Technology) Medicine offers no treatment for children crippled by mucolipidosis IV, which hits them in the first year of life and gradually becomes fatal. But researchers battling it with limited means at their disposal have captured a glimmer of hope in lab tests on an existing drug.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JiIRAx

Having an emotional group feeling boosts multiday sports events, study says

(University of Oregon) Pulling fans into an emotionally connected group atmosphere can enhance brand recall and may secure repeat attendance. That's the key message of a University of Oregon study that analyzed the feelings of fans at a six-day, biannual international track-and-field event.

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First time guidance on treating red diaper syndrome in otherwise healthy breastfed infants

(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News) A case study and subsequent literature review has concluded that absent signs of clinical infection, breastfeeding should continue normally when mother and baby are diagnosed with Red Diaper Syndrome (pink-colored breast milk and pink-colored soiled diapers) caused by Serratia marcescens, an opportunistic bacteria.

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E. coli infection induces delirium in aging rats

(Society for Neuroscience) Activation of the immune system by an infection may temporarily disrupt formation of long-term memories in healthy, aging rats by reducing levels of a protein required for brain cells to make new connections, suggests new research published in eNeuro.

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Caseload volume in gynecologic surgery important consideration for women

(George Washington University) Experts at the GW, led by Gaby Moawad, M.D., assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences, outlined some of the concerns and proposed solutions for choosing a surgeon in an article recently published in the Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology.

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ASCO honors University of Rochester Physician with geriatric award

(University of Rochester Medical Center) Supriya G. Mohile, M.D., M.S., an oncologist at the Wilmot Cancer Institute and trailblazer in the growing field of geriatric oncology, has been named the 2018 winner of the B.J. Kennedy Award by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). She will deliver the B.J. Kennedy Lecture on June 4 at ASCO's annual meeting in Chicago.

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CDC interventions targeting diabetes in pregnancy could improve maternal and infant health

(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News) Diabetes in pregnant women can have serious health consequences for both mother and baby, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has identified four target areas in which increased surveillance, screening, and preventive care can improve maternal and infant health.

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Scientists show how brain circuit generates anxiety

(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) Neuroscientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) have identified a neural circuit in the amygdala, the brain's seat of emotion processing, that gives rise to anxiety. Their insight has revealed the critical role of a molecule called dynorphin, which could serve as a target for treatment of anxiety-related disorders including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

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Tufts CTSI and MIT announce research collaboration

(Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute) Leaders from Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) announced today a new collaboration to advance and expedite translational research from device creation and testing to medical practice for patient benefit. To more seamlessly facilitate this process and promote successful translation, Tufts CTSI and MIT are developing a new research initiative, T.5 Capacity in Medical Devices.

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Nokia had to weed out a culture of fear to embrace a future without smartphones

(Aalto University) The radical strategic move demanded a sea change in Nokia's management style. Interviews carried out about the events between 2007 and 2013 show how the new board appointed in 2012 got Nokia's top management to express their previously suppressed opinions and to dare to make an about turn in the company's business.

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What do animals want?

(Kyoto University) Researchers apply machine learning to understand how potential food rewards guide the movements of nematodes, finding that the subjects combine multiple sensations into strategic behaviors that uses the minimal amount of energy.

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'Will this be on the test?' Even if it isn't, students might remember it

(University of British Columbia) A new study by the University of British Columbia shows that teachers don't have to test everything they want their students to remember -- as long as the knowledge they want to convey fits together well, and the test questions are well-chosen. The finding, based on an experiment with UBC pharmacy students, builds on a proven phenomenon known as 'retrieval-enhanced learning' -- that the very act of recalling something reinforces it in a person's memory.

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Charité gains new Collaborative Research Center for diagnostic imaging

(Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin) At the meeting of the German Research Foundation's review panel on May 17, Charité -- Universitätsmedizin Berlin convinced the reviewers with all four of its proposals.

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Understanding the origin of Alzheimer's, looking for a cure

(University of Montreal) Researchers look at the promising role played by the BMI1 gene, which could someday help mitigate or even reverse the disease.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IWMmc6

Stronger alcohol policies help reduce alcohol-related crash deaths in US

(Boston Medical Center) Stronger alcohol policies, including those targeting both excessive drinking and driving while impaired by alcohol, reduce the likelihood of alcohol-related motor vehicle crash deaths.

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Impaired energy production may explain why brain is susceptible to age-related diseases

(Salk Institute) By studying neurons generated directly from skin cells, Salk researchers showed the impact of aged mitochondria on brain cells.

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Multisensory experiences enhance sales and feeling of comfort in shops and restaurants

(University of the Arts Helsinki) The preliminary results show that sounds of nature that were played in the fruit and vegetable section of a grocery shop had a clear impact on the shop's sales. The sales of fruit and vegetables showed an increase of 20 percent compared to the previous week and 13 percent compared to the week that followed.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IVwEhC

Prehistoric teeth dating back 2 million years reveal details on ancient Africa's climate

(University of Toronto) New research out of South Africa's Wonderwerk Cave led by anthropologists at the University of Toronto shows that the climate of the interior of southern Africa almost two million years ago was much wetter than the modern environment. This first extensive paleoenvironmental sequence for the interior of southern Africa suggests that human ancestors were living in environments other than open, arid grasslands known from East African research of the same time period.

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Researchers identify the electrophysiological sign of cerebral infarction

(Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin) Researchers from Charité -- Universitätsmedizin Berlin have analyzed the underlying electrophysiological indicators of subarachnoid hemorrhage, the second most common type of brain hemorrhage that can lead to ischemic stroke within a matter of days. Their findings, which have been published in the journal Brain, may lay the foundations for new stroke treatments.

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Too little sleep in child­hood may have neg­at­ive ef­fects on cho­les­terol levels

(University of Helsinki) According to a doctoral study conducted in the University of Helsinki, adequate sleep duration and sleep quality may support healthy lipid profile among children and youth. In addition, earlier circadian preference in childhood may contribute positively to the future health of the child.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2shnBB7

Prehistoric teeth dating back 2 million years reveal details on ancient Africa's climate

(University of Toronto) New research out of South Africa's Wonderwerk Cave led by anthropologists at the University of Toronto shows that the climate of the interior of southern Africa almost two million years ago was much wetter than the modern environment. This first extensive paleoenvironmental sequence for the interior of southern Africa suggests that human ancestors were living in environments other than open, arid grasslands known from East African research of the same time period.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2snWjIv

Recreational football an absolute winner for 55- to 70-year-olds with prediabetes

(University of Southern Denmark Faculty of Health Sciences) Twice-weekly football combined with dietary guidance improves fitness level and cardiovascular health profile in untrained 55- to 70-yr-old women and men with prediabetes. They can also lose weight in a healthier way than with normal dieting.This is the conclusion of the world's first trial involving football and dietary guidance in older prediabetics, carried out in the Faroe Islands by football researchers and physiologists from the Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics at the University of Southern Denmark.

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ScienceOpen indexes >1,000 articles from ARPHA-hosted journals RIO & Check List in a trial

(Pensoft Publishers) Two scholarly journals published on ARPHA -- Research Ideas and Outcomes (RIO Journal) and Check List -- now have their articles fed to the community-focused search and discovery platform ScienceOpen. This new trial between the two high-tech innovators and open-science proponents presents an important step forward to making research publications not only easier to find and access, but also more inviting to fellow scientists seeking new collaborations and platforms for voicing their ideas and expertise.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2H2srqu

Social pursuits linked with increased life satisfaction

(Association for Psychological Science) If you want to give a little boost to your life satisfaction a year from now, you may want to try socially-focused strategies over strategies that involve nonsocial pursuits, according to research published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

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We could reverse aging by removing wrinkles inside our cells, study suggests

(University of Virginia Health System) A new discovery about the effects of aging in our cells could allow doctors to cure or prevent diabetes, fatty liver disease and other metabolic diseases -- and possibly even turn back the clock on aging itself.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2ISfo0G

Out in the cold or one of the gang: Initial contacts set the scene

(University of Zurich) Ostracism within a group is not always a disciplining tool. Rather, it can be an unintentional side effect of people joining up with individuals they have previously had good experiences with, researchers from the Department of Economics of the University of Zurich have found.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2kwY9n1

The Mitral Valve Meeting is joining PCR London Valves Course in 2019

(PCR) PCR London Valves, the world's leading Heart Team Course, welcomes the Zurich-based Mitral Valve Meeting (MVM) to reinforce the mitral and tricuspid tracks in the program. MVM's is known for such dedicated educational concepts as the 'Hands-On Workshop' or HeartLab which will add new dimensions to the PCR educational experience.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2sn69uq

Fire-resistant steel buildings in the frame for QUT

(Queensland University of Technology) QUT Engineering Professor Mahen Mahendran has been awarded a quarter-of-a-million dollar grant from the Australian Research Council (ARC), to investigate the fire resistance of common pre-fabricated steel wall systems, with the project ultimately aiming to improve the safety of newly-constructed buildings.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2shgXLh

Socioeconomic differences in prehospital stroke treatment

(University of Gothenburg) New research indicates that emergency responses to stroke before the patient has reached the hospital differ, depending on the patients' socioeconomic status. For groups of patients with less education and lower income, more time passes before the diagnosis is made, which can affect the efficacy of health care interventions.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2sltY5K

Blackcurrant dye could make hair coloring safer, more sustainable

(American Chemical Society) Whether they're trying to hide some gray or embrace a new or quirky color, people adore hair dyes. But some of these dyes may be harmful to humans and the environment. Now in a study appearing in ACS' Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, scientists report that they have developed a natural, non-toxic hair dye derived from blackcurrant skins that is as durable as conventional dyes and capable of sustaining hair color through multiple washings.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JapkSy

Infant mortality rates higher in areas with more Christian fundamentalists, study finds

(Portland State University) The odds of an infant dying before their first birthday are higher in counties with greater proportions of conservative Protestants, especially fundamentalists, than in counties with more mainline Protestants and Catholics, according to a new Portland State University study.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2L58jXg

Researchers see role of 'imaginativeness' in new business success

(Washington State University) Visionary entrepreneurs fare best with not one but three types of imagination: creative, social and practical.

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Responding to 'deaths of despair' -- call for a national resilience strategy

(Wolters Kluwer Health) Startling increases in nationwide deaths from drug overdoses, alcohol, and suicides constitute a public health crisis -- spurring an urgent call for a National Resilience Strategy to stem these 'deaths of despair.' The proposal is outlined in a special commentary in the Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, published in the Lippincott portfolio by Wolters Kluwer.

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Oxytocin, vasopressin flatten social hierarchy and synchronize behaviors

(University of Pennsylvania) Research out of the University of Pennsylvania found that the neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin flatten the social hierarchy and synchronize behaviors of rhesus macaques. The work has the potential to lead to new therapies and treatment alternatives for social impairments in disorders like autism and schizophrenia.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2kv4Wh8

NIST study shows face recognition experts perform better with AI as partner

(National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)) Scientists from NIST and three universities have tested the accuracy of professional face identifiers, experts who often play a crucial role in criminal cases. The team found that these trained human beings perform best with a computer as a partner, not another person.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2sfTlqg

Sex hormone levels may affect heart disease risk in post-menopausal women

(American College of Cardiology) In post-menopausal women, having a higher blood level of a male hormone (testosterone) and a higher ratio of the male-type to-female type (estrogen) of hormones is associated with a higher risk of heart disease later in life, according to research published today in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

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Homeless populations at high risk to develop cardiovascular disease

(American College of Cardiology) Among homeless individuals cardiovascular disease remains one of the major causes of death due to challenges in predicting initial risk, limited access to health care and difficulties in long-term management, according to a review published today in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2GWIRR6

The logic of modesty -- why it pays to be humble

(Institute of Science and Technology Austria) Why do people make anonymous donations, and why does the public perceive this as admirable? A team of scientists, consisting of Christian Hilbe, a postdoc at IST Austria, Moshe Hoffman, and Martin Nowak, both at Harvard University, has developed a novel game theoretic model that captures these behaviors and enables their study. Their new model is the first to include the idea that hidden signals, when discovered, provide additional information about the sender.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2seZ9QX

Genes, environment and schizophrenia: new study finds the placenta is the missing link

(Burness) New research shines a spotlight on the placenta's critical role in the nature versus nurture debate and how it confers risk for schizophrenia and likely other neurodevelopmental disorders including ADHD, autism, and Tourette syndrome. This new scientific frontier, with far-reaching implications for maternal and child health, creates the possibility that scientists can more accurately predict who is at risk of mental illness, and develop strategies to prevent or lessen their occurrence by increasing the resiliency and health of the placenta.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2GXP3IL

Clinical trial enrollment favors men

(European Society of Cardiology) Clinical trial enrolment favours men, according to a study presented today at Heart Failure 2018 and the World Congress on Acute Heart Failure, a European Society of Cardiology congress.1 The study found that fewer women meet eligibility criteria for trials of heart failure medication.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2L24SAE

$2.3 million grant will fund research on oxytocin neurons and social behavior

(Penn State) A team of Penn State researchers is planning to create a new map of the brain that will establish a neural circuit diagram of oxytocin, a compound often associated with affection and emotional behavior. Researchers hope the map will give them insight into how oxytocin in the brain drives social behavior.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2s96mSs

Study reveals gaps in follow-up care after concussion

(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) Being discharged from a hospital trauma center after receiving treatment for a traumatic brain injury (TBI) does not necessarily mean that a patient has fully recovered. TBI can lead to long-lasting physical and cognitive symptoms, but a new study in JAMA Network Open suggests that many patients may not be receiving follow-up care.

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Infantilism as a norm

(National Research University Higher School of Economics) Views on human age need to be revisited. The value of adulthood as a period of certainty has declined for many, which means that this period is being delayed. The processes of personality development vary, and adults are preserving signs of infantilism. HSE University experts, Elena Sabelnikova and Natalia Khmeleva, suggest a new way of looking at the phenomenon of infantilism in their paper Infantilism: Theoretical Construct and Operationalization which avoids a 'judgemental'.

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NIH summit delivers recommendations to speed therapy development for Alzheimer's disease

(NIH/National Institute on Aging) The National Institute on Aging today released recommendations providing a roadmap for an integrated, multidisciplinary research agenda to inform priorities for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. The recommendations are designed to guide continued efforts to build a collaborative, multi-stakeholder research environment capable of delivering urgently needed cures for people at all stages of the disease.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IPaRrY

mHealth as effective as clinic-based intervention for people with serious mental illness

(American Psychiatric Association) A mobile health (mHealth) intervention was found to be as effective as a clinic-based group intervention for people with serious mental illness in a new study published online today in Psychiatric Services. In a randomized controlled trial, researchers compared an mHealth approach (FOCUS), using mobile phones to deliver intervention, to a more traditional clinic-based group intervention, the Wellness Recovery Action Plan (WRAP).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KUuBuQ

'Deforestation-free' palm oil not as simple as it sounds

(Imperial College London) Genuinely 'deforestation-free' palm oil products are problematic to guarantee, according to a new study.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2kqR72Y

New platform for analyzing global trade in the last two centuries

(Universidad Carlos III de Madrid) Researchers for the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), in collaboration with the University of Pisa (Italy), have created an interactive geo-referenced database which is able to analyse global trade in the last two centuries. Thanks to this new platform it is possible to more accurately assign a date to the first economic globalisation, which occurred much earlier than previously thought: in the 1830s.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2kpwmos

Goal conflict linked to psychological distress

(University of Exeter) Being torn about which personal goals to pursue is associated with symptoms of psychological distress, new research shows.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2J2v5BR

Aggression neurons identified

(Karolinska Institutet) High activity in a relatively poorly studied group of brain cells can be linked to aggressive behaviour in mice, a new study from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden shows. Using optogenetic techniques, the researchers were able to control aggression in mice by stimulating or inhibiting these cells. The results, which are published in the scientific journal Nature Neuroscience, contribute to a new understanding of the biological mechanisms behind aggressive behaviour.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2sc86tr

Doctors fail to flag concussion patients for critical follow-up

(University of California - San Francisco) As evidence builds of more long-term effects linked to concussion, a nationwide study led by scientists at UCSF and the University of Southern California has found that more than half of the patients seen at top-level trauma centers may fall off the radar shortly after diagnosis, placing in jeopardy treatments for these long-term effects.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2sdv3wf

Majority of premature infants still exposed to early antibiotics

(JAMA Network) Most premature infants, who are at risk for sepsis but who may not have a culture confirmation of infection, continue to receive early antibiotics in the first few days of life, a finding that suggests neonatal antibiotic stewardship efforts are needed to help clinicians identify infants at lowest risk for infection to avoid unnecessary antibiotic exposure.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IJpotg

Most concussion patients fall under the radar after ER visit

(University of Southern California) Research supported by the NIH and led by 65 scientists across the United States reveals a lack of follow-up with patients who have suffered a mild traumatic brain injury, even among patients who experience persistent, long-term symptoms after they leave the hospital.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2sdCu6I

Which role does the brain play in prosocial behavior?

(Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience - KNAW) This study suggests that our tactile cortices, primarily evolved to perceive touch and pain on our body, have an important social function. They contribute to prosocial decision-making by helping to transform the sight of bodily harm into an accurate feeling for how much pain the victim experiences. This feeling is necessary to adapt our helping to the needs of others.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2siwudd

USTC reveals the mechanism how moderate sunlight exposure improves learning and memory

(University of Science and Technology of China) USTC researchers have shed new lights on the correlation between sunlight exposure and related neurobehaviors.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2ktKvAV

A study shows that electoral outcomes affect the way we treat other people

(Bocconi University) After the unexpected results of the 2016 US Presidential election, the way Americans treat each other changed as a function of their party affiliation, a new study by Celia Moore (Bocconi University) and colleagues, published in PLOS ONE, documents.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2koKtud

NYU professor replicates famous marshmallow test, makes new observations

(New York University) A new replication study of the well-known 'marshmallow test' -- a famous psychological experiment designed to measure children's self-control -- suggests that being able to delay gratification at a young age may not be as predictive of later life outcomes as was previously thought.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KRWFyQ

People with dementia more likely to go missing

(Queensland University of Technology) The tendency of people with dementia to wander and become lost has led QUT researchers to recommend a 'Silver Alert' system, similar to Amber Alerts for missing children, be activated when someone with the diagnosis of dementia is reported lost.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2GO0J0R

Heart doctors call for permission to provide therapy to stroke patients

(European Society of Cardiology) Heart doctors from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Council on Stroke are calling on national health authorities for permission to provide stroke patients with mechanical thrombectomy, a life-saving treatment for acute ischaemic stroke, in regions where there is a lack of trained specialists. Details of the proposal are presented today at EuroPCR 2018.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2s5R94I

Kessler Foundation study compares neuropsychological tests for assessing deficits in MS

(Kessler Foundation) Kessler Foundation researchers compared two neuropsychological tests for assessing learning in individuals with multiple sclerosis. 'Comparing the Open Trial - Selective Reminding Test results with the California Learning Verbal Test II in Multiple Sclerosis' was published online on April 4, 2018, in Applied Neuropsychology: Adult. This is the first study to compare the two tests in the same individuals with MS.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KSmwXg

The secret to honing kids' language and literacy

(Michigan State University) Research from Michigan State University found that a child's ability to self-regulate is a critical element in childhood language and literacy development, and that the earlier they can hone these skills, the faster language and literacy skills develop leading to better skills in the long run.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2LtAIaw

Montana State prof wins Fulbrights, $3.12 million for work with indigenous communities

(Montana State University) Beth Rink has won a five-year, $3.12 million grant for a sexual and reproductive health program for American Indian youth on the Fort Peck Reservation. Rink also has been named a Fulbright Arctic Initiative Scholar to help advance Arctic nations.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KRSvqH

New study highlights opportunity to restore abundance to Hawaiian reef fisheries

(University of Hawaii at Manoa) A recently published study, led by researchers at the University of Hawai'i at Manoa, identified areas in the Hawaiian Islands that would provide the greatest increase in coastal fishery stocks, if effectively managed.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2s4qTYn

Crafting a human niche

(University of Chicago Press Journals) Why it's important to study the deep similarities, and the critical differences, between humans and the apes to seek an anthropological and evolutionary explanation.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IIUM6T

UTIA plant geneticist named Fulbright scholar

(University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture) Hadziabdic Guerry is an assistant professor of fungal and population genetics and biodiversity on the faculty of the University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture. She has recently received a Fulbright Award to the African Regional Research Program to study the frafra potato as an alternative food source for west Africa.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IHUrp7

Don't force women to risk death, injury by having a baby

(Queensland University of Technology) A QUT legal academic says abortion can be decriminalised without society and governments making a moral judgement.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2s9FlOe

How other people affect our interpersonal space

(Anglia Ruskin University) A study has shown for the first time how the size of your interpersonal space can be affected by the tone and content of conversations taking place between other people nearby.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2s6b0ji

Study shows in-home therapy effective for stroke rehabilitation

(University of California - Irvine) Stroke remains a leading cause of human disability and rehabilitation therapy can help. Supervised in-home rehabilitation therapy delivered via telemedicine can be as effective as in-clinic rehabilitation program as an alternative for stroke survivors who can't sustain in-person visits for reasons that may include high cost, difficulty traveling to a provider or few regionally available care providers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2s6aZvK

Life Sciences -- Life Writing Research Training Group receives further funding from the DFG

(Johannes Gutenberg Universitaet Mainz) The Life Sciences - Life Writing Research Training Group at Mainz University will receive financial support to the tune of EUR 2.2 million over the next four and a half years to look at the correlation between new developments in biomedicine and borderline human life experiences.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2J4XpTS

Study finds black Americans face education, income barriers to healthy behaviors

(University of Iowa) A new University of Iowa-led study reports educational opportunities and higher incomes may be key to closing the health gap between most black and white Americans. Researchers say socioeconomic factors, mainly wealth and education, influenced the differences in health behaviors between the groups more than other variables.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2J5YBGP

ULB archaeologists discover a 1,000-year-old mummy in Peru

(Université libre de Bruxelles) A team from the Université libre de Bruxelles's centre for archaeological research (CReA-Patrimoine) has completed a significant excavation in Pachacamac, Peru, where they have discovered an intact mummy in especially good condition. Pachacamac's status as a Pre-Colombian pilgrimage site under the Inca empire. is confirmed by further evidence.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2INUnQV

Geriatrician leads £2.1 million trial into Parkinson's disease

(University of Bristol) A UK-wide trial into Parkinson's disease led by Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol is set to go ahead, thanks to a £2.1 million grant from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KPGL83

Children and adolescents in high-risk environments more likely to become violent adults

(Springer) Children and adolescents who grow up with one or more of these environmental risk factors are likely to resort to violence, aggression and crime as adults, irrespective of an underlying mental illness. This is according to a new study in the journal Molecular Psychiatry, which is published by Springer Nature

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2ILDk1J

Will treating sleep apnea with CPAP improve sexual quality of life?

(JAMA Network) Long-term use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for obstructive sleep apnea was associated an improvement in sexual quality of life for women, but not men.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2LqG6ek

Bursts of brain activity linked to memory reactivation

(Northwestern University) Leading theories propose sleep presents an opportune time for important, new memories to become stabilized. And it's long been known which brain waves are produced during sleep. In a new study, researchers set out to better understand the brain mechanisms that secure memory storage. The team from Northwestern and Princeton universities set out to find more direct and precisely timed evidence for the involvement of one particular sleep wave -- known as the 'sleep spindle.'

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KRioa7

For banded mongooses, 'cultural inheritance' decides what's for dinner

(Cell Press) It's no surprise that people behave differently depending upon what they've learned from other people, from the language they speak to the foods they like to eat. But now researchers reporting in Current Biology on May 24 have found that the same is true of banded mongooses.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2J263Tk

ULB archaeologists discover a 1,000-year-old mummy in Peru

(Université libre de Bruxelles) A team from the Université libre de Bruxelles's centre for archaeological research (CReA-Patrimoine) has completed a significant excavation in Pachacamac, Peru, where they have discovered an intact mummy in especially good condition. Pachacamac's status as a Pre-Colombian pilgrimage site under the Inca empire. is confirmed by further evidence.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2INUnQV

Better together: How ecosystem services and adaptive decision-making can improve land management

(US Geological Survey) An ecosystem services approach combined with adaptive decision-making can aid land and resource managers in administering their regions for the benefit of communities and stakeholders, according to a recent report by the US Geological Survey and Resources for the Future.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Lqkv65

Giant clams tell the story of past typhoons

(Hokkaido University) A highly precise method to determine past typhoon occurrences from giant clam shells has been developed, with the hope of using this method to predict future cyclone activity.

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Cyclist/motorist crashes worse at stop/give way junctions

(Queensland University of Technology) Cyclists are being more seriously hurt in crashes with motor vehicles at intersections with 'Stop' or 'Give-way' signs than at intersections with traffic signals or without any signage, a study from QUT's Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety -- Queensland has found after examining police records.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IHmxAR

Short bursts of intense exercise are a HIIT, even with less active people

(University of British Columbia Okanagan campus) Matthew Stork, a Ph.D. candidate in the school of Health and Exercise Sciences at UBC's Okanagan campus recently completed a study comparing inactive people's feelings and enjoyment of HIIT to traditional long-duration aerobic exercise. He found that inactive people who tried the high intensity exercise for the first time found it just as enjoyable as traditional exercise.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2J673Wo

Using Facebook to help young adults quit smoking

(University of California - San Francisco) A national clinical trial testing a smoking cessation intervention for young adults that was conducted entirely on Facebook has found that smokers are 2.5 times more likely to quit after three months with the Facebook-based treatment than if they were referred to an online quit-smoking program.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KQ7S2N

South Asian-Americans at higher risk for heart disease and stroke

(Rush University Medical Center) South Asians living in the United States are more likely to die of heart conditions caused by atherosclerosis, such as heart attacks and strokes, than East Asians and non-Hispanic whites in the US.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2J4AfNq

Lack of paid sick leave increases poverty

(Florida Atlantic University) A new study has quantified, for the first time, the relationship between lack of paid sick leave and poverty in the US. The data indicates that, even when controlling for education, race, sex, marital status and employment, working adults without paid sick leave are three times more likely to have incomes below the poverty line. People without paid sick leave benefits also are more likely to experience food insecurity and require welfare services.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2GN8MLb

Why we won't get to Mars without teamwork

(American Psychological Association) If humanity hopes to make it to Mars anytime soon, we need to understand not just technology, but the psychological dynamic of a small group of astronauts trapped in a confined space for months with no escape, according to a paper published in American Psychologist, the flagship journal of the American Psychological Association.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2J1IxWy

Each hour of delay in detecting abnormal lactates in patients with sepsis increases the odds of in-hospital death

(Elsevier) Because of a known association between elevated lactate levels and increased mortality, sepsis guidelines mandate that lactate levels should be tested soon after the onset of sepsis. A new study in the journal CHEST® found that a significant proportion of patients with suspected sepsis do not have their lactates measured within the recommended timeframe. These patients experienced delayed antibiotic therapy and IV fluid administration, as well as increased risk of in-hospital death.

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Change the face of nanoparticles and you'll rule chemistry!

(Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences) Depending on the lighting, the surface of appropriately crafted nanoparticles can change its topography. Researchers from the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences have shown that the molecular mechanism they have designed makes it possible, by the use of light, to effectively uncover or hide catalyst molecules. The technique they present leads to qualitatively new possibilities to control the course of chemical reactions.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2s33MgZ

Researchers challenge genetic tests for guiding psychiatric treatment

(McLean Hospital) The paper reviewed the scientific basis and effectiveness of pharmacogenetic (Pgen) tests in guiding the choices and doses of psychiatric medications for treating major depressive disorder (MDD) and related psychiatric conditions.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2s6ZNzg

Fleet of autonomous boats could service cities to reduce road traffic

(Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Researchers from MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) and the Senseable City Lab in the Department of Urban Studies and Planning (DUSP), have designed a fleet of autonomous boats that offer high maneuverability and precise control. The boats can also be rapidly 3-D printed using a low-cost printer, making mass manufacturing more feasible.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IFURfS

Boys continue to lag behind in reading

(Norwegian University of Science and Technology) When boys start school, they recognize fewer letters and their corresponding sounds than girls do. The difference is just as great at the end of the school year.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2GK8OTV

Early-life obesity impacts children's learning and memory, study suggests

(Brown University) A new study by Brown University epidemiologists found that children on the threshold of obesity or overweight in the first two years of life had lower perceptual reasoning and working memory scores than lean children when tested at ages five and eight. The study also indicated that IQ scores may be lower for higher-weight children.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2LoYDYO

Fossilized feces reveal Early Cretaceous aquatic vertebrate diversity

(PLOS) Ancient fossils feces found in central Spain belonged to fish-eating carnivores from the Early Cretaceous, according to a study published on May 23, 2018, in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Sandra Barrios de Pedro from the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain, and colleagues.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2KLPacU

Study: Strenuous exercise in adolescence may ward off height loss later in life

(University at Buffalo) A new study has identified several key factors in postmenopausal women that are associated with height loss, a common occurrence in this age group that is known to increase the risk for death and disease.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xg2ioP

Study highlights environmental cost of tearing down Vancouver's single-family homes

(University of British Columbia) Rising property values in Vancouver have resulted in the demolition of an unprecedented number of single-family homes in recent years, many of which were replaced with the same type of structure. Despite the better energy performance of the new homes, this cycle is likely to increase overall greenhouse gas emissions, according to new analysis from researchers at the University of British Columbia and MountainMath Software.

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BU: Religious refusal laws harm sexual minority mental health

(Boston University School of Medicine) A new study led by a Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH) researcher has found that state laws permitting the denial of services to same-sex couples because of religious or moral beliefs harm the mental health of sexual minority adults in those states.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2x8CYkg

Dengue: Investigating antibodies to identify at-risk individuals

(Institut Pasteur) Using an original mathematical and statistical analysis method, a team of scientists from the Institut Pasteur partnered with researchers from the United States and Thailand to analyze a Thai cohort in order to help identify individuals at risk of infection. By modeling changes in antibody levels after successive infections with the different dengue serotypes, the scientists were able to establish the profile of these individuals. The findings will be published online in Nature on May 23, 2018 (AOP).

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Self-consistency influences how we make decisions

(eLife ) When making decisions, our perception is influenced by judgments we have made in the past as a way of remaining consistent with ourselves, suggests new research published in eLife.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2J2ArNa

Perceived socioeconomic status can affect how old we feel

(North Carolina State University) A recent study finds that how older adults perceive their socioeconomic status influences how old they feel and their attitudes toward aging. Specifically, the lower people deem their relative socioeconomic status, the worse they feel about growing older.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KQvHrA

ECDC and EMCDDA make the case for active case finding of communicable diseases in prison

(European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) ) What are the most (cost-) effective ways to prevent and control communicable diseases in prison settings? In their Guidance ECDC and the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, present the evidence on active case finding as key measure to diagnose communicable diseases early. The two agencies advise to actively offer testing for hepatitis B and C and HIV to all people in prison and to conduct universal testing for tuberculosis at prison entry.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2J0Zr7H

Andy Slavitt to receive national award From the American College of Physicians

(American College of Physicians) The American College of Physicians (ACP) will award Andy Slavitt the Joseph F. Boyle Award for Distinguished Public Service.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2s3cNGX

People with family history of alcoholism release more dopamine in expectation of alcohol

(Elsevier) People with a family history of alcohol use disorder (AUD) release more dopamine in the brain's main reward center in response to the expectation of alcohol than people diagnosed with the disorder, or healthy people without any family history of AUD, reports a new study in Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging.

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Cultivating cannabis

(American Chemical Society) Not long ago, cannabis growers learned their trade mainly by trial and error, passing along tips to others behind a veil of secrecy. But with expanding legalization of cannabis in the US, this situation is changing. According to an article in Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN), the weekly news magazine of the American Chemical Society, cannabis growers are starting to benefit from increased communication and scientific research about the plant and its cultivation.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IIqrWf

Helping dental retainers and aligners fight off bacteria

(American Chemical Society) Clear, plastic aligners have been growing in popularity as alternatives to bulky, metal braces. And once the teeth are straightened, patients graduate to plastic retainers to maintain the perfect smile. But these appliances can become contaminated, so one group is now reporting in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces that they have developed a film to prevent bacteria from growing on them.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2GIBHQE

Preserving a painter's legacy with nanomaterials

(American Chemical Society) Paintings by Vincent van Gogh, Pablo Picasso and Johannes Vermeer have been delighting art lovers for years. But it turns out that these works of art might be their own worst enemy -- the canvases they were painted on can deteriorate over time. In an effort to combat this aging process, one group is reporting in ACS Applied Nano Materials that nanomaterials can provide multiple layers of reinforcement. 

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KLZphg

Social media posts may signal whether a protest will become violent

(University of Southern California) The study also finds that people are more likely to condone using violence to defend their beliefs when they think others share their moral values.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KNBWfu

Why an upcoming appointment makes us less productive

(Ohio State University) You've got a full hour until your next meeting. But you probably won't make the most of that time, new research suggests. In a series of eight studies, both in the lab and real life, researchers found that free time seems shorter to people when it comes before a task or appointment on their calendar.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IEerZP

Research highlights the influence social media marketing has on children's food intake

(University of Liverpool) New research from the University of Liverpool, presented at the European Congress on Obesity today (Wednesday, May 23), highlights the negative influence that social media has on children's food intake.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2J3yQXF

ESRC project investigates why only two percent of preschool staff are male

(Lancaster University) Currently only around two percent of the UK's early childhood education workforce (ECE) are male -- a figure that has remained stubbornly resistant to change for several decades.Now researchers at Lancaster University's Educational Research Department are to investigate, both internationally and in the UK, how men are recruited, supported and retained in the ECE workforce, as teachers and carers for preschool children.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IKYsF9

Chimpanzee calls differ according to context

(Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology) An important question in the evolution of language is what caused animal calls to diversify and to encode different information. A team of scientists led by Catherine Crockford of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology found that chimpanzees use the quiet 'hoo' call in three different behavioural contexts -- alert, travel and rest. The need to stay together in low visibility habitat may have facilitated the evolution of call subtypes.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KOKzGS

Sanofi and Swansea collaborate on UK's first diabetes centre of excellence

(Swansea University) Swansea University Medical School has been chosen as the UK's first Diabetes Centre of Excellence by a global pharmaceutical giant.The Medical School's Joint Clinical Research Facility (JCRF), in collaboration with the Diabetes Research Unit Cymru, has been chosen by the Sanofi Global Network to become the new national centre of excellence.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IIIviW

American 'prepping' culture influenced by media and government fears

(University of Kent) The act of 'prepping' is not driven by delusional fears of society's imminent collapse, but more a response to fears raised by the media and government over short-term, but possible, shocks to society.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2s4Y7pS

Opioid-related adverse drug events common after surgery, associated with worse outcomes

(JAMA Network) Opioid-related adverse drug events were common among patients undergoing surgery  and endoscopy procedures in the hospital and they were associated with worse patient outcomes.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Lr9IID

Münster University archaeologists post research data from Sudan online

(University of Münster) The 'Wadi Abu Dom Itinerary' archaeological project being undertaken at the Institute of Egyptology and Coptology (University of Münster, Germany) is now putting its data online, gathered during field research in Sudan. Academics, as well as anyone in the general public who is interested, can use a geoinformation system to take a look at the findings.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2kihrfL

New papers highlight economic benefits of European-Eurasian economic ties

(International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis) A IIASA-led project looking at economic ties between the European Union (EU) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) has published three new reports offering recommendations to improve economic cooperation despite ongoing political cool-down.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2s2Tspl

Are pain tolerance levels similar among groups of friends?

(De Gruyter) Are your friends very pain tolerant? Then it is likely that you are as well, provided you are a male. A recent study, published in the Scandinavian Journal of Pain, along with an Editorial Comment by Dr. Jeffrey Mogil, published by De Gruyter, shows that there is a positive correlation between the pain tolerance of individuals and that of their friends.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KNgV4A

Why we fail to understand our smartphone use

(Lancaster University) Checking your phone dozens of times a day indicates unconscious behavior, which is 'extremely repetitive' say psychologists. Existing research is yet to conclude whether people really are 'addicted' to their smartphones due to over reliance on people's own estimates or beliefs. But new research into smartphone behavior has revealed that while people underestimate time spent on their smartphones, their behavior is remarkably consistent.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2s2Tn51

Men take shortcuts, while women follow well-known routes

(Springer) When navigating in a known environment, men prefer to take shortcuts to reach their destination more quickly, while women tend to use routes they know. This is according to Alexander Boone of UC Santa Barbara in the US who is lead author of a study that investigated the different ways in which men and women navigate. The research is published in Springer's journal Memory & Cognition.

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Skin responsible for greater exposure to carcinogens in barbecue smoke than lungs

(American Chemical Society) With summer coming, it's only a matter of time before the smells and tastes of barbecued foods dominate the neighborhood. But there's a downside to grilling that can literally get under your skin. In a study appearing in Environmental Science & Technology, scientists report that skin is a more important pathway for uptake of cancer-causing compounds produced during barbecuing than inhalation. They also found that clothing cannot fully protect individuals from this exposure.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2s2yjLI

Space-like gravity weakens biochemical signals in muscle formation

(Hiroshima University) Microgravity conditions affect DNA methylation of muscle cells, slowing their differentiation.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2GJaAVv

Leg exercise is critical to brain and nervous system health

(Frontiers) New research shows that using the legs, particularly in weight-bearing exercise, sends signals to the brain that are vital for the production of healthy neural cells. The groundbreaking study fundamentally alters brain and nervous system medicine -- giving doctors new clues as to why patients with motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy and other neurological diseases often rapidly decline when their movement becomes limited.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2x4JZCP

Critical advice for families to help heart patients

(European Society of Cardiology) When a 50-year-old mother or father returns home after a heart attack, will the whole family adopt a better diet? Is it really necessary? This is an issue facing millions of families each year and one of the many to be addressed next month at EuroHeartCare 2018, the annual congress of the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions (CCNAP) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2x3wYJC

Gauging language proficiency through eye movement

(Massachusetts Institute of Technology) An MIT study indicates eye movement can reveal the proficiency of people reading English as a second language.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2x1F9X1

Decoding digital ownership: Why your e-book might not feel like 'yours'

(University of Arizona) People feel very differently about owning physical books versus e-books, a recent study shows. While stereotypes suggest that younger consumers prefer digital books, that is not actually the case, researchers found.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IZYts9

New tech may make prosthetic hands easier for patients to use

(North Carolina State University) Researchers have developed new technology for decoding neuromuscular signals to control powered, prosthetic wrists and hands. The work relies on computer models that closely mimic the behavior of the natural structures in the forearm, wrist and hand. The technology could also be used to develop new computer interface devices for applications such as gaming and computer-aided design.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2GGQbjU

Downward-facing mouse: stretching reduces tumor growth in mouse model of breast cancer

(Brigham and Women's Hospital) Using a mouse model of breast cancer and a gentle stretching technique, the team evaluated tumor growth as well as changes in molecular signals of immune response and inflammation resolution. Their results appear in Scientific Reports.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2kfnXDX

Closing coal, oil power plants leads to healthier babies

(University of California - Berkeley) While the negative health impacts of pollution from coal- and oil-burning power plants are well-documented, UC Berkeley researchers tested the flip side: do birth outcomes improve following power plant shutdowns. They reviewed state data on preterm births and fertility around eight plants before and after they were retired in California and found 20-25 percent drops in preterm birthrates and an increase in fertility. This provides an argument for replacing such plants with renewable energy sources.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IFVLZT

Study: Ancient mound builders carefully timed their occupation of coastal Louisiana site

(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) A new study of ancient mound builders who lived hundreds of years ago on the Mississippi River Delta near present-day New Orleans offers new insights into how Native peoples selected the landforms that supported their villages and earthen mounds -- and why these sites were later abandoned. (Includes link to video.)

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People with ASD risk being manipulated because they can't tell when they're being lied to

(University of Kent) A new study shows that the ability to distinguish truth from lies is diminished in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) -- putting them at greater risk of being manipulated.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IDzSu3

Study: Ancient mound builders carefully timed their occupation of coastal Louisiana site

(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) A new study of ancient mound builders who lived hundreds of years ago on the Mississippi River Delta near present-day New Orleans offers new insights into how Native peoples selected the landforms that supported their villages and earthen mounds -- and why these sites were later abandoned. (Includes link to video.)

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KNhSKp

Study finds popular 'growth mindset' educational interventions aren't very effective

(Michigan State University) A new study co-authored by researchers at Michigan State University and Case Western Reserve University found that 'growth mindset interventions,' or programs that teach students they can improve their intelligence with effort -- and therefore improve grades and test scores -- don't work for students in most circumstances.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IEkGZu

Subtle hearing loss while young changes brain function, study finds

(Ohio State University) New research from The Ohio State University has found that young people with subtle hearing loss -- the kind they aren't even aware of -- are putting demands on their brains that typically wouldn't be seen until later in life.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IFt8b5

Mice brain structure linked with sex-based differences in anxiety behavior

(Cell Press) Using male individuals has long been a tradition in scientific mice studies. But new research enforces the importance of using a balanced population of male and female mice. In a paper published May 22 in the journal Cell Reports, scientists studying the locus coeruleus brain structure in mice unexpectedly found substantial differences in the molecular structures of this part of the brain between male and female mice.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IHiAIt

How coyotes conquered the continent

(North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences) Using museum specimens and fossil records, researchers have produced a comprehensive (and unprecedented) range history of coyotes that can help reveal the ecology of predation as well as evolution through hybridization.

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The case for not taxing multinationals

(Bocconi University) The habit of taxing Multinational Enterprises (MNEs)' profits is the legacy of a time when "GM had to make cars in Detroit and Hollywood had to make movies in L.A.", but is now inefficient and detrimental to global welfare, a new study by Nicolai Foss, Rodolfo Debenedetti Chair of Entrepreneurship at Bocconi University, and colleagues asserts. The solution would be zeroing corporate tax and replacing it with a hike in taxes on dividends and sales.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2wZzXD2

Under age 13, suicide rates are roughly double for black children vs. white children

(Carnegie Mellon University) A new study published in JAMA Pediatrics shows that racial disparities in suicide rates are age-related. Specifically, suicide rates for black children aged 5-12 were roughly two times higher than those of similarly aged white children.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KK6YF3

New bipartisan legislation highlights better care for us all as we age, AGS

(American Geriatrics Society) The American Geriatrics Society (AGS) today offered a ringing endorsement of the bipartisan Geriatrics Workforce Improvement Act (S. 2888), a proposal in the US Senate to ensure communities across the US have access to health professionals and other critical supports improving care for us all as we age. Introduced by Sens. Susan Collins (R-Maine) and Bob Casey (D-Pa.), the bill echoes similar bipartisan legislation proposed in the US House of Representatives in 2017.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KLrRzE

Lead exposure found to affect fertility rates

(Carnegie Mellon University) New research that examined the impact of exposure to lead (in the air and topsoil) on fertility in the United States has found that exposure matters for both women and men. It is the first study to find causal evidence of the relationship between lead exposure and fertility rates in the 1980s and mid-2000s.

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Power to the people

(University of Utah) The University of Utah College of Engineering has received a $2 million grant to create a laboratory and develop new technology for communities with backup power sources, known as microgrids, so they can quickly and more securely operate in the event of a massive power outage due to a natural disaster. Researchers will develop better computerized controllers for microgrids that will be faster and more secure to cyberattacks.

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In brain stimulation therapy less might be more

(Bar-Ilan University) Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate a new insight for optimizing rTMS, one of the common non-invasive magnetic brain stimulation therapies used to treat brain disorders such as depression and neuropathic pain.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2ICeoJX

The nature of the Ebola virus responsible for the 9th epidemic currently raging in the DRC character

(INSERM (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale)) The National Institute for Biomedical Research (INRB) of Kinshasa and Inserm have characterized the nature of the Ebola virus responsible for the 9th epidemic currently raging in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The strain identified is the so-called Ebola Zaire strain.Identify the virus circulating in RDC represented a major stake because the use of a vaccinal strategy is possible only if the origin of the circulating virus is identical to that contained in the vaccine.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2x1VjzA

Seduction: An industry selling men and women short

(University of York) An industry training men in the art of seduction -- estimated to be worth $100 million USD -- encourages its clients to treat women and themselves as commodities in a sexual marketplace, a new study has found.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2GDHV4c

New PLOS channel for the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) community

(PLOS) PLOS, in collaboration with GARDP, is delighted to announce the launch of the Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Channel during the World Health Assembly, Geneva. This new channel offers the AMR research community access to the latest research, as well as commentaries, blogs, news and discussions that span science, research and development, policy and public health in the fight against AMR.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2LkWJs1

Report of interventional cardiology practice presented in first extensive survey

(European Society of Cardiology) A report on interventional cardiology practice from an extensive survey is presented today at EuroPCR 2018, the annual meeting of the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), a branch of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2GIUMSQ

Oxytocin mediates subjective duration of social interactions

(Chinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters) Psychologists ZHOU Wen, JIANG Yi and their colleagues at the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, probed this issue by examining individuals' temporal perception of social interactions and the variation among individuals, noting the gregarious nature of humans, the ubiquity of social interactions in daily life and the pronounced interindividual differences in social proficiency -- a stable personality trait.

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International award for QUT Head of Nursing

(Queensland University of Technology) An Australian pioneer in improving the quality of life for people with cancer has become the first person outside of North American to receive the prestigious Distinguished Researcher award from the international Oncology Nursing Society. The award was presented to QUT's Professor Patsy Yates in Washington DC on the weekend.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IYXDvN

Schizophrenics' blood has more genetic material from microbes

(Oregon State University) The blood of schizophrenia patients features genetic material from more types of microorganisms than that of people without the debilitating mental illness.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2kdScLx

Eating at night, sleeping by day swiftly alters key blood proteins

(University of Colorado at Boulder) The first human study to look at how blood proteins vary over a 24-hour-period identified 30 with distinct time-of-day patterns and more than 100 that are disrupted by simulated night shift work

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IGAUS9

MDI Biological Laboratory establishes scientific innovation fund

(Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory) The MDI Biological Laboratory has announced the establishment of the William Procter Scientific Innovation Fund in honor of William Procter (1873-1951), a businessman, entrepreneur and scientist. The fund will provide up to $50,000 annually to full-time faculty members, students or research fellows at the MDI Biological Laboratory or its spinoffs to support areas including high-risk/high impact research, basic scientific research with potential for commercialization and education programs focused on translating scientific discoveries into commercial applications.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IAB8On

Perceived trustworthiness helps women entrepreneurs with crowdfunding backers

(Louisiana State University) Female entrepreneurs have been at a disadvantage when seeking financial backing from traditional sources, but new research shows that crowdfunding investors view them as more trustworthy, making female-led projects more likely to secure support through crowdfunding platforms.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2rXWQS6

Personalizing therapeutic brain stimulation

(Society for Neuroscience) A study of epilepsy patients with implanted electrodes provides an unprecedented view of the changes in brain activity created by electrical stimulation. These findings, published in Journal of Neuroscience, have the potential to improve noninvasive stimulation approaches toward the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Single 'clock' syncs action and perception

(Society for Neuroscience) A difficult task that requires participants to determine which of two stimuli appears first demonstrates how varying rhythms of brain activity may be synchronized to achieve a stable sense of time. The research is published in eNeuro.

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Smog laid bare: Precise analysis of the composition of particulate matter

(Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences) Smog is a problem. But the knowledge about its constituents -- no longer. Researchers from several leading Warsaw scientific institutions have joined forces and developed a new, extremely precise method for the chemical analysis of suspended particulate matter. The method, easily adaptable in many modern laboratories, not only determines the chemical composition of compounds, but even recognizes changes in the spatial distribution of atoms in molecules.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2IBICN3