Alcohol causes significant harm to those other than the drinker

(Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs) Each year, one in five US adults -- an estimated 53 million people -- experience harm because of someone else's drinking, according to new research in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs.

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Early warning signs of eating disorder revealed

(Swansea University) Early warning signs that someone may have an eating disorder have been revealed in a large-scale data study conducted by Swansea University researchers. The results, published in the British Journal of Psychiatry by the Royal College of Psychiatrists, showed that people diagnosed with a disorder had higher rates of other conditions and of prescriptions in the years before their diagnosis. The findings may give doctors a better chance of detecting eating disorders earlier.

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What makes a good excuse work? A Cambridge philosopher may have the answer

(University of Cambridge) The things we appeal to when making excuses are myriad: tiredness, stress, a looming work deadline, a wailing infant. But what do these various excuses have in common that allows us to recognize them all as plausible? A researcher from Cambridge University has suggested that the answers lie in what they all tell us about our underlying motivation. When excuses are permissible, it's because they show that while we acted wrongly, our underlying moral intentions were adequate.

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New study reveals biological toll on brain function of Holocaust survivors

(Spink Health) The novel research, due to be presented at the 5th European Academy of Neurology (EAN) Congress, found that surviving the Holocaust had a life-long psychological and biological effect with grey matter reduction affecting the parts of their brain responsible for stress response, memory, motivation, emotion, learning, and behavior.

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How the 2019 eclipse will differ from 2017’s — and what that means for science

This year’s total solar eclipse is visible late in the day from a relatively small slice of South America.

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One in 10 people have 'near-death' experiences, according to new study

(Spink Health) The new findings were presented at the 5th European Academy of Neurology (EAN) Congress. Experiences most frequently reported by participants in their study included: abnormal time perception (87 per cent), exceptional speed of thought (65 per cent), exceptionally vivid senses (63 per cent) and feeling separated from, or out of their body (53 per cent).

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Moments of clarity in dementia patients at end of life: Glimmers of hope?

(Michigan Medicine - University of Michigan) It happens unexpectedly: a person long thought lost to the ravages of dementia, unable to recall the events of their lives or even recognize those closest to them, will suddenly wake up and exhibit surprisingly normal behavior, only to pass away shortly thereafter. This phenomenon, which experts refer to as terminal or paradoxical lucidity, has been reported since antiquity, yet there have been very few scientific studies of it. That may be about to change.

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Amphibians infected by ranavirus found in Atlantic rain forest

(Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) Ranavirus is linked to amphibian decline or extinction in other parts of the world, but in Brazil, it has been reported only in captive animals.

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Is climate change causing Europe’s intense heat? A scientist weighs in

Science News talks with climate scientist Karsten Haustein about attributing extreme heat events in Europe and South Asia to climate change.

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What can trigger violence in postcolonial Africa?

(University of Rochester) Why do civil wars and coups d'état occur more frequently in some sub-Saharan African countries than others. What makes violence more likely? A University of Rochester study finds the origins in precolonial political organization. In short, African countries that include ethnic groups that were organized as states prior to European colonization are at much higher risk for violence.

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University researchers find WhatsApp can be good for our health

(Edge Hill University) Academics at Edge Hill University have found that spending time on social media, specifically WhatsApp, is good for our wellbeing.Dr Linda Kaye, a senior lecturer in Psychology found that the text-based messaging app, which offers users group chat functions, has a positive impact on psychological wellbeing.The research found that the more time people spent on WhatApp per day, the less lonely they were and the higher their self-esteem as a result of feeling closer to friends and family.

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Scientists find thirdhand smoke affects cells in humans

(University of California - Riverside) Thirdhand smoke can damage epithelial cells in the respiratory system by stressing cells and causing them to fight for survival, a research team led by scientists at the University of California, Riverside, has found. The finding could assist physicians treating patients exposed to thirdhand smoke.

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Teens who can describe negative emotions can stave off depression

(University of Rochester) Teenagers who can describe their negative emotions in precise and nuanced ways are better protected against depression than their peers who can't. That's the conclusion of a new study about negative emotion differentiation, or NED--the ability to make fine-grained distinctions between negative emotions and apply precise labels.

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The birth of a new discipline: Low-energy Visible Light IoT Systems

(IMDEA Networks Institute) The new ENLIGHT'EM project, coordinated by IMDEA Networks Institute, is set to use Visible Light Communications (VLC) technology to bring connectivity and sustainable ubiquitous communication networks to every LED bulb.

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Opioids study shows high-risk counties across the country, suggests local solutions

(University of Michigan) Dozens of counties in the Midwest and South are at the highest risk for opioid deaths in the United States, say University of Michigan researchers.

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Birth, child outcomes associated with moms using opioids during pregnancy

(JAMA Network) In utero exposure to opioids was associated with higher risks for short- and long-term adverse outcomes including preterm birth and neurodevelopmental and physical health disorders in children. This observational study analyzed clinical and epidemiological data for a group of 8,509 mother-child pairs collected at birth starting in 1998, and 3,153 children who continued to be followed after birth up to age 21 years old.

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Medically unnecessary ambulance rides soar after ACA expansion

(University of Colorado Denver) CU Denver researcher discovered that medically unnecessary ambulance rides have drastically increased due to the expansion of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Dispatches for minor injuries like abrasions and muscle sprains have risen by 37% in NYC, an increase equivalent to approximately 239 additional dispatches a month, or 2,868 per year. When patients bear a smaller portion of the cost, researchers argue, they will be more likely to use an ambulance in less emergent situations.

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Study: Society pays heavy price for failure to diagnose and treat conduct disorder

(Louisiana State University) A new study published in Nature Reviews reviewed evidence from research conducted around the world and estimated the prevalence of conduct disorder to be around 3 percent in school-aged children and a leading cause of referral to child and adolescent mental health services. Yet paradoxically it is one of the least widely recognized or studied psychiatric disorders, and funding for research into it lags far behind many other childhood disorders.

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Researchers look to unlock post-traumatic stress disorder puzzle

(Penn State) A team of Penn State and University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine researchers is attempting to answer a question that has long puzzled experts: Why do some individuals suffer post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after experiencing trauma, and others do not?

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Women vs. men -- Tactical efficiency in football

(German Sport University) In modern football, tactics are relevant across all age groups and performance levels. Yet for a long time they have received little attention in the training process. This is why tactical performance today offers such enormous potential. In a new project, sport scientists at the German Sport University Cologne have been comparing the soccer-specific tactical performance of male and female players in Europe with the help of position data. The study is sponsored by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA).

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My health: consumers empowered by sharing medical 'selfies'

(Queensland University of Technology) Taking medical 'selfies' and sharing them with a doctor empowers and reassures healthcare consumers, and can improve doctor-patient relationships, a two-part study led by Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia has found. The findings have been published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research.

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How to improve corporate social and environmental responsibility

(University of California - Riverside) New research led by the University of California, Riverside shows NGOs are more likely to sway companies into ethical behavior with carefully targeted reports that consider a range of factors affecting the companies and industries. The report also finds that too much pressure can actually backfire. The study suggests that vertical integration, where companies own and control all steps of the production process, can be economically feasible and promote responsible sourcing throughout an industry.

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Students chowing down tuna in dining halls are unaware of mercury exposure risks

(University of California - Santa Cruz) Some students are helping themselves to servings of tuna well beyond the amounts recommended to avoid consuming too much mercury. Researchers surveyed students on their tuna consumption habits and knowledge of mercury exposure risks, and also measured the mercury levels in hair samples. Hair mercury levels were closely correlated with how much tuna the students said they ate. And for some, the measurements were above what is considered a 'level of concern.'

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Latest claim of turning hydrogen into a metal may be the most solid yet

If true, the study would complete a decades-long quest to find the elusive material. But such claims have been made prematurely many times before.

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The earliest known galaxy merger occurred shortly after the Big Bang

Telescopes show two distant blobs of stars and gas swirling around each other in the young universe.

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Pink noise boosts deep sleep in mild cognitive impairment patients

(Northwestern University) Gentle sound stimulation played during deep sleep enhanced deep sleep for people with mild cognitive impairment, who are at risk for Alzheimer's disease, a new study found. Those whose brains responded the most robustly to the sound stimulation showed an improved memory response the following day. These results suggest improving sleep is a promising novel approach to stave off dementia. The technology can be adapted for home use.

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Brain structure determines individual differences regarding music sensitivity

(University of Barcelona) The white matter structure in the brain reflects music sensitivity, according to a study by the research group on Cognition and Brain Plasticity of the Institute of Neurosciences of the University of Barcelona (UB) and the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (UB-IDIBELL).

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NJIT, Penn College awarded nearly $8 million to develop apprenticeship programs

(New Jersey Institute of Technology) The US Department of Labor has awarded a $7,996,530 grant to New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) and Pennsylvania College of Technology to develop industry-driven strategies for apprenticeships in advanced manufacturing fields.

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Autism health challenges could be explained by problem behaviors

(University of Missouri-Columbia) For years, researchers have documented both gastrointestinal issues and problematic behaviors, such as aggression, in many children with autism spectrum disorder.

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All ARPHA-hosted journals indexed in Transpose to support transparency in journal policies

(Pensoft Publishers) All open-access, peer-reviewed academic titles of Pensoft's, as well as those using the white-label publishing solution provided by the scholarly publishing platform ARPHA, have their journal policy data fed into the Transpose database, in order to increase their discoverability and transparency. Thanks to the recent integration with the community-sourced initiative Transpose, details about each journal's approach to peer review, co-review and preprint publication can be easily accessed, navigated and compared through a user-friendly interface.

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Health disparity for blacks exists within lung screening guidelines

(Vanderbilt University Medical Center) Guidelines that determine which smokers qualify for CT scans are excluding a significant number of African Americans who develop lung cancer, according to a study released today in JAMA Oncology.

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Evaluation of USPSTF lung cancer screening guidelines for African-American smokers

(JAMA Network) An observational study suggests the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) lung cancer screening guidelines may be too conservative for African-American smokers and that some eligibility criteria changes could result in more screenings of African-American smokers at high risk for lung cancer. The study looked at new lung cancer cases in a predominantly low-income and African-American population group to assess their eligibility for lung cancer screening using the USPSTF criteria.

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One simple change cut unnecessary imaging for cancer patients in half

(University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine) Most 'nudges' seek to increase a behavior, but this is one of the few employed to reduce it.

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Men ask most of the questions at scientific conferences; we can choose to change that

(Cell Press) Even in a majority-women audience at an academic conference, men ask questions most of the time, researchers report on June 27, 2019 in The American Journal of Human Genetics. After analyzing participation in Q&As at the American Society of Human Genetics and Biology of Genomes conferences over four years, the study authors found that public discussion and policy change focused on gender equity can make a significant difference.

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Antioxidants may encourage the spread of lung cancer rather than prevent it

Antioxidants protect lung cancer cells from free radicals, but also spur metastasis, two new studies suggest.

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Some ancient crocodiles may have chomped on plants instead of meat

Fossil teeth of extinct crocodilyforms suggest that some ate plants and that herbivory evolved at least three times in crocs of the Mesozoic Era.

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Do you feel the other closer to you when she/he contingently responds to your action?

(Toyohashi University of Technology) Researchers from University of Toyama and Toyohashi University of Technology have found that social contingency modulates one's perceptual representation of the environment. Participants who could display an image of a smiling person with the button press were found to perceive an afterimage of the same person smaller than participants who were unable to display the smiling image. Thus, when one's own action affects another's reaction, the perceptual distance between self and other will shorten.

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Infant mortality is higher for low-skilled parents

(Aarhus University) Infants of women with a short-term education are more likely to die within the first year of life. In more than half of cases, the cause of death is premature childbirth and low foetal weight. This is shown by research from Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital.

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Children living in countryside outperform children living in metropolitan area in motor skills

(University of Jyväskylä - Jyväskylän yliopisto) Residential density is related to children's motor skills, engagement in outdoor play and organised sports. that Finnish children living in the countryside spent more time outdoors and had better motor skills than their age peers in the metropolitan area. On the other hand, children living in the metropolitan area participated the most in organised sports.

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Meals on Wheels drivers good early warning system for senior's health and safety issues

(West Health Institute) Meal delivery drivers bringing food to homebound seniors can be an effective early-warning system for health and safety problems, according to a new study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society by researchers at the West Health Institute, Brown University and Meals on Wheels America.

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Patients see multiple clinicians on one visit, thanks to new scheduling protocol

(University of Texas at Austin) A new patient-centered scheduling protocol is improving the quality, efficiency and convenience of multiprovider health care, according to a recently published paper from the University of Texas at Austin.

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UTSA receives $500,000 to conduct research related to the nation's changing demographics

(University of Texas at San Antonio) As a knowledge enterprise, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) is committed to training the next generation of researchers and to addressing society's grand challenges. To diversify the nation's academe and to address challenges related to the nation's growing population and changing demography, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation has awarded UTSA a $500,000 grant to support its Mellon Humanities Pathways Program.

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Study shows that financial crises lower life satisfaction

(Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg) Financial crises not only result in severe disruptions to the economic system, they also affect people's life satisfaction. A new study by Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg and the Halle Institute for Economic Research shows: Weaker members of society are more affected by increased uncertainty during crisis times, even if they aren't speculating on the stock market themselves. This could potentially also lower their propensity to consume, thereby intensifying the impact of a financial crisis.

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Disrupted sleep in one's 50s, 60s raises risk of Alzheimer's disease

(University of California - Berkeley) PET brain scans of healthy older adults show that those reporting lower sleep quality through their 50s and 60s have higher levels of tau protein, a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies link poor sleep to beta-amyloid tangles also, suggesting that protein tangles in the brain may cause some of the memory problems of AD and dementia. In addition, out-of-sync brain waves during sleep are associated with tau, providing a possible biomarker of dementia.

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Climate impact of clouds made from airplane contrails may triple by 2050

(European Geosciences Union) In the right conditions, airplane contrails can linger in the sky as contrail cirrus -- ice clouds that can trap heat inside the atmosphere. Their climate impact has been largely neglected in schemes to offset aviation emissions, even though contrail cirrus have contributed more to warming than all CO2 emitted by aircraft since the start of aviation. A new Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics study found that the climate impact of contrail cirrus will triple by 2050.

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'Mystical' psychedelic compound found in normal brains

(Michigan Medicine - University of Michigan) A study in rats has revealed the presence of naturally occurring DMT, an increasingly popular hallucinogen.

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LGBTQ Asian-Americans seen as more 'American'

(University of Washington) For Asian-Americans who are gay or lesbian, their sexual orientation may make them seem more 'American' than those who are presumed straight. A new University of Washington study, the latest in research to examine stereotypes, identity and ideas about who is 'American,' focuses on how sexual orientation and race come together to influence others' perceptions.

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Artificial intelligence controls robotic arm to pack boxes and cut costs

(Rutgers University) Rutgers computer scientists used artificial intelligence to control a robotic arm that provides a more efficient way to pack boxes, saving businesses time and money.

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Bird three times larger than ostrich discovered in Crimean cave

(Taylor & Francis Group) A surprise discovery in a Crimean cave suggests that early Europeans lived alongside some of the largest ever known birds, according to new research published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.

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Thick calluses don’t make feet any less sensitive

Bare feet that develop thick calluses are just as sensitive as shoe-clad feet, a study in Kenya finds.

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EU-LIFE calls for impactful collaborative research in European biomedicine

(Center for Genomic Regulation) EU-LIFE, the alliance of 13 leading life science institutes in Europe, points out the increasing lack of opportunities for collaborative research in biomedicine at a European level and highlights how this is endangering long-lasting, positive impact in health research for the benefit of citizens. Based on the analysis on the barriers regarding participation in collaborative health research in Horizon 2020, six recommendations aim at contributing to improvement for the upcoming seven-year cycle of Horizon Europe.

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Migraine increases the risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth

(Aarhus University) Pregnant women with migraine have an increased risk of miscarriage, caesarean sections and giving birth to a child with low birth weight. This is shown by a comprehensive register-based study from Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark. The study also suggests that prescription migraine drugs may alleviate the complications.

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Use of evidence-based therapies for youth psychiatric treatment is slow to catch on

(University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine) Penn Medicine researchers found that over a five-year period in Philadelphia, use of evidence-based therapies -- practices backed by scientific data showing that symptoms improve in response to treatment, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) -- increased only modestly, despite the city and researchers' substantial efforts to showcase the value of these approaches and to provide training to community clinicians.

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Study: Internet perpetuates job market inequality

(North Carolina State University) Recent research finds the internet is giving employers and job seekers access to more information, but has not made the hiring process more meritocratic. Instead, lower-wage jobs have become 'black holes,' with intense competition for positions, while many higher-wage jobs are going to targeted candidates and are open to only limited competition.

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Boosting amino acid derivative may be a treatment for schizophrenia

(RIKEN) Many psychiatric drugs act on the receptors or transporters of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. However, there is a great need for alternatives, and research is looking at other targets along the brain's metabolic pathways. Lack of glycine betaine contributes to brain pathology in schizophrenia, and new research from the RIKEN Center for Brain Science (CBS) shows that betaine supplementation can counteract psychiatric symptoms in mice.

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Are testosterone-boosting supplements effective? Not likely, according to new research

(University of Southern California - Health Sciences) Research points toward t-boosting supplements as having little or no known effect.

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Professors need to be entertaining to prevent students from watching YouTube in class

(University of Waterloo) Students think it is instructors' responsibility to ensure they don't surf the web in class, according to a new study.

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To increase bike commuters, look to neighborhoods

(Ohio State University) People agree that bike commuting improves health, reduces air pollution and eases traffic, a recent survey suggests. But that wasn't enough to get most people to commute by bike. New research indicates that a person's neighborhood may play a large role in influencing the decision to commute by bike.

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A study looks at the transformation of European cinema through Studiocanal

(Universidad Carlos III de Madrid) The European film industry is progressively adopting Hollywood´s modes of representation. This is one of the main conclusions of a study by Christopher Meir, CONEX researcher at the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), who in his latest book analyzes the evolution of StudioCanal, the largest European company to have contributed to this transformation of the continent's film industry.

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Older adults' independence is most significant factor for vulnerability in hot weather

(University of Warwick) Efforts to support older people during extreme heat should focus on those who lack independence or have pre-existing health issues, according to an expert from the University of Warwick.

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Read how TV advertisers can measure the impact of their spots with second-screen searching

(American Marketing Association) A new study proposes a framework to evaluate TV ad spots according to their immediate effects on consumers' online search activities.

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Trump's tweets reveal hidden unity between Democrats, Republicans

(University at Buffalo) Democrats and Republicans may stand on opposite ends of the political spectrum, but both parties share a hidden agreement surrounding President Donald Trump's online behavior, found a new University at Buffalo study.

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Paternal age over 51 years reduces success rate in IVF and ICSI

(European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology) While female fertility comes to an irrevocable end with the menopause (at a consistently average age of 51 years), men are not constrained by similar biological senescence. Studies have shown that sperm counts may decline and DNA damage in sperm cells may increase over time, but the celebrity fatherhood of ageing actors and rock stars perpetuates the myth that male fertility might last forever.

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Making music from proteins (video)

(American Chemical Society) Composers string notes of different pitch and duration together to create music. Similarly, cells join amino acids with different characteristics together to make proteins. Now, researchers have bridged these two seemingly disparate processes by translating protein sequences into musical compositions and then using artificial intelligence to convert the sounds into brand-new proteins. They report their results in ACS Nano.

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Peru’s famous Nazca Lines may include drawings of exotic birds

Pre-Inca people depicted winged fliers from far away in landscape art.

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Snails show that variety is the key to success if you want to remember more

(University of Sussex) Neuroscientists at the University of Sussex have revealed the factors that impact on memory interference, showing that a change is as good as a rest when it comes to retaining more information. They also discovered that timing plays a key role, as old information can effectively be replaced by new information when learning takes place during a memory lapse.

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Environmental destruction linked to African population raises questions about family sizes

(Flinders University) Africa is projected to be home to nearly 3 billion people by 2100, but rapid population growth will cause widespread environmental degradation unless effective family planning becomes widespread policy, according to new research that tracked increased population pressures on the continent's ecosystems.

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ICSI has no outcome benefits over conventional IVF in routine non-male infertility cases

(European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology) Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), the world's favored means of fertilization in assisted reproduction, offers no benefit over conventional in vitro fertilization in fertility treatments without a male factor indication, according to results of a large multicenter study.

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Lessons from Columbine: New technology provides insight during active shooter situations

(Purdue University) A Purdue University researcher and students created a computer model, based on the 1999 shooting at Columbine High School, which looks at what happens to victims caught in shooter situations to provide better training for schools and other organizations.

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From simple tools to high-level buy-in, how doctors can help cancer patients quit tobacco

(University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine) A simple set of decision-support tools combined with institutional buy-in can help increase the number of cancer patients who engage in treatment to help them quit tobacco, data from researchers in the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania show.

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Managing the ups and downs of coffee production

(American Society of Agronomy) Research could bring new coffee varieties to market faster and improve yields.

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Bystanders will intervene to help victims of aggressive public disputes

(Lancaster University) Bystanders will intervene in nine out of 10 public fights to help victims of aggression and violence reveals the largest ever study of real-life conflicts captured by CCTV.The findings overturn the impression of the 'walk on by society' where victims are ignored by bystanders.The consistent helping rate found across different national and urban contexts supports earlier research 'suggesting that third-party conflict resolution is a human universal, with a plausible evolutionary basis.'

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Three honored by Society For Risk Analysis Europe

(Society for Risk Analysis) The Society for Risk Analysis - Europe (SRA-E) awarded three prestigious scholarships at its Annual Conference in Potsdam, Germany. These awards recognize individuals for their outstanding contributions to the study and science of risk analysis.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XuXTdf

Levänluhta jewellery links Finland to a European exchange network

(University of Helsinki) A recently completed study indicates that the material of the jewellery found together with human remains at the Levänluhta water burial site originates in southern Europe, contrary to what researchers had previously thought.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://bit.ly/2ZMifw1

Insilico Medicine to present at the 2nd LEAF Annual Event: Ending Age-Related Diseases 2019

(InSilico Medicine, Inc.) Alex Zhavoronkov, Ph.D., Founder and CEO of Insilico Medicine, to present at the LEAF Annual Event: Ending Age-Related Diseases 2019 in New York on July 11, 2019.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2X6LwjC

Finding missing network links could help develop new drugs, stop disease, ease traffic

(American Institute of Physics) A new mathematical model of the structure of networks could help find new cancer drugs, speed up traffic flow and combat sexually transmitted disease. Although the three challenges seem diverse, they all could benefit from a theory that helps uncover information about a network by analyzing its structure. Successful link prediction algorithms already exist for certain types of networks, but the researchers analyzed differently structured networks to come up with their alternative algorithm.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XChok6

How the brain helps us make good decisions -- and bad ones

(Yale University) A prevailing theory in neuroscience holds that people make decisions based on integrated global calculations that occur within the frontal cortex of the brain. However, Yale researchers have found that three distinct circuits connecting to different brain regions are involved in making good decisions, bad ones and determining which of those past choices to store in memory, they report June 25 in the journal Neuron.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2X1Sark

Air pollution found to affect marker of female fertility in real-life study

(European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology) Ovarian reserve, a term widely adopted to reflect the number of resting follicles in the ovary and thus a marker of potential female fertility, has been found in a large-scale study to be adversely affected by high levels of air pollution.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XxlCJR

Study looks at opioid use after knee surgery

(JAMA Network) A small study looked at whether reducing the number of opioid tablets prescribed after knee surgery would reduce postoperative use and if preoperative opioid-use education would reduce it even more. The study included 264 patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery at a single academic ambulatory surgery center.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2X3GVi3

Seizures in Alzheimer's mouse model disrupt adult neurogenesis

(Baylor College of Medicine) Working with animal models of Alzheimer's disease, a team led by researchers at Baylor College of Medicine discovered that seizures that are associated with the disease both in animal models and humans alter the normal dynamics of neurogenesis in adult brains. Administering anti-seizure medication restored neurogenesis and improved performance in a spatial discrimination task.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XuwgkF

LSU Health research to study link between obesity and breast cancer in real time

(Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center) Frank Lau, MD, Associate Professor in the Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at LSU Health New Orleans School of Medicine, has been awarded a grant by the Southeastern Society of Plastic Surgeons to improve the care and research of breast cancer and obesity.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2X4fGZC

Singapore: the CNRS opens CNRS@CREATE, its first overseas subsidiary

(CNRS) The French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) strengthens its presence in Singapore by partnering the Campus for Research And Technological Enterprise (CREATE). CNRS@CREATE, CNRS' first overseas subsidiary, will work with Singapore's universities, research institutions, and CREATE's international partners to conduct research and application of technologies in areas that are relevant to Singapore's social and economic needs. Its inauguration takes place in the presence of CNRS Chairman and CEO Antoine Petit on 25 June.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2J3CxdT

Lifelong ill-health after exposure to chemical weapons

(University of Gothenburg) People exposed to chemical warfare agents (CWAs) often incur chronic damage to their lungs, skin and eyes, for example. They also frequently succumb to depression, anxiety and suicidal thoughts. This is shown by research on survivors from the 1988 gas attacks against Kurdish Halabja in Iraq.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2J4dGGH

Video games offer clues to help curb animal disease outbreaks

(University of Vermont) As Asia and Europe battle African swine fever outbreaks, UVM research shows how farmers' risk attitudes affect the spread of infectious animal diseases and offers a first-of-its kind model for testing disease control and prevention strategies. Getting just 10% of risk tolerant farmers to adopt biosecurity measures resulted in a significant reduction of disease, but keeping the disease under control required at least 40% of risk-takers to change their behaviors.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2xeX7CE

Workers who are unpaid caregivers of older relatives struggle with unmet workplace needs

(Baylor University) People who care for elderly parents outside of their full-time jobs -- and are unpaid for it -- experience considerable disruption of their workplace routines. Many are not getting employer support because it is not offered or because they do not feel able to use it, even if it is available, a Baylor University study found.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2J6krb4

Artificial intelligence could be 'game changer' in detecting, managing Alzheimer's disease

(Florida Atlantic University) Could artificial intelligence be the solution for detecting and managing a complex condition like Alzheimer's disease? A team of researchers thinks so. They employed a novel application of supervised machine learning and predictive modeling to demonstrate and validate the cross-sectional utility of MemTrax as a clinical decision support screening tool for assessing cognitive impairment. They introduce supervised machine learning as a new approach and value-added complementary tool in cognitive brain health assessment and related patient care and management.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2FwwkGp

Kessler researchers explore social cognitive deficits in progressive multiple sclerosis

(Kessler Foundation) 'This study is an important first step toward a better understanding of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with progressive MS,' said Dr. Genova. 'By examining both the cognitive and affective components of Theory of Mind, we found evidence for differential effects of progressive MS, similar to the effects reported for relapsing remitting MS, including the apparent sparing of affective ability. Our findings indicate that VAMA will be an important tool for developing interventions that help individuals maintain the skills needed to function in everyday life.'

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XwT0jU

Preconceptional and prenatal exposure to paternal smoking affects semen quality of adult sons

(European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology) The adverse effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy is well established and associated with several negative neonatal outcomes (such as low birth weight and preterm birth). It is also evident in some studies that the semen quality of men exposed to prenatal maternal smoking is generally more impaired than that of unexposed men. However, there is little known about the effect of paternal smoking in the time leading up to and during pregnancy.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2X66hR1

A new algorithm finds nearby stars that could host hidden worlds

An algorithm dubbed “Netflix for exoplanets” identified more than 350 stars that, based on their chemistry, might have planets orbiting out of sight.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/2LopQgH

Elevated air pollution could diminish health benefits of living in walkable communities

(St. Michael's Hospital) The benefits of living in a walkable neighborhood could be diminished by increased exposure to traffic-related air pollution, suggests a study led by St. Michael's Hospital and ICES, a non-profit research institute that uses population-based health information to produce knowledge on a broad range of health care issues.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WYKPZz

European pregnancy rates from IVF and ICSI 'appear to have reached a peak'

(European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology) The latest annual data collected by ESHRE from European national registries (for 2016) show another rise in the cumulative use of IVF in the treatment of infertility, although success rates after IVF or ICSI appear to have reached a peak, with pregnancy rates per started treatment calculated at 27.1% after IVF and 24.3% after ICSI.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2X47SHl

Dried Earth microbes could grow on Mars with just a little humidity

Showing that salt-loving bacteria can double their numbers after absorbing damp air has implications for life on other planets.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/2X4iErY

UTSA to research environmental comfort at the San Antonio Missions

(University of Texas at San Antonio) UTSA Center for Cultural Sustainability (CCS) has formed a partnership with local architecture firm to conduct a 12-month assessment of indoor climate management and make recommendations for energy-efficient upgrades at Mission Concepcion. The UTSA researchers anticipate that the results will serve as a model for other historic stone structures in hot-humid climates and become pioneers in the use of energy-efficient upgrades at the national cultural heritage resources.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://bit.ly/2YcHgA7

Viewing pornography increase unethical behavior at work

(Brigham Young University) New research discovers employees who view pornography aren't just costing companies millions of dollars in wasted time, they're causing harm to the company.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2X1GCJo

Babies can learn link between language and ethnicity, study suggests

(University of British Columbia) Eleven-month-old infants can learn to associate the language they hear with ethnicity, recent research from the University of British Columbia suggests. Eleven-month-old infants looked more at the faces of people of Asian descent versus those of Caucasian descent when hearing Cantonese versus English -- but not when hearing Spanish.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2X2oQ8I

Deportation worries fuel anxiety, poor sleep, among US-born Latinx youth

(University of California - Berkeley) A new study led by University of California, Berkeley, researchers tracked the mental and physical health of US-born teenage children of Mexican and Central American immigrants in California in the years before and after the 2016 election. Nearly half of the youth reported worrying at least sometimes about the impacts of US immigration policy on their families, and those with more worries also experienced higher anxiety and poorer sleep quality than their peers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2Y96Juj

What influences how parents and their gay adolescent sons discuss sexual health at home?

(University of Pennsylvania) Parent-child discussions about sexual health are complicated, particularly with a male teen who identifies as gay, bisexual, or queer. Research from Dalmacio Dennis Flores of the University of Pennsylvania found that even when such conversations avoid heteronormative stereotypes, outside factors like mass media and religion--those beyond the parents' control--can reinforce them.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/31R1p14

Gut microbes might help elite athletes boost their physical performance

Veillonella bacteria increased in some runners’ guts after a marathon, and may make a compound that might boost endurance, a mouse study suggests.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/2YdI1Jw

Capuchin monkeys’ stone-tool use has evolved over 3,000 years

A Brazilian archaeological site reveals capuchins’ long history of practical alterations to pounding implements, researchers say.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/321YanE

Seeing the doctor? Relax, you'll remember more

(University of Michigan) Some patients feel shame, anxiety or fear immediately before seeing their doctor, making them tense. But if they can relax and become calm, patients will likely pay attention to and better comprehend health messages, suggests a new University of Michigan study.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2IGb9nl

Language barriers effect parents' participation in neonatal care

(University of Gothenburg) A warm smile and a caring hand on the shoulder are not enough to overcome the language barriers that can arise between parents and healthcare professionals in neonatal care in Sweden when the parents have not mastered the Swedish language. A new thesis raises the questions of when and how to get the assistance of an interpreter.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2LfDKRZ

Islamic values play a significant role in the travel decisions of Muslim tourists

(University of Portsmouth) Islamic values are just as important as the destination, quality and value for money for Muslims when choosing a holiday destination, according to a new study by the University of Portsmouth.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2Y9shad

Safeguarding Australia's Great Barrier Reef takes a cultural shift

(University of Technology Sydney) A novel low-cost device, that can rapidly secure coral fragments to the reef, has been so successful at helping propagate coral on high value sections of Australia's Great Barrier Reef that the Australian and Queensland Governments have committed more funding to take the project further.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2IDGDKx

Popular strategy for raising pregnancy rates in IVF fails to deliver improvement in large trial

(European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology) The increasingly popular trend for fertility clinics to freeze all IVF embryos for later transfer has been shown in a large multicentre randomised trial to offer no improvement in delivery rates over traditional 'fresh' embryo transfers. 'Our findings give no support to a general freeze-all strategy in normally menstruating women,' said investigator Dr Sacha Stormlund from Copenhagen University Hospital in Denmark.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2Lf3OfV

Study ties poor sleep to reduced memory performance in older adults

(Georgia Institute of Technology) A new study has found that variability in night-to-night sleep time and reduced sleep quality adversely affect the ability of older adults to recall information about past events. The study also found unexpected racial differences in the type of sleep patterns tied to lower memory performance across both younger and older African American research participants.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2xdvTfr

Music students do better in school than non-musical peers

(University of British Columbia) High school students who take music courses score significantly better on math, science and English exams than their non-musical peers, according to a new study published in the Journal of Educational Psychology.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2X0swb2

Mood neurons mature during adolescence

(University of California - San Francisco) Researchers have discovered a mysterious group of neurons in the amygdala -- a key center for emotional processing in the brain -- that stay in an immature, prenatal developmental state throughout childhood. Most of these cells mature rapidly during adolescence, suggesting a key role in the brain's emotional development, but some stay immature throughout life, suggesting new ideas about how the brain keeps its emotional responses flexible throughout life.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2X0PgTo

Suicide rates are rising significantly among African American teens

(University of Toledo) A large-scale study from The University of Toledo of young African Americans found a 182 percent increase in suicide deaths among females and a 60 percent increase among males. The findings suggest a greater need for mental health services in urban school districts and calls out the danger of having unsecured firearms and ammunition in the homes of parents and caregivers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2X8yHu0

An 'awe-full' state of mind can set you free

(University of California - Riverside) An induced feeling of awe, or state of wonder, may be the best strategy yet for alleviating the discomfort that comes from uncertain waiting.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2X4ntGy

Music students score better in math, science, English than non-musical peers

(American Psychological Association) High schoolers who take music courses score significantly better on exams in certain other subjects, including math and science, than their non-musical peers, according to a study published by the American Psychological Association.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2X1A74v

Phones and wearables combine to assess worker performance

(Dartmouth College) Consumer tech and a custom app combine to optimize the employee review.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2KzHbU2

The highest-energy photons ever seen hail from the Crab Nebula

An experiment in Tibet spotted photons with over 100 trillion electron volts of energy.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/2Fw6pP3

Study shows visual framing by media in debates affects public perception

(University of Arkansas) New research shows that in the 2016 primary debates the front runners from both parties benefitted from preferential visual treatment by the media, but Donald Trump won in terms of camera time and angle.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2ICnuca

Long duration of sperm freezing makes no difference to live birth rates in large sperm bank study

(European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology) Despite a time limit imposed in many countries on the freeze-storage of sperm, a new study from China has found that the long-term cryopreservation of semen in a sperm bank does not affect future clinical outcomes. Results of the study are presented today in Vienna at the 35th Annual Meeting of ESHRE by Dr Chuan Huang of the Changsa-Hunan Sperm Bank in China.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2RtiklB

Large cohort study confirms small added obstetric risk from transfer of longer developed embryos

(European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology) The transfer of embryos cultured for five or six days (instead of two or three) after fertilisation in IVF and ICSI has become routine in many fertility clinics. Many (but not all) studies show that transferring these longer and better developed embryos - known as blastocysts - will increase the chance of pregnancy and live birth.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2Y8J0KJ

Small shops, heavy advertisers less likely to ID for tobacco

(Ohio State University) 'Our findings suggest that certain types of stores -- tobacco shops, convenience stores and those with a lot of tobacco advertising -- are more likely to sell tobacco to a young person without checking his or her ID.'

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WVQU96

Suicide, accidents, and hepatitis: The leading causes of death for Veterans in their first year of PTSD treatment

(Elsevier) According to a new study in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, published by Elsevier, United States Veterans seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at increased risk of death compared with the general population. Veterans with PTSD are twice as likely to die from suicide, accidental injury, and viral hepatitis than the general population. Veterans with PTSD are also more likely to die from diabetes and chronic liver disease than the general population.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2KAFtle

Survivors of childhood brain tumors experience lasting cognitive and socioeconomic burdens

(Wiley) Survivors of childhood brain tumors who received radiotherapy and were very young at the time of diagnosis may experience cognitive and socioeconomic burdens decades after treatment, according to a study published early online in CANCER, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society. Interventions such as cognitive therapies and educational and occupational services may be needed to mitigate such long-term effects.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2J3yRc3

New approaches may help solve the Lyme disease diagnosis dilemma

Lyme disease is hard to detect, but scientists are investigating new diagnostic approaches.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/2KyvP2Q

Indigenous oral health inequalities begin in childhood: A multi-country study

(International & American Associations for Dental Research) At the 97th General Session & Exhibition of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR), held in conjunction with the 48th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental Research (AADR) and the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research (CADR), Dandara Haag, University of Adelaide, Australia, gave an oral presentation on 'Indigenous Oral Health Inequalities Begin in Childhood: A Multi-country Study.'

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WUQBuZ

Virtual reality takes a leap into taste

(Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown) optoPAD is a newly developed system for creating virtual taste realities. It combines advanced optical and genetic techniques with touch-screen technology to monitor and control feeding behaviors and taste sensations in fruit flies. This new tool, which is now being freely shared with the scientific community, significantly extends the toolset available to study feeding behavior in this model organism, which in turn may provide important insight into the neural circuitry that underlies food choice.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2Rxk8do

Your brain activity can be used to measure how well you understand a concept

(Dartmouth College) As students learn a new concept, measuring how well they grasp it has often depended on traditional paper and pencil tests. Dartmouth researchers have developed a machine learning algorithm, which can be used to measure how well a student understands a concept based on his or her brain activity patterns. The findings are published in Nature Communications. The study is one of the first to look at how knowledge learned in school is represented in the brain.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2J5gYK6

Survey of dental researchers' perceptions of sexual harassment at AADR conferences

(International & American Associations for Dental Research) At the 97th General Session & Exhibition of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR), held in conjunction with the 48th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Dental Research (AADR) and the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association for Dental Research (CADR), AADR Immediate Past President Raul Garcia, Boston University, Massachusetts, USA, presented a poster on 'Survey of Dental Researchers' Perceptions of Sexual Harassment at AADR Conferences 2015-2018.'

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WRZaXv

Reason to present at the 6th Aging Research for Drug Discovery Forum in Basel

(InSilico Medicine, Inc.) Reason, Co-founder and CEO of Repair Biotechnologies; Founder and writer of Fight Aging!, to present at the 6th Aging Research for Drug Discovery Forum in Basel, Switzerland

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2J13dM6

Parasites ruin some finches’ songs by chewing through the birds’ beaks

Parasitic fly larvae damage the beaks of Galápagos finches, changing their mating songs and possibly causing females to pick males of a different species.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/31MSxJW

Ageism reduced by education, intergenerational contact

(Cornell University) Researchers at Cornell University have shown for the first time that it is possible to reduce ageist attitudes, prejudices and stereotypes through education and intergenerational contact.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2x79h0b

Ericsson activates 5G NSA technology at 5TONIC open innovation lab

(IMDEA Networks Institute) The deployment, successfully achieved by Ericsson and Telefónica, includes a new 5G Massive MIMO Radio running on 3.5GHz band, along with virtual Evolved Packet Core and User Data Consolidation.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2ZCRCJW

The cosmic ‘Cow’ may be a strange supernova

New observations suggest the strange bright burst called the ‘Cow’ was a supernova, rather than a shredded star.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/2WVanvn

Kessler Foundation receives New Jersey Health Foundation grants for MS and stroke research

(Kessler Foundation) Two Kessler Foundation scientists received grants from the New Jersey Health Foundation. Vikram Shenoy Handiru, PhD, received a one-year $35,000 award for his project titled, 'Targeted Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Improving the Hand Dexterity in Stroke Patients.' Katie Lancaster, PhD, received a one-year $35,000 award for her project titled: 'A Social Emotion Regulation Intervention in Multiple Sclerosis.'

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2Iv2Uds

Exposure to others' suffering even worse than being shot at

(Norwegian University of Science and Technology) War veterans who were not personally in life-threatening danger have more psychological problems than those who were injured by gunfire, according to a study that surveyed Norwegian veterans after their return from Afghanistan.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2IxsK0F

Neuroscience research questions current alcohol limit

(University of Sussex) The research adds weight to calls for a lowered alcohol limit for drivers. Even one pint of beer can compromise a person's feeling of being in control.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/31OI2pe

Mondavi Center receives grant to integrate the arts, humanities and science in new courses

(University of California - Davis) The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation grant will provide funding to offer undergraduate courses that merge arts, humanities and science.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2Xmjt3P

Moral lessons in children's television programs may require extra explanation

(University of California - Davis) In two separate studies, researchers monitored more than 100 4-6-year-olds and found that they didn't understand messages about inclusiveness.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WXMsXa

Brains of pairs of animals synchronize during social interaction

(University of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences) UCLA researchers have published a Cell study showing that the brains of pairs of animals synchronize during social situations. The level of synchronization actually predicted how much the animals would interact.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XjNd1h

How NASA’s portable atomic clock could revolutionize space travel

An atomic clock designed to enable self-driving spaceships and GPS-like navigation on other planets is about to take a yearlong test flight.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/2XpqpgC

Stresses from past earthquakes explain location of seismic events

(University of Plymouth) A study published in Nature Communications suggests the cumulative stresses caused by historic earthquakes could provide some explanation as to why and where they occur. The research involved a detailed analysis of centuries of earthquakes in central Italy, where unrivaled records of seismic events have been kept since 1349.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XnhZGt

Stresses from past earthquakes explain location of seismic events

(University of Plymouth) A study published in Nature Communications suggests the cumulative stresses caused by historic earthquakes could provide some explanation as to why and where they occur. The research involved a detailed analysis of centuries of earthquakes in central Italy, where unrivaled records of seismic events have been kept since 1349.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://bit.ly/2XnhZGt

Do women regret embryo testing before IVF?

(Northwestern University) By the time a woman is 44 years old, the vast majority of her embryos will be abnormal. A new study asked women who had their embryos tested before in vitro fertilization if they were glad or regretted the procedure? Regardless of whether they had a normal embryo or not, 94% of patients surveyed were glad to have the information.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XrQs6E

Foodie calls: Dating for a free meal (rather than a relationship)

(Society for Personality and Social Psychology) New psychology research reveals 23-33% of women in an online study say they've engaged in a 'foodie call,' where they set up a date for a free meal. These women score high on the 'dark triad' of personality traits as well.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2Y5HcCu

Americans still eat too much processed meat and too little fish

(Elsevier) A new study in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, published by Elsevier, found that the amount of processed meat consumed by Americans has remained unchanged in the past 18 years, nor has their intake of fish/shellfish increased. In addition, one quarter of US adults are still eating more unprocessed red meat than the recommended level, and less than 15% meet the guidelines for fish/shellfish consumption.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XoLiIM

The gym proving too expensive or time consuming?

(The Physiological Society) A new study, published in The Journal of Physiology investigated a home-based high-intensity interval training (Home-HIT) program and studied its benefits for clinically obese individuals with an elevated risk of heart disease.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XZRNPj

Not always reaching your potential is okay, but overthinking it is a problem

(Edith Cowan University) Having aspirations helps us navigate life in a meaningful and fulfilling way, but it can also cause psychological distress when hopes are left unfulfilled.New Edith Cowan University (ECU) research has found that it's not failing to make progress toward our 'ideal-self' that is problematic but rather the tendency to focus on that lack of progress in a negative way that leads to psychological distress.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2IuUJOC

Constructed language experts head to Cambridge

(Anglia Ruskin University) The dulcet tones of Dothraki are set to ring around Cambridge this weekend, with the eighth Language Creation Conference taking place at Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) on Saturday and Sunday [June 22-23, 2019].

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2N2JCAw

God doesn't play dice -- does cancer?

(University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus) Colorado study suggests that changes to the tissue ecosystem and not necessarily mutations allows growth of cancer.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2IYCyQ5

Early-and-regular cannabis use by youth is associated with alteration in brain circuits that support cognitive control

(Elsevier) The development of neural circuits in youth, at a particularly important time in their lives, can be heavily influenced by external factors -- specifically the frequent and regular use of cannabis. A new study in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (JAACAP), published by Elsevier, reports that alterations in cognitive control--an ensemble of processes by which the mind governs, regulates and guides behaviors, impulses, and decision-making based on goals are directly affected.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XZ4IRz

3D technology might improve body appreciation for young women

(University of Missouri-Columbia) Virginia Ramseyer Winter, assistant professor in the School of Social Work and director of the MU Center for Body Image Research and Policy, is a nationally recognized body image expert. In a new study, she found that images from 3D scanners can be used to help young women focus on body appreciation, which might in turn improve mental health.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XtblhK

22% of young men, 5% of young women engage in 'disordered eating' to bulk up

(University of California - San Francisco) Adolescents who see themselves as puny and who exercise to gain weight may be at risk of so-called muscularity-oriented disordered eating behaviors, say researchers led by UCSF Benioff Children's Hospitals.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2FmO7j0

Mice and bats’ brains sync up as they interact with their own kind

The brain activity of mice and bats aligns in social settings, a coordination that may hold clues about how social context influences behavior.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/2XX59vG

Psoriasis patients turn to alternative medicine when traditional treatments fail

(George Washington University) A recent survey from the GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences found patients with psoriasis frequently use complementary or alternative therapies to treat their symptoms when traditional treatments fail.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2Rn0tMW

Global treaty is leaving some countries vulnerable to increase in tobacco consumption

(York University) Two studies published in the British Medical Journal show there is no statistical evidence that global cigarette consumption has fallen as a result of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and in low-and-middle-income countries it has actually increased, according to two studies led by global health researchers at York University.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2Krkmlt

Retracing ancient routes to Australia

(Flinders University) New insights into how people first arrived in Australia have determined the likely routes travelled by Aboriginal people tens of thousands of years ago along with the sizes of groups required for the population to survive in harsh conditions.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://bit.ly/2x3Jy93

Archaeological mystery solved with modern genetics

(University of Tokyo) Researchers at the University of Tokyo conducted a census of the Japanese population around 2,500 years ago using the Y chromosomes of men living on the main islands of modern-day Japan. This is the first time analysis of modern genomes has estimated the size of an ancient human population before they were met by a separate ancient population.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://bit.ly/2x7rvyO

New research backs Australian regulatory decision on poppers

(University of Technology Sydney) Young gay and bisexual men are frequent users of alkyl nitrites, or poppers, but few show signs of addiction, risky consumption habits or other psychosocial problems, a study shows.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2x5VZBi

UBC research shows upbeat music can sweeten tough exercise

(University of British Columbia Okanagan campus) New research coming out of UBC's Okanagan campus demonstrates that upbeat music can make a rigorous workout seem less tough. Even for people who are insufficiently active. Matthew Stork is a postdoctoral fellow in the School of Health and Exercise Sciences. He recently published a study examining how the right music can help less-active people get more out of their workout--and enjoy it more.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WOT4qU

Researchers receive NIH grant to develop rapid, reliable and low-cost HIV test

(Florida Atlantic University) HIV testing is expensive ($50 to $200 per test), technically complex, and requires trained technicians. Researchers are developing a rapid, disposable, automated, and low-cost HIV viral load assay to increase timely access to HIV care and to improve treatment outcomes. The technology is highly sensitive, inexpensive (less than $1), and quick (results in 45 minutes or less). Moreover, the technology is highly stable, and doesn't require refrigeration or a regular electric supply to enable HIV viral load at point-of-care settings.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2L2bDFP

Gold for silver: A chemical barter

(Tokyo University of Science) From effective medicines to molecular sensors to fuel cells, metal clusters are becoming fundamentally useful in the health, environment, and energy sectors. This diverse functionality of clusters arises from the variability in size and type. Professor Yuichi Negishi, from Tokyo University of Science, adds to this ongoing tale by explaining the dynamics of the metal cluster, thiolate-protected gold-silver alloy, in solution; this helps in understanding the stability, geometry, and tenability of these clusters for their applications.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2x7n5I8

Frontiers in clinical drug research -- Anti-cancer agents, now in its 5th edition

(Bentham Science Publishers) Bentham Science ongoing book series continues to bring more updates in the world of anti-cancer drug discovery.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2IVwU1o

High school seniors losing trust in law enforcement, justice system

(American Psychological Association) High school seniors' confidence in law enforcement and the justice system significantly declined from 2006 to 2017 while their faith in religious organizations and schools was comparatively higher and more stable, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2xfmQeh

DNA confirms a weird Greenland whale was a narwhal-beluga hybrid

DNA analysis of a skull indicates that the animal had a narwhal mother and beluga father.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/2IttaFc

Nursing home care cost significantly outpaces general inflation and medical care prices

(Georgetown University Medical Center) One of the largest studies on out-of-pocket costs for nursing home care finds prices are high and rising faster than other medical care and consumer prices, reports a team of health policy researchers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2x5czkq

50 years ago, bulletproof armor was getting light enough to wear

In 1969, bulletproof armor used boron carbide fibers. Fifty years later, bulletproof armor is drastically lighter and made from myriad materials.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/2RrlLZP

New biomarker test improves diagnosis of ovarian cancer

(Uppsala University) The majority of women who undergo surgery for suspected ovarian cancer do not have cancer. A novel blood test developed by researchers at Uppsala University and the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, now offers the possibility of more precise diagnostics without the need for surgery. This could lead to a reduction in unnecessary surgery and to earlier detection and treatment for affected women. The study was recently published in Communications Biology.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2ItwNer

Silver loading and switching: Unintended consequences of pulling health policy levers

(University of Pittsburgh) A move by the White House in 2017 -- decried by many health policy analysts as an attempt to undercut the Affordable Care Act (ACA) -- had unanticipated consequences that improved the affordability of health insurance for Marketplace enrollees. The findings show that the Trump Administration's cut of the ACA's cost-sharing reduction payments to health insurers caused insurance providers to compensate by changing the distribution of premiums in ways that increase federal government subsidies to Marketplace enrollees.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2KqRVEb

Slime travelers

(University of California - Riverside) New UC Riverside-led research settles a longstanding debate about whether the most ancient animal communities were deliberately mobile. It turns out they were, because they were hungry.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://bit.ly/2ISBBca

Research shows wind can prevent seabirds accessing their most important habitat

(Swansea University) We marvel at flying animals because it seems like they can access anywhere, but a first study of its kind has revealed that wind can prevent seabirds from accessing the most important of habitats: their nests.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2Is7WaT

Mobile crisis service reduces youth ER visits for behavioral health needs, says study

(University of Connecticut) Children and youth with acute behavioral health needs who are seen through Connecticut's Mobile Crisis Intervention Service -- a community-based program that provides mental health interventions and services to patients 18 years and younger -- have a lower risk of experiencing a follow-up episode and are less likely to show up in an emergency room if and when another episode occurs.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XYAttV

Owner training key to reducing risk of dog bite injuries

(Society for Risk Analysis) Dog attacks have been on the rise and it may the owners who need to go back to school. A new study published in Risk Analysis: An International Journal investigated what leads dog owners to train their pets using positive reinforcement methods. Positive reinforcement training methods are considered to be the most effective and humane approach to training dogs but many owners fail to effectively implement the technique.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2IpqXuh

Many asylum seekers suffer from depression and anxiety symptoms

(National Institute for Health and Welfare) According to the internationally most extensive population study concerning the health of asylum seekers, up to 40% of the adults who have sought asylum in Finland told that they are suffering from major depression and anxiety symptoms.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2IP5Uk0

Upcycling process brings new life to old jeans

(American Chemical Society) A growing population, rising standards of living and quickly changing fashions send mountains of clothing waste to the world's landfills each year. Although processes for textile recycling exist, they tend to be inefficient and expensive. Now, researchers have reported in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering an efficient, low-cost method that can convert waste denim into viscose-type fibers that are either white or the original color of the garment.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WQCkzB

Joint hypermobility related to anxiety, also in animals

(Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona) Researchers from the UAB and the IMIM published in Scientific Reports the first evidence in a non-human species, the domestic dog, of a relation between joint hypermobility and excitability: dogs with more joint mobility and flexibility tend to have more anxiety problems.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2RnVgVc

Motherhood can deliver body image boost -- new study

(Anglia Ruskin University) New research indicates that perfectionism is related to breast size dissatisfaction, but only in non-mothers -- suggesting that mothers are more comfortable with their bodies.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2RnVcoq

Inattentive children will earn less money at 35

(University of Montreal) An international team led by Université de Montréal researchers finds that if kids can't pay attention in kindergarten, they will grow up to have less lucrative careers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2wZCqdN

Reports of unprofessional behavior by surgeons and risk of complications for patients

(JAMA Network) This observational study looked at whether patients whose surgeons were more often reported by coworkers for unprofessional behavior were at greater risk of postoperative complications. The analysis included data from reports of unprofessional behavior by coworkers for 202 surgeons from two academic medical centers, as well as data on surgical and medical complications within 30 days of operation for 13,653 patients.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XYAoGD

Certain behaviors in kindergarten associated with lower adult salary

(JAMA Network) Inattention among kindergarteners was associated with lower earnings as adults in this study based on behavioral ratings from kindergarten teachers for 2,850 children in Canada at ages 5 or 6 and government tax returns for those same children as adults at ages 33 to 35.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2IrhvH9

Vitamin D supplementation not associated with reduced cardiovascular events

(JAMA Network) This study, called a meta-analysis, combined the results of 21 randomized clinical trials with about 83,000 patients to look at whether vitamin D supplementation was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease events such as heart attack or stroke. Some observational studies have suggested an association between low blood levels of vitamin D and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease events.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2Y0atOE

How seafood shells could help solve the plastic waste problem

Chitin and chitosan from crustacean shells could put a dent in the world’s plastic waste problem.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/2WT7PO9

World Scientific launches open access journal on international relations

(World Scientific) World Scientific and Shanghai International Studies University School of International Relations and Public Affairs (SIRPA) jointly publish an open access journal on policy and theory in international studies. It aims to facilitate exchange of ideas between China and the world.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WTRN6E

New honorary doctors at University of Gothenburg

(University of Gothenburg) Gunilla Backman, Carl Bennet, and Denis Mukwege have been appointed honorary doctors at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2N0BhgI

High postural sway doubles older women's fracture risk

(University of Eastern Finland) Postural sway is an independent risk factor for bone fractures in postmenopausal women, according to a new study from the University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital. Women with the highest postural sway had a two times higher fracture risk compared to women with the lowest postural sway.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/31GICp3

What role can households play in the energy transition?

(Université de Genève) What role can households play in the energy transition? The European ENERGISE project, led by UNIGE in Switzerland, carried out an experiment to reduce energy consumption. The goal was to lower room temperatures to 18°C and to halve the amount of washing cycles. The results indicated that the changes did result in low energy consumption by up to 6%, as well as 13 million m3 of water saved -- without any significant impacts on comfort levels.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XqN8st

Study: How arousal impacts physiological synchrony in relationships

(University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus) A team of researchers led by a member of the Colorado School of Public Health faculty at the Anschutz Medical Campus examined what type of social interaction is required for people to display physiological synchrony --mutual changes in autonomic nervous system activity. The study also looked at whether the levels of autonomic arousal people share predicts affiliation and friendship interest between people.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2ZwOAa5

Brain anatomy links cognitive and perceptual symptoms in autism

(RIKEN) Neuroscientists at the RIKEN Center for Brain Science (CBS) and University College London have found an anatomical link between cognitive and perceptual symptoms in autism. Published in the Journal of Neuroscience, the study identified a posterior region of the brain whose size -- amount of gray matter -- is related to both cognitive rigidity and overly stable visual perception, two symptoms of autism that until now were only conceptually related.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XWMKyU

Your nose knows when it comes to stronger memories

(New York University) Memories are stronger when the original experiences are accompanied by unpleasant odors, a team of researchers has found. The study broadens our understanding of what can drive Pavlovian responses and points to how negative experiences influence our ability to recall past events.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XZF3rG

A computer model explains how to make perfectly smooth crepes

Here’s how to prepare thin pancakes that are perfectly smooth, according to science.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/2MZTtXU

Cleveland Clinic performs its first in utero fetal surgery

(Cleveland Clinic) Cleveland Clinic has successfully performed its first in utero fetal surgery to repair a spina bifida birth defect in a nearly 23-week-old fetus.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2FkzA7P

Boomers back on the dating scene seek cosmetic procedures to put their best face forward

(MediaSource) In today's dating world, singles make snap judgments about potential dates as fast as they can swipe. For the 20 million baby boomers currently using online dating sites, the high stakes of the modern dating world can be intimidating as they age. New statistics by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons show that more Americans age 55 and older are seeking cosmetic procedures to help them put their best face forward.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2MWkbR4

Crocs' climate clock: Ancient distribution of Crocs could reveal more about past climates

(Taylor & Francis Group) Underneath their tough exteriors, some crocodilians have a sensitive side that scientists could use to shine light on our ancient climate, according to new findings published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://bit.ly/31DGnmB

New study shows how environmental disruptions affected ancient societies

(Louisiana State University) A new study shows that over the past 10,000 years, humanity has experienced a number of foundational transitions, or 'bottlenecks.' During these periods of transition, the advance or decline of societies was related to energy availability in the form of a benign climate and other factors.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://bit.ly/2KoXJ0W

Alcohol advertisements influence intentions to intervene in sexual assault situations

(Washington State University) College students who viewed alcohol advertisements that included objectified images of women were less likely than others to report intentions to intervene in alcohol-facilitated sexual assault situations.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WLLVMO

Risky business: New data show how manatees use shipping channels

(Dauphin Island Sea Lab) A new publication in the journal Frontiers in Marine Science tracks West Indian manatee movements through nearshore and offshore ship channels in the north-central Gulf of Mexico. A new publication in the journal Frontiers in Marine Science tracks West Indian manatee movements through nearshore and offshore ship channels in the north-central Gulf of Mexico.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2Rly4H6

Food neophobia may increase the risk of lifestyle diseases

(National Institute for Health and Welfare) Your parents were right: you should always try all foods! Food neophobia, or fear of new foods, may lead to poorer dietary quality and increase the risk factors associated with chronic diseases.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2Y1MCyo

Democrats and Republicans agree: Take politics out of health policymaking

(Drexel University) It's no secret that Americans are politically divided, but a new report offers hope that Democrats and Republicans find common ground on at least one issue: the role of 'evidence' in developing and shaping health laws. Strong bipartisan support exists for a greater use of 'evidence' -- defined as information based on reliable data and produced by statistical methods -- in development of health policy in the United States. The study is published today in Translational Behavioral Medicine from a researcher at Drexel University's Dornsife School of Public Health.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2MV3iGo

Suicide rates among US adolescents, young adults continue to increase

(JAMA Network) A detailed analysis of recent national data on suicide rates among young people ages 15 to 24 reports 6,241 suicides in 2017, and suicide rates at ages 15 to 19 and 20 to 24 that have increased to their highest point since 2000. This study used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to take a closer look at suicide rates in the United States among young people and to see if increases from 2000 to 2016 were continuing.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WLLUZg

Rotavirus vaccines may lower kids’ chances of getting type 1 diabetes

Vaccination against rotavirus is associated with a reduced incidence of type 1 diabetes in children, according to an analysis of U.S. insurance data.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/2Xn6SgC

Researchers link gene to cannabis abuse

(Aarhus University) New research from the national psychiatric project, iPSYCH, shows that a specific gene is associated with an increased risk of cannabis abuse. The gene is the source of a so-called nicotine receptor in the brain, and people with low amounts of this receptor have an increased risk of cannabis abuse.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2Zy411Y

Antidepressants can reduce the empathic empathy

(University of Vienna) Depression is a disorder that often comes along with strong impairments of social functioning. Until recently, researchers assumed that acute episodes of depression also impair empathy, an essential skill for successful social interactions and understanding others. Novel insights of an interdisciplinary from the University of Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna show that antidepressant treatment can lead to impaired empathy regarding perception of pain, and not just the state of depression itself.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/31ClaJL

Gut microbes associated with temperament traits in children

(University of Turku) Scientists in the FinnBrain research project of the University of Turku discovered that the gut microbes of a 2.5-month-old infant are associated with the temperament traits manifested at six months of age. Temperament describes individual differences in expressing and regulating emotions in infants, and the study provides new information on the association between behaviour and microbes. A corresponding study has never been conducted on infants so young or in the same scale.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XoLQOF

Adequate protein intake associates with lower risk of frailty

(University of Eastern Finland) Adequate intake of protein is associated with a reduced risk of frailty and prefrailty in older women, according to a new study from the University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital. Adequate protein intake was defined as at least 1.1 g per kg of body weight. The findings were published in European Journal of Nutrition.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2ZzU8Rs

Elsevier launches Current Research journals

(Elsevier) Elsevier, the information analytics business specializing in science and health, continues to expand its offering of gold open access titles with the launch of Current Research, a series of primary research titles spanning the life and physical sciences. Current Research will serve as a companion to the highly-regarded Current Opinion review journals.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2Xiqcf3

New AI system manages road infrastructure via Google Street View

(RMIT University) A program to monitor street signs automatically via Google Street View will save time and money for municipal authorities.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2x2nzz4

Rebirth of the Japanese black tea market: challenges for entrepreneurial green tea farmers

(Kanazawa University) We investigated the history of Japanese black tea, its decline, the manufacturing technology and the components of tea. We found that the main reasons for the revival and spread of Japanese black tea were production and manufacturing innovation. Fermentation is an especially important process because it determines tea quality. Fermentation technology was established by entrepreneurial farmers and transferred to other Japanese black tea farmers, resulting in the rapid market creation of Japanese black tea.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WLxFDM

Study: Marijuana use increases, shifts away from illegal market

(University of Washington) A new article published by researchers from University of Puget Sound and University of Washington reports that, based on analysis of public wastewater samples in at least one Western Washington population center, cannabis use both increased and substantially shifted from the illicit market since retail sales began in 2014.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/31FdiXP

New grant funds anti-aging study

(Texas Biomedical Research Institute) The William and Ella Owens Medical Research Foundation has awarded Texas Biomed Associate Professor Marcel Daadi, Ph.D., with a grant of more than $100,000 to test a promising FDA-approved drug for reversing age-related cognitive decline and memory deficits observed in aged baboons.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WLyCHz

Evidence of hiring discrimination against nonwhite groups in 9 countries examined

(Northwestern University) A new meta-analysis on hiring discrimination by Northwestern University sociologist Lincoln Quillian and his colleagues finds evidence of pervasive hiring discrimination against all nonwhite groups in all nine countries they examined. Yet some countries discriminate more than others -- and certain laws and institutional practices might explain why.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XVkoVR

New study suggests automation will not wipe out truck-driving jobs

(SAGE) While stories in the media present automation as having the potential to eliminate large swaths of jobs in the near future, a new study by researchers Maury Gittleman and Kristen Monaco argues otherwise.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2IombNW

Female rats face sex bias too

In neurobiological studies, male lab animals tend to outnumber females, which are considered too hormonal. Scientists say it’s time for that myth to go.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/2ImRxo2

Hyenas roamed the Arctic during the last ice age

Two teeth confirm the idea that hyenas crossed the Bering land bridge into North America, a study finds.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/2XXNrrU

Health policies key factor in hospitalization of seniors

(University of Waterloo) Government policy and infrastructure have a substantial impact on hospitalization of older adults, according to a University of Waterloo study.The study examined the experiences of 254,664 patients in home-care programs and 162,045 residents in long-term care in Alberta, British Columbia and Ontario.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2Inuzx6

Terminally ill who request doctors make decisions undergo more aggressive final treatments

(Rutgers University) Terminally ill patients who request that physicians make decisions on their behalf are more likely to receive aggressive treatments in the weeks before they die, according to a Rutgers study.The study, published in the Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, is the first to examine if personal beliefs and attitudes of both patients and physicians affect end-of-life treatments that can be painful and risky.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XVu5Dx

Study finds alcohol and tobacco appear frequently in UK reality television

(Oxford University Press USA) A new study in the Faculty of Public Health's Journal of Public Health, published by Oxford University Press, finds that tobacco and alcohol usage are extremely common in British reality television shows.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WNtAKH

U of Guelph study finds health professionals need to be cautious on social media

(University of Guelph) Posting a single negative comment to Facebook may hinder health professionals' credibility with current or potential patients, a new University of Guelph study reveals.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2x1qnfP

Performance improves when the enemy of an enemy is a friend

(Northwestern University) New research from Northwestern University finds that balanced professional networks are more important than individual talent when it comes to high-risk decision-making.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WOlSQm

Young adults who live near medical marijuana dispensaries use more often

(RAND Corporation) Medical marijuana is legal in some form in 33 states, but relatively little is known about the availability of marijuana and use among younger people. A new study finds that younger adults who live in neighborhoods with more medical marijuana dispensaries use marijuana more frequently than their peers and have more-positive views about the drug. The associations were strongest among young adults who lived near dispensaries that had storefront signs.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2wUKMTZ

Study underscores role of menthol cigarettes in smoking cessation

(University at Buffalo) Researchers cite Big Tobacco's marketing stronghold on African-American smokers among reasons why this group is 12% less likely to quit.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2x0uatY

Managing the risk of aggressive dog behavior

(University of Bristol) Aggressive behavior in pet dogs is a serious problem for dog owners across the world, with bite injuries representing a serious risk to both people and other dogs. New research by the University of Bristol has found that clinical animal behaviorists should focus on helping dog owners to feel confident in the effectiveness of the behavior modification techniques that they recommend and, in their ability, to actually use them successfully.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WOKFnk

Cold weather increases the risk of fatal opioid overdoses

(Brown University) While the precise reasons are unclear, an analysis of overdose deaths in Rhode Island and Connecticut showed that cold snaps raised the risk of fatal opioid overdoses by 25%.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WMykjI

New study shows gender pay gap is still issue for airline staff

(Swansea University) The gender pay gap within airlines is often attributed to the fact that men frequently carry out high technically skilled jobs such as pilots and mechanics, whereas women commonly work in customer service roles like cabin crew.But a new paper by Swansea University researchers has revealed that the gap exists for cabin crew after controlling for contract type.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2wXSsVl

Do video games drive obesity?

(University of Würzburg) Are children, teenagers and adults who spend a lot of time playing video games really more obese? A meta study conducted with the the University of Würzburg has looked into this question. The cliché is true -- but only for adults.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WKs5gd

Study compares cognitive outcomes in patients with MS based on disease onset

(JAMA Network) Adults who had pediatric-onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) before they were 18 were more likely to have greater cognitive consequences than patients who developed MS as adults. This study used Swedish registry data and included 5,704 patients with MS (300 of whom had pediatric-onset of the disease), and it compared test scores reflective of information-processing efficiency.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2ILolGe

Is sexting associated with sexual behaviors, mental health among teens?

(JAMA Network) This study, called a systematic review and meta-analysis, combined the results of 23 studies with nearly 42,000 participants to summarize associations between sexting by adolescents, sexual behavior and mental health risk factors. The results suggest sexting was associated with sexual activity, multiple sex partners, a lack of contraception use, delinquent behavior, anxiety/depression, alcohol and drug use, and smoking.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/31CmLyW

Climate change threatens commercial fishers from Maine to North Carolina

(Rutgers University) Most fishing communities from North Carolina to Maine are projected to face declining fishing options unless they adapt to climate change by catching different species or fishing in different areas, according to a study in the journal Nature Climate Change.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2INkvwd

Climate change had significant impact on Amazon communities before arrival of Europeans

(University of Exeter) Climate change had a significant impact on people living in the Amazon rainforest before the arrival of Europeans and the loss of many indigenous groups, a new study shows.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://bit.ly/31NJHLY

Social media use contributing to poor mental health in Indonesia, research finds

(University of Manchester) Social media use is contributing to poor mental health in Indonesia, research presented in a paper by Sujarwoto Sujarwoto, Gindo Tampubolon and Adi Cilik Pierewan has found.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XqDIxm

Tuning into the LCDs of tomorrow: Exploring the novel IGZO-11 semiconductor

(Tokyo University of Science) Indium-gallium-zinc oxide ceramics are used as the backplane for flat-panel displays, this was made possible through substantial synergistic contributions coming from the powerhouse that is Japan. A team of researchers from Japan reports the synthesis of centimeter-scale single crystals of a particular type of these semiconductors, InGaZnO4 (IGZO-11), with attractive characteristics such as wide band gap and high electrical mobility and conductivity, which make it promising candidates for transparent optoelectronic devices like touchable displays and organic LEDs.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2ZsgxQr

Rinsing system in stomach protects the teeth of ruminants

(University of Zurich) When they graze, goats, sheep and cows often ingest bits of earth that can be damaging to their teeth. Researchers from the University of Zurich have now shown how the animals protect themselves against dental abrasion: their stomach system rinses dust and sand off the ingested food before it is chewed for the second time.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WPJZxY

Canada's largest national dementia research initiative funded for second phase by the CIHR

(Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care) Thanks to a $46-million investment from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and other funding partners, the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) will be renewed for a second phase, as announced by the Minister of Health, the Honourable Ginette Petitpas Taylor, today.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XiMhdb

Norovirus close-ups might help fight stomach flu

Detailed views of a common stomach virus that causes vomiting and diarrhea could aid vaccine and disinfectant development.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/2XgRwdr

Schizophrenia: Adolescence is the game-changer

(Université de Genève) Schizophrenia may be related to the deletion syndrome. However, not everyone who has the syndrome necessarily develops psychotic symptoms. What triggers the illness? Researchers (UNIGE) have provided an initial answer after analysing several years of patients with deletion syndrome. They found that the size of the hippocampus was smaller than normal but followed the same developmental curve as in healthy subjects. Yet, when the first psychotic symptoms appear - generally in adolescence - the hippocampus atrophies dramatically.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/31CPLGZ

New time-banking system utilizes blockchain tech to measure one's value to society

(Binghamton University) Citizens from the island of Aneityum in the Republic of Vanuatu are working with faculty from Binghamton University, State University of New York to test their true value as humans.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/31CvJw5

Diamond detectors could aid the search for dark matter

Elusive dark matter particles could be spotted when they slam into electrons or atomic nuclei within diamond, scientists say.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/2XnZTnw

Is a long-dormant Russian volcano waking up? It’s complicated

Scientists debate how to interpret seismic activity near Bolshaya Udina on the remote Kamchatka Peninsula.

from Latest Headlines | Science News http://bit.ly/2WPmNjo

New study examines the association between race, ethnicity and exclusionary discipline practices

(University of Kentucky) Discipline and how it is administered in schools across the US continues to be a hotly debated topic. Now a University of Kentucky doctoral graduate's expansive research on the subject has been published in the Journal of School Psychology and is gaining widespread attention from teachers, administrators, and researchers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2WKzThN

What influences critical care doctors in withdrawing life support for patients with brain injury?

(Joule Inc.) Decisions to withdraw life support treatments in critically ill patients with severe brain injury are complicated, are based on many factors, and are usually made by critical care physicians and families in the intensive care unit. A study in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal) provides new understanding on the decision-making processes for this patient population, which accounts for most hospital deaths from trauma.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2x44j49

Interest free loans could prevent homelessness and save councils millions, according to a new study

(Taylor & Francis Group) A homeless prevention interest free loan scheme in Lewisham, which has helped over 300 families escape eviction and saved the council over £1 million, could be replicated across the UK a new study suggests.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2KiI2Zn

Identifying the risk of recurrence of developmental disorder in future pregnancies

(European Society of Human Genetics) A new study aims to provide healthy couples who have a child affected by a developmental disorder with a personalised pre-conception risk evaluation, in order to determine the likelihood of a future child being affected by the same condition.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2IOF5MZ

What it takes for green businesses to advertise online

(American Society for Horticultural Science) The internet has facilitated the growth of online advertising over the past decade, and online advertising has moved from being a peripheral to a central advertising medium because of its unique targeting capabilities. Yet, green industry firms struggle to integrate online advertising into their existing advertising strategy.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XLS0oV

Integral Molecular reaches milestone in I-O target discovery collaboration with Daiichi Sankyo

(Integral Molecular) Integral Molecular, the industry leader in discovering antibodies against multipass membrane proteins, announced that it has successfully reached the first milestone in its collaboration with Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. to discover new immuno-oncology (I-O) therapeutic targets.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2XfXZFA

Better prognosticating for dogs with mammary tumors

(University of Pennsylvania) For dogs with mammary tumors, deciding a course of treatment can depend on a variety of factors, some of which may seem to contradict one another. With a new, practical system developed by University of Pennsylvania veterinarians and colleagues, determining a prognosis and making treatment decisions should be an easier task.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://bit.ly/2MJ745B