Benefits of physical activity may outweigh impact of obesity on cardiovascular disease

(European Society of Cardiology) The benefits of physical activity may outweigh the impact of overweight and obesity on cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly people, according to research published today in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. The observational study was conducted in more than 5,000 people aged 55 years and older who were followed-up for 15 years.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lok4ea

Study finds participants feel moral outrage toward those who decide to not have children

(Indiana University) Data representing individuals from across the United States indicates that US adults are increasingly delaying the decision to have children or forgoing parenthood entirely. Yet evidence suggests that voluntarily child-free people are stigmatized for this decision, according to a study published in the March 2017 edition of Sex Roles: A Journal of Research.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2laj028

CIFAR's quantum physicist Louis Taillefer first Canadian to win Simon Prize

(Canadian Institute for Advanced Research) Canadian quantum physicist Louis Taillefer, Director of CIFAR's Quantum Materials program, has been named the 2017 Simon Memorial Prize winner. He is the first Canadian to receive the prize since it was established in 1957.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lnMx3X

Study: Physicians not prepared for male patients who perpetrate intimate partner violence

(Boston University Medical Center) Family medicine physicians feel underprepared to serve patients whom they know are perpetrators of intimate partner violence, particularly if they also provide care to the victim. These findings appear in the Journal of American Board of Family Medicine.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lal7TM

Climate research needs greater focus on human populations

(International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis) How climate change will affect future populations will depend to a great extent on people's capacity to adapt to changing conditions. Such characteristics can be forecast in the long term, using well-established demographic methods, argue researchers from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mr32ky

Study shows how information sources affect voters

(Massachusetts Institute of Technology) For all the fact-checking and objective reporting produced by major media outlets, voters in the US nonetheless rely heavily on their pre-existing views when deciding if politicians' statements are true or not, according to a new study co-authored by MIT scholars.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lUdQV9

New pregnancy testing technique needs limits says ethics body

(Nuffield Council on Bioethics) A new report on non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) calls for better information and support; calls for a moratorium on the use of NIPT in sequencing the whole genome of fetuses; and calls for a ban on its use in finding out the sex of the fetus.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lTZDHL

Early warning signs might have been missed in one in six heart attack deaths in England

(Imperial College London) Heart attack symptoms might have been missed in many patients admitted to hospital, according to a study on all heart attack hospital admissions and deaths in England.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lTUqzO

From heroin addiction to alcohol-related problems

(University of Zurich) Methadone programs and long-term therapy using other opioids evidently work. People addicted to heroin consume less heroin, cocaine and even alcohol at the beginning of the treatment. As a long-term study conducted by the University Psychiatric Hospital and the University of Zurich reveals, however, the alcohol consumption among these patients has increased considerably since the 1990s.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2l98LLC

Differences in sex and running ability influence declines in marathon performance, study finds

(Georgia State University) A person's sex and running ability play a role in the decline of their performance in marathons as they get older, according to a Georgia State University study.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lvMIL6

WSU looks for practices to thwart antimicrobial resistance

(Washington State University) Washington State University scientists are addressing growing global concern about the spread of antimicrobial resistance in Africa. Their work identifying practices that lead to bacterial transmission could help save African lives and prevent the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria to the US and other parts of the globe.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lQoyxD

NYU researchers coax colloidal spheres to self-assemble into photonic crystals

(NYU Tandon School of Engineering) It is difficult to make colloidal spheres self-assemble into photonic crystals, which are valued for their optical properties. A team of engineers and scientists from the NYU Tandon School of Engineering, the NYU Center for Soft Matter Research, and Sungkyunkwan University School of Chemical Engineering in the Republic of Korea report they have found a pathway toward the self-assembly of these elusive photonic crystal structures never assembled before on the sub-micrometer scale. 

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lvzxtI

Study explores HPV vaccine acceptability in sexual minorities

(University of California - Riverside) Human papillomavirus (HPV), which causes genital warts and can lead to several cancers, is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, affecting about 630 million people worldwide. Focusing on Peruvian 'men who have sex with men' and transgender women, a research team, led by an assistant professor in the School of Medicine at the University of California, Riverside, has found that a preventive HPV vaccine is widely, though not universally, accepted among those populations.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lQrZ7H

Women may be at higher risk for sports-related concussion than men

(American Academy of Neurology) Women athletes are 50 percent more likely than male athletes to have a sports-related concussion, according to a preliminary study released today that will be presented at the American Academy of Neurology's 69th Annual Meeting in Boston, April 22 to 28, 2017.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lvOz2G

Aggression disorder linked to greater risk of substance abuse

(University of Chicago Medical Center) People with intermittent explosive disorder (IED) -- a condition marked by frequent physical or verbal outbursts -- are at five times greater risk for abusing substances such as alcohol, tobacco and marijuana than those who don't display frequent aggressive behavior, according to a new study by researchers from the University of Chicago.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lQjNEm

To maximize a child's development, genetics provide important insight

(Grand Challenges Canada) A child's genetic make-up can play a large, hidden role in the success of efforts to maximize his or her development, South African research suggests.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lvsRMo

Genes may influence susceptibility to interventions promoting maternal-infant attachment

(PLOS) Infants with a genetic polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene may be more susceptible to a psychosocial intervention designed to promote maternal-infant attachment in South Africa, according to a study in PLOS Medicine. In a study led by Mark Tomlinson from Stellenbosch University, South Africa, with lead author Barak Morgan from the University of Cape Town, South Africa and colleagues, data from a randomized controlled trial were reanalysed in light of new genetic data.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lQsD51

Transgender and gender-fluid teens left with few safe harbors

(University of California - Berkeley) Transgender and gender-fluid teens, particularly those born male, face up to three times more mental and physical abuse at school and at home than their gender-conforming peers, according to a new study from the University of California, Berkeley.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2l8sqLz

Mathematical theorem finds gerrymandering in PA congressional district maps

(Carnegie Mellon University) Pennsylvania's congressional district maps are almost certainly the result of gerrymandering according to an analysis based on a new mathematical theorem on bias in Markov Chains developed by Carnegie Mellon University and University of Pittsburgh mathematicians.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lkZv25

Study finds new link between childhood abuse and adolescent misbehavior

(University of Pittsburgh) An important learning process is impaired in adolescents who were abused as children, a University of Pittsburgh researcher has found, and this impairment contributes to misbehavior patterns later in life.In a newly released study, published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Pitt Assistant Professor Jamie L. Hanson detailed the connection between impaired associative learning capacities and instances of early childhood abuse.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mpAJ5R

Male poison frogs become cannibals after taking over territories

(University of Veterinary Medicine -- Vienna) Systematic 'infanticide' of unrelated young occurs in several animal species. For carnivores and primates, infanticidal actions are mainly sexually motivated. A study in Scientific Reports by researchers of Vetmeduni Vienna has shown for the first time that also male poison frogs selectively eat other males' offspring -- after having taken over their rivals' territories. They were thus able to demonstrate that even simple decision rules can mediate a complex behavioral pattern such as parental care.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m3EM7b

Children and youth learning English require better support for academic success

(National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine) Despite their potential, many English learners (ELs) -- who account for more than 9 percent of K-12 enrollment in the US -- lag behind their English-speaking monolingual peers in educational achievement, in part because schools do not provide adequate instruction and social-emotional support to acquire English proficiency or access to academic subjects at the appropriate grade level, says a new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m9hjBY

NeuroVision announces participation in landmark Alzheimer's A4 study

(Public Relations Pacific LLC) NeuroVision Imaging LLC ('NeuroVision') today announced its participation in a new substudy with investigators at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine (UC San Diego) and the University of Southern California (USC) to be part of the landmark Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's (or 'A4') clinical trial. The purpose of the A4 study is to test whether a new investigational treatment that may reduce beta-amyloid accumulation in the brain can also slow memory loss caused by Alzheimer's disease.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mpxLOO

Study finds police use out of court resolutions in over 5,000 domestic abuse cases

(Oxford University Press USA) A study published in the British Journal of Criminology investigated the nature and extent of UK police use of 'out of court resolutions' in cases of domestic abuse and found that many forces are potentially putting lives at risk. The researchers call for an immediate stop to street level resolutions in cases of domestic abuse involving partners or ex-partners.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mHb19d

The oldest fossil giant penguin

(Springer) Together with colleagues from New Zealand, Senckenberg scientist Dr. Gerald Mayr described a recently discovered fossil of a giant penguin with a body length of around 150 centimeters. The new find dates back to the Paleocene era and counts among the oldest penguin fossils in the world. In their study, published in the Springer journal The Science of Nature, the team of scientists postulates that the evolution of penguins started much earlier than previously thought.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://ift.tt/2m8FpNb

Body of knowledge to provide foundations for training next generation of cyber security specialists

(Lancaster University) A comprehensive 'Body of Knowledge' to inform and underpin education and professional training for the cyber security sector is set to be created through a major international program of work.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m2SaIz

£1m grant to investigate how cultural pursuits affect health and wellbeing

(Imperial College London) A joint venture between the Royal College of Music and Imperial was awarded £1 million for a new research project on the arts and health.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mAwt0g

Happy notes, happy memories

(Springer) Happy memories spring to mind much faster than sad, scary or peaceful ones. Moreover, if you listen to happy or peaceful music, you recall positive memories, whereas if you listen to emotionally scary or sad music, you recall largely negative memories from your past. Those are two of the findings from an experiment conducted by Signy Sheldon and Julia Donahue of McGill University in Canada, and reported in the journal Memory & Cognition.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2l7YQpC

Arts and humanities in progress

(Kaunas University of Technology) The book aims to introduce a research concept called 'Numanities, 'as one possible attempt to overcome the current scientific, social and institutional crisis of the humanities.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m2Tyej

Using Google to map our ecosystem

(ETH Zurich) Researchers in the Singapore-ETH Centre's Future Cities Laboratory developed a method to quantify ecosystem services of street trees. Using nearly 100,000 images from Google Street View, the study helps further understanding on how green spaces contribute to urban sustainability.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2l874yb

Walnuts may support sperm health, according to new animal research

(Edelman Seattle) New animal research suggests eating a walnut-enriched diet may improve sperm quality by reducing lipid peroxidation, a process that can damage sperm cells. This form of cell damage harms sperm membranes, which are primarily made up of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).1 Walnuts are the only tree nut that are predominantly comprised of PUFAs (one ounce contains 13 grams of PUFAs out of 18 grams of total fat).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lunQ6M

Science builds bridges, not walls, diplomacy experts tell UA audience

(University of Arizona College of Engineering) From eradicating weapons of mass destruction to the scourge of malaria, the speakers at a recent University of Arizona conference -- including a Nobel laureate, ambassadors and advisers to secretaries of state -- know firsthand how science can build trust where politics cannot.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2luGTOg

OU study clarifies risky decision making during a heart attack

(University of Oklahoma) In a recent study to determine why some individuals who experience symptoms for acute coronary syndrome decide to seek medical attention more quickly than others, a University of Oklahoma researcher has identified numeracy -- the ability to understand and apply numerical concepts as the primary decision delay risk factor for individuals experiencing the medical condition. Cardiovascular disease, which includes conditions such as acute coronary syndrome, is the number one killer worldwide responsible for about one in three deaths.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m2ONBj

Book reveals why support of US Global war on terror has been lukewarm

(University of Vermont) If President Donald Trump's administration plans to pressure Muslim states into supporting the US Global War on Terror, they would be wise to consider the findings in a new book showing showing historically weaker counterterrorism support from countries where the religion-state balance leans toward the former.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mGJBAc

Sleepovers with stuffed animals help children learn to read

(Elsevier) Sending stuffed animals for a sleepover at the library encourages children to read with them, even long after the sleepover took place, say researchers in a new study in Heliyon. For the first time, the study proves stuffed animal sleepovers are an effective way to get children to read.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lRtPTW

Kids want parental help with online risk, but fear parental freak outs

(Penn State) In a study, teens rarely talked to their parents about potentially risky online experiences. Parents and children often have much different perceptions of and reactions to the same online situations. Some of these situations may include cyberbullying, sexual exchanges and viewing inappropriate content online.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lsnHRe

Could community-based 'Change Clubs' improve heart health in black women?

(Tufts University, Health Sciences Campus) A new study suggests that civic engagement, in the form of community-based 'Change Clubs,' engages Black/African American women to address nutrition and exercise concerns in their community and motivates them to change their individual behaviors, which may improve heart health.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m3Y7FK

Millennials in PR don't feel ready to give companies advice on moral dilemmas, study finds

(Baylor University) Millennials pursuing careers in public relations don't feel ready to give advice on moral dilemmas to their companies. In fact, they don't expect to face ethical dilemmas at work, according to a Baylor University study.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mDHYDi

How your brain makes articles go viral

(University of Pennsylvania) New fMRI research reveals what goes on in the brain when people decide to share news articles with others. The researchers then used this neural activity in 80 people to accurately predict the virality of 80 New York Times health articles.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m3VDXM

Study aims to see how children with cochlear implants learn words

(MediaSource) A new study at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center is examining how children with cochlear implants learn new words differently than children with normal hearing. Though implants allow children to hear, many still struggle with language skills for years because learning words with the aid of cochlear implants isn't the same as learning naturally with normal hearing.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lP6AKh

Will naming the Anthropocene lead to acceptance of our planet-level impact?

(Lehigh University) Does a name in itself have sufficient symbolic power to cause a paradigm shift in how humans perceive our role in the changing geological patterns of the planet? That is among the questions with which David Casagrande, associate professor of anthropology at Lehigh University and his colleagues grapple in their latest article in Anthropology Today: 'Ecomyopia in the Anthropocene.'

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lgVNqq

Online security apps focus on parental control, not teen self-regulation

(Penn State) Mobile apps designed to keep teens safe online are overwhelmingly focused on parental control, which may be only a short-term solution that hinders a teen's ability to learn coping strategies in the long run. In a study of 74 Android mobile apps designed to promote adolescent online safety, the researchers said that 89 percent of security features on the apps are focused on parental control, while about 11 percent supported teen self-regulation.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lh3EEq

Increased physical activity, lower BMI may lower heart failure risk

(American College of Cardiology) Lifestyle patterns, including physical activity and body mass index (BMI), are associated with a risk of overall heart failure but are more strongly associated with the heart failure subtype HFpEF, according to a study published today in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mnc7el

Woodstoves are good for the soul, bad for the heart

(McGill University) The risk of acute myocardial infarction for the elderly living in and around small cities is increased by air pollution caused by biomass burning from woodstoves.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mDtdjR

Dogs, toddlers show similarities in social intelligence

(University of Arizona) University of Arizona researcher Evan MacLean, director of the Arizona Canine Cognition Center, found that dogs and 2-year-old children show similar patterns in social intelligence, much more so than human children and one of their closest relatives: chimpanzees. The research could help scientists better understand how humans evolved socially.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mmPNl2

New studies illustrate how gamers get good

(Brown University) Researchers led by a Brown University computer scientist used data from online video games to study what kinds of practice and habits help people acquire skill.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lYwzBa

Do we look like our names? New research says yes

(The Hebrew University of Jerusalem) Independent observers beat the odds of guessing a person's true name based on their facial appearance alone, in a series of studies reported in the the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. The research indicates that a process of self-fulfilling prophecy may be at work, in which people become what other people expect based on stereotypes associated with their name.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mwjDA9

Detailed Las Vegas earthquake site classifications could lower construction costs

(Seismological Society of America) Results of a massive new project to map and classify the earthquake shaking potential across most of the Las Vegas metropolitan area will help developers there build in safer and less expensive ways.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mwsIsE

Puzzle of the Maya pendant

(University of California - San Diego) A UC San Diego archaeologist found a jade pendant once belonging to an ancient Maya king in what we think of as the provinces of that world. Why was it buried? And might its inscriptions change our understanding of Maya migrations and political history?

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://ift.tt/2lOxIcm

Puzzle of the Maya pendant

(University of California - San Diego) A UC San Diego archaeologist found a jade pendant once belonging to an ancient Maya king in what we think of as the provinces of that world. Why was it buried? And might its inscriptions change our understanding of Maya migrations and political history?

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lOxIcm

Trials in humans near for antibody to block cocaine's impact on the brain

(University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center) A University of Cincinnati (UC) researcher who has developed an immunotherapy to help reverse cocaine addiction that's been successful in animal models says he hopes to have it in clinical trials in human volunteers within a year.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mw5e74

It may not have been too late to save 'extinct' pigeon

(University of Kent) The Passenger Pigeon, a species of pigeon that died out in the early years of the 20th century, could have been saved even after it was considered doomed to extinction.As a result of this research, conservationists now have a model to test for functional extinction -- defined as a total reproductive failure -- allowing them to question species' extinctions in the past, as well as those that may be heading towards extinction.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lOpmRU

Faulty genomic pathway linked to schizophrenia developing in utero, study finds

(University at Buffalo) The skin cells of four adults with schizophrenia have provided an unprecedented 'window' into how the disease began while they were still in the womb, according to a recent paper in Schizophrenia Research.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lgyLji

Largest study of factors affecting African Americans with cancer announced in Detroit

(Wayne State University - Office of the Vice President for Research) The Karmanos Cancer Institute and Wayne State University School of Medicine will launch the nation's largest study of African American cancer survivors to better understand disproportionately high incidence and mortality from cancer and its impact on this specific patient population.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2l4Iy0T

Given the choice, patients will reach for cannabis over prescribed opioids

(University of British Columbia Okanagan campus) Chronic pain sufferers and those taking mental health meds would rather turn to cannabis instead of their prescribed opioid medication, according to new research by the University of British Columbia and University of Victoria.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2l4bZ2M

Pregnancy-specific β1-glycoproteins

(Bentham Science Publishers) Development of new strategies and novel drug design to treat trophoblastic diseases and to provide pregnancy success are of crucial importance in maintenance the female reproductive health.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2l4clXo

Do you look like your name? People can match names to faces of strangers with surprising accuracy

(American Psychological Association) If your name is Fred, do you look like a Fred? You might -- and others might think so, too. New research published by the American Psychological Association has found that people appear to be better than chance at correctly matching people's names to their faces, and it may have something to do with cultural stereotypes we attach to names.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lNOSXA

Archeologists at the vanguard of environmental research

(Uppsala University) The history of people and landscapes, whether natural or cultural, is fundamentally connected. Answering key historical questions about this relation will allow us to approach our most important environmental issues in novel ways. Today in the open access journal PLOS ONE archeologists present a list of 50 priority issues for historical ecology.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lNUFwb

Archeologists at the vanguard of environmental research

(Uppsala University) The history of people and landscapes, whether natural or cultural, is fundamentally connected. Answering key historical questions about this relation will allow us to approach our most important environmental issues in novel ways. Today in the open access journal PLOS ONE archeologists present a list of 50 priority issues for historical ecology.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://ift.tt/2lNUFwb

Changes in RNA splicing: a new mechanism for genetic risk in schizophrenia

(RIKEN) New research has identified sections of DNA associated with altered regulation of gene expression underlying schizophrenia. The implicated loci contribute to schizophrenia risk by affecting alternative splicing, part of the process that translates the same DNA code into multiple different proteins.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lfI5DX

Brain imaging headband measures how our minds align when we communicate

(Drexel University) Past research has revealed that our brains synchronize when listening to the same idea or story. Now, biomedical engineers have developed a tool to better understand this phenomenon.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mlApVQ

Study sheds light on B.C. youths' experiences with mental health services

(University of British Columbia) Through interview excerpts with youth who have experienced first episode psychosis, the study highlights the impacts of mental health services on these young people, including their interactions with psychiatrists, case managers, social workers and supports for housing, recreation, and employment.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lphq8S

Better communication key to cutting earthquake death toll, experts say

(Taylor & Francis Group) Communicating earthquake risk has long been a major challenge for scientists. Yet the right messages at the right time can and will save lives, say US communication scholars in an article published in the Journal of Applied Communication Research, a National Communication Association publication.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lKQUJP

Universal public coverage of essential medicines would improve access, save billions

(University of British Columbia) Publicly funding essential medicines could cover the cost of nearly half of all prescriptions in Canada, removing financial barriers for Canadians while saving $3 billion per year.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lppMNF

Preventing and treating smoking in children and youth

(Canadian Medical Association Journal) A first-ever guideline from the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care on tobacco use by children and youth aged 5 to 18 years recommends that physicians should play a more active role in the prevention and treatment of cigarette smoking in this age group. The guidelines were published in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lKZ9FD

UEA launches new programme to address international inequalities in adult education

(University of East Anglia) A major new research program will be launched today at the University of East Anglia (UEA) to help improve understanding about how adult learning can address inequalities in the poorest communities of the world.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2loBGHA

Living with children may mean less sleep for women, but not for men

(American Academy of Neurology) New research backs up what many women already know: They're sleep deprived. Unlike men, a good night's sleep for women is affected by having children in the house, according to a preliminary study released today that will be presented at the American Academy of Neurology's 69th Annual Meeting in Boston, April 22 to 28, 2017.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2loergO

New study on smoking bans finds decreasein smoke exposure in public and private places

(Oxford University Press USA) Exposure to secondhand smoke has long been associated with negative health effects. A study of secondhand smoke exposure after two smoking bans in Spain, publishing today in Nicotine & Tobacco Research, suggests that overall exposure can be decreased across all settings by comprehensive legislative efforts.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kZJALr

Never too late: Reaping the benefits of exercise in early postmenopause

(The Physiological Society) Women recently postmenopause have similar or improved benefits from physical activity, in terms of muscle and blood vessel function, as those premenopause. Therefore, early postmenopause might be a time when women can gain increased benefit from physical activity to oppose negative effects of oestrogen loss and aging.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2ljx9Gl

Watching birds near your home is good for your mental health -- official

(University of Exeter) People living in neighborhoods with more birds, shrubs and trees are less likely to suffer from depression, anxiety and stress, according to research by academics at the University of Exeter, the British Trust for Ornithology and the University of Queensland.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mmzIs7

The making of music

(Harvard University) A new study suggests that music -- and specifically infant-directed song -- evolved as a way for parents to signal to children that their needs are being met, while still freeing up parents to perform other tasks, like foraging for food, or caring for other offspring.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lEnECM

Study shows adipose stem cells may be the cell of choice for therapeutic applications

(Morris Animal Foundation) An international team of researchers, funded by Morris Animal Foundation, has shown that adipose (fat) stem cells might be the preferred stem cell type for use in canine therapeutic applications, including orthopedic diseases and injury.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mlyq0C

Men with superior higher cognitive ability better at taking heart medication

(Uppsala University) After a heart attack, it is important for patients to take medication that lowers cholesterol levels. In a new study published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, researchers at Uppsala and Umeå Universities have found that general cognitive ability (intelligence) has a bearing, in the first year and two years after the heart attack, on how well men take statins prescribed for them.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2l8gTqI

Princeton-Intel collaboration breaks new ground in studies of the brain

(Princeton University) Princeton University and Intel researchers have collaborated to develop software that allows for 'decoding digital brain data' to reveal how neural activity gives rise to learning, memory and other cognitive functions. The software can be used in real time during an fMRI brain scan.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mfLNCE

Study shows ancient humans arrived in South America in multiple waves

(University at Buffalo) The findings published Wednesday (Feb. 22, 2017) in the journal Science Advances suggest that Paleoamericans share a last common ancestor with modern native South Americans outside, rather than inside, the Americas and underscore the importance of looking at both genetic and morphological evidence, each revealing different aspects of the human story, to help unravel our species' history.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mtkgcU

Study shows ancient humans arrived in South America in multiple waves

(University at Buffalo) The findings published Wednesday (Feb. 22, 2017) in the journal Science Advances suggest that Paleoamericans share a last common ancestor with modern native South Americans outside, rather than inside, the Americas and underscore the importance of looking at both genetic and morphological evidence, each revealing different aspects of the human story, to help unravel our species' history.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://ift.tt/2mtkgcU

38,000 year-old engravings confirm ancient origins of technique used by Seurat, Van Gogh

(New York University) A newly discovered trove of 16 engraved and otherwise modified limestone blocks, created 38,000 years ago, confirms the ancient origins of the pointillist techniques later adopted by 19th and 20th century artists such as Georges Seurat, Vincent Van Gogh, Camille Pissarro, and Roy Lichtenstein.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://ift.tt/2mtncGI

Study catalogs the complex flavors of American-made goat cheese

(Kansas State University) Researchers generated a flavor lexicon that lists the 39 flavor attributes in cheeses made with goat milk. Flavor lexicons are important tools for cheesemakers because they help with development, product benchmarking and quality control.

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NSF Law and Social Sciences program issues new awards

(National Science Foundation) Grants support research into crucial social issues.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mt4Mpz

Can staying active help to prevent chronic pain? Physical activity affects pain modulation in older adults

(Wolters Kluwer Health) Older adults with higher levels of physical activity have pain modulation patterns that might help lower their risk of developing chronic pain, reports a study in PAIN®, the official publication of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP). The journal is published by Wolters Kluwer.

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Interactive health apps may inspire healthy behaviors, but watch the tone

(Penn State) Just like real doctors and nurses, online health tools with good -- but controlled -- communication skills can promote healthier lifestyles, according to researchers. However, if their tone is conversational, these tools may lull users into a false sense of comfort, they add. In a study, people who experienced a back-and-forth interaction with an online health risk assessment website were more likely to follow the health behaviors suggested by the tool.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kUqV3v

Study examines ways to use demand information to adjust capacity

(University of Texas at Dallas) A new UT Dallas study derived optimal policies and data-driven, problem-solving techniques for firms to learn about demand so that they can decide when and by how much they should adjust their capacity level.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lAbpsA

What effect does prenatal and postpartum maternal depression have on children?

(Wiley) The results of a large study do not support the notion that prenatal and postpartum maternal depression is particularly detrimental to children's psychological development. Instead, the most robust effects were found for maternal depression occurring during children's preschool years.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mkQact

Elevated stress levels among Norway's youngest in childcare

(Norwegian University of Science and Technology) Norwegian researchers measured the stress hormone cortisol in 112 toddlers from 85 different childcare centers in six municipalities, approximately five months after they started attending. Children with the longest childcare days (eight-nine hours) showed increases in cortisol during the day.

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Teach yourself everyday happiness with imagery training

(Frontiers) In a recently published paper in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, scientists at the Smartbrain Clinic in Oslo, Norway find that self-guided positive imagery training can successfully combat negative emotions in our daily lives. This tool is so powerful that it also changes the way our brain functions.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lA1FhW

New risk factors for anxiety disorders

(University of Würzburg) Several newly discovered variants of a gene increase the risk of developing anxiety disorders. A research team aims to derive new therapies from this finding which are better tailored to the individual patients.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lNc61T

Dean at UC Riverside receives 2017 Insight Into Diversity Magazine Giving Back Award

(University of California - Riverside) Deborah Deas, M.D., M.P.H, the Mark and Pam Rubin Dean and Chief Executive Office for Clinical Affairs at the University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, has received the 2017 Giving Back Award from INSIGHT Into Diversity magazine, the oldest and largest diversity and inclusion publication in higher education.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kUtUt1

Colorado School of Mines and Virginia Tech to create minerals industry consortium

(Colorado School of Mines) Colorado School of Mines is teaming with Virginia Tech to develop an integrated approach to locating, characterizing and visualizing mineral resources. The goal is to advance mining operations and boost exploration success rates while minimizing financial risk and environmental impact.The proposed Center for Advanced Subsurface Earth Resource Models would provide exploration and mining companies worldwide with new 3-D subsurface geological models, informing decision-making and risk management at all stages of the mining life cycle.

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The potential consequences for cancer care and cancer research of Brexit

(ecancermedicalscience) Cancer leaders highlight main fears for patient care, treatment and research in a post-Brexit world.

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Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)

(IOS Press) Greek researchers demonstrated the potential of a self-administered virtual supermarket cognitive training game for remotely detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI), without the need for an examiner, among a sample of older adults. MCI patients suffer from cognitive problems and often encounter difficulties in performing complex activities such as financial planning. They are at a high risk for progressing to dementia however early detection of MCI and suitable interventions can stabilize the patients' condition and prevent further decline.

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Who sweats more: Men or women?

(The Physiological Society) Sex differences in heat loss responses are dependent on body size and not sex, meaning that larger individuals sweat more than smaller ones during cycle exercise in warm and tolerable conditions. That's what research published today in Experimental Physiology shows.

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Gambling adverts on TV can 'mislead' football fans

(University of Stirling) Football fans are being 'misled' by complex gambling adverts on television, a University of Stirling study has found.

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Deep brain stimulation for patients with chronic anorexia is safe and might improve symptoms

(The Lancet) Small study in 16 people suggests technique is safe and might help improve mood, anxiety and well-being, while increasing weight.

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Bored by physical therapy? Focus on citizen science instead

(NYU Tandon School of Engineering) Researchers have devised a method by which patients improved their repetitive rehabilitative exercises by contributing to scientific projects in which massive data collection and analysis is needed. The citizen science activity entailed the environmental mapping of a polluted body of water with a miniature instrumented boat, which was remotely controlled through physical gestures tracked by the Microsoft Kinect, a low-cost motion capture system.

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The truth about catnip (video)

(American Chemical Society) Catnip is notorious for its euphoric effects on our feline companions. What is it about catnip that makes cats go nuts, and what benefit does this have for the plants? The secret may be a chemical that has more to do with six-legged creatures than our four-legged friends. Watch the latest Speaking of Chemistry video here: https://youtu.be/G-XUpY82S18.

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Understanding the impact of delays in high-speed networks

(American Association for the Advancement of Science) In a world increasingly reliant on high-speed networks, introducing microsecond delays into such systems can have profound effects.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kRqdUI

Global vaccine injury system needed to improve public health

(University of Missouri-Columbia) In an article published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, Sam Halabi, University of Missouri associate professor of law, argues that a global vaccine injury compensation system administered through the World Health Organization would address the global public health issue of vaccine injuries.

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Values gap in workplace can lead millennials to look elsewhere

(University of Missouri-Columbia) Much has been made in popular culture about millennials as they join the working world, including their tendency to job hop. Although this behavior often is explained as a loyalty issue, new research from the University of Missouri reveals one reason young workers choose to leave a firm is because they find a disconnect between their beliefs and the culture they observe in the workplace.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lvBhFM

Executive indiscretions can hurt the bottom line

(University of Missouri-Columbia) Adam Yore, an assistant professor of finance in the University of Missouri Trulaske College of Business at the University of Missouri, shows that personal indiscretions by executives can have multimillion dollar consequences for the companies that employ them.Yore and his co-authors examined 325 instances of executive indiscretions. The analysis found an immediate loss in shareholder value of 4.1 percent or $226 million when CEOs were involved in the misstep.

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More day cares near by, more germs? Maybe not, according to Drexel whooping cough study

(Drexel University) A team of Drexel University researchers looking into how a higher density of day care facilities may affect the prevalence of illness in a neighborhood and found that it doesn't really have much of an effect.

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New research on rape kit processing sees improvements

(Brigham Young University) BYU professor Julie Valentine is on the front lines of sexual assault kit processing reform. Her latest, groundbreaking research was just released, showing drastic improvement in submission rates.

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AAAS and March for Science partner to uphold science

(American Association for the Advancement of Science) AAAS, the world's largest general scientific organization, announced Thursday that it will partner with the March for Science, a nonpartisan set of activities that aim to promote science education and the use of scientific evidence to inform policy.

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USC publishes results of a fasting mimicking diet that may reverse diabetes

(Crier Communications, Inc.) A landmark study published today Cell finds that providing mice with a temporary, specifically formulated Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD™) promotes the growth of new insulin-producing pancreatic cells and reduces symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The study also examined pancreatic cell cultures from human type 1 diabetes patients, finding similar results. The results suggest that a Fasting Mimicking Diet could alleviate diabetes in humans.

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Fasting-mimicking diet may reverse diabetes

(University of Southern California) In a study on mice and another study on human pancreatic cells, researchers discover that a scientifically designed fasting diet can trigger the generation of new pancreatic cells to replace dysfunctional ones and stabilize blood glucose.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lzXuB4

Many patients receive prescription opioids during treatment for opioid addiction

(Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health) More than two in five people receiving buprenorphine, a drug commonly used to treat opioid addiction, are also given prescriptions for other opioid painkillers -- and two-thirds are prescribed opioids after their treatment is complete, a new Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health study suggests.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kQZeIU

English learners treated differently depending on where they go to school

(Michigan State University) As the number of English learners continues to grow across the nation, new research indicates these students are being treated differently depending on where they go to school.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2ld2VVE

Lack of training contributes to burnout, survey of preschool teachers finds

(University of Missouri-Columbia) Studies have shown that early childhood education programs can have a positive impact on a child's success later in life. However, the annual turnover rate nationally for teachers of preschool-age children is approximately 30 percent. Now, researchers at the University of Missouri School of Medicine have surveyed early childhood teachers and identified factors that may lead to stress and burnout.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kQm1Vm

Penn study finds sons of cocaine-using fathers have profound memory impairments

(University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine) Fathers who use cocaine at the time of conceiving a child may be putting their sons at risk of learning disabilities and memory loss. The findings of the animal study were published online in Molecular Psychiatry by a team of researchers from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. The researchers say the findings reveal that drug abuse by fathers -- separate from the well-established effects of cocaine use in mothers -- may negatively impact cognitive development in their male offspring.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kQDg8T

#Unfiltered: Instagram has become a haven for people making sensitive self-disclosures

(Drexel University) New research from Drexel University is steadily uncovering the areas of social network sites where the sufferers are finding solace. In their latest finding researchers in Drexel's College of Computing & Informatics, who study how people interact on social media, have observed that one way people in pain are overcoming silence is by using Instagram -- and recruiting pictures to help them explain the feelings and experiences that are often too painful or complicated to put into words.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kQpOSw

Researchers use laser-generated bubbles to create 3-D images in liquid

(The Optical Society) Researchers have developed a completely new type of display that creates 3-D images by using a laser to form tiny bubbles inside a liquid 'screen.' Instead of rendering a 3-D scene on a flat surface, the display itself is three-dimensional, a property known as volumetric. This allows viewers to see a 3-D image in the columnar display from all angles without any 3-D glasses or headsets.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lJCUQy

Eight a day is clearly best for the heart

(Norwegian University of Science and Technology) A comprehensive meta-analysis of 142 articles from 95 population studies shows that the risk of dying prematurely from all causes was reduced by almost a third, and the risk of cardiovascular disease by about a quarter in people who ate 800 grams of fruit and vegetables-- or eight a day -- compared to those who ate very little or no fruits and vegetables.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2moOk9J

Top professional performance through psychopathy

(University of Bonn) The term 'psychopath' is not flattering: such people are considered cold, manipulative, do not feel any remorse and seek thrills without any fear -- and all that at other's expense. A study by psychologists at the University of Bonn is now shattering this image. They claim that a certain form of psychopathy can lead to top professional performance, without harming others or the company.

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43rd Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation

(European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation) During its 43rd Annual Meeting, the EBMT will acknowledge the work that stems from the pioneering observations made by E. Donnall Thomas, also known as the father of bone marrow transplantation. At the Opening Session, Rainer Storb from the faculty of both, the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the University of Washington School of Medicine, will give a keynote lecture entitled, '60 years of HSCT: progress from bone marrow transplantation to the first cellular and gene therapies.'

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lurO1C

Removing barriers to early intervention for autistic children: A new model shows promise

(Medical University of South Carolina) Acting on recommendations from the South Carolina Act Early Team, South Carolina changed its policies to pay for early intensive behavioral intervention in children under three revealed to be at high risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by a two-stage screening process. Previously, a formal diagnosis of ASD had been required. As a result, the number of children under three receiving early intervention grew five-fold. The findings are reported in the February 2017 Pediatrics.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mg3bUN

Sorting out risk genes for brain development disorders

(University of Washington Health Sciences/UW Medicine) Gene discovery research is uncovering similarities and differences underlying a variety of disorders affecting the developing brain, including autism, attention deficits, tics, intellectual impairments, developmental delays and language difficulties. Researchers found some genes are more closely associated with autism and others with intellectual impairments, but many times there is overlap, indicating some genes pose broader risks. Certain genes were detected only in males with high-functioning autism.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lcwUwQ

Is back pain killing us?

(University of Sydney) Older people who suffer from back pain have a 13 per cent increased risk of dying from any cause, University of Sydney research has found. Published in the European Journal of Pain, the study of 4390 Danish twins aged more than 70 years investigated whether spinal pain increased the rate of all-cause and disease-specific cardiovascular mortality.

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A prescription with legs!

(McGill University Health Centre) Research shows that physician-delivered step count prescriptions, combined with the use of a pedometer, can lead to a 20 per cent increase in daily steps, as well as measurable health benefits, such as lower blood sugar and lower insulin resistance, for patients with hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mfNpt0

Mayo Clinic researchers discover link between aging, devastating lung disease

(Mayo Clinic) A Mayo Clinic study has shown evidence linking the biology of aging with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a disease that impairs lung function and causes shortness of breath, fatigue, declining quality of life, and, ultimately, death. Researchers believe that these findings, which appear today in Nature Communications, are the next step toward a possible therapy for individuals suffering from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2l2T43R

Tired teens 4.5 times more likely to commit crimes as adults

(University of Pennsylvania) University of Pennsylvania professor Adrian Raine discovered that teenagers who experience sleep problems and exhibit anti-social behavior are more likely to commit violent crimes as adults.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2meP7KS

Public lecture on brain fitness, press room, and more: CNS 2017 only 4 weeks away

(Cognitive Neuroscience Society) The CNS 2017 conference - only 4 weeks away - will bring together more than 1,500 scientists at the Hyatt Regency in San Francisco from March 25-28. They will discuss the latest neuroscience research on memory, language, aging, attention, and learning - in 50+ talks and 1,000+ posters. Kicking off the conference will be Adam Gazzaley, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Francisco, discussing his work on cognitive enhancement.

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Study finds resistant infections rising, with longer hospital stays for US children

(Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society) Infections caused by a type of bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics are occurring more frequently in US children and are associated with longer hospital stays and a trend towards greater risk of death, according to a new study published in the Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society.

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Nursing home residents need more activities to help them thrive

(Wiley) In a survey of staff from 172 Swedish nursing homes, most residents had been outside the nursing home during the previous week, but only one-fifth had been on an outing or excursion.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kOInGS

Meditation benefits patients with ALS

(Wiley) An eight-week mindfulness-based meditation program led to improved quality of life and psychological well-being in clinical trial of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2l2iv5h

Adolescent sleepiness may contribute to future crimes

(Wiley) In a recent study of adolescents, those who reported being sleepy during the day were more likely to be antisocial, and they were 4.5-times more likely to commit crime by age 29.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kOKhqR

Up to 10 portions of fruit and vegetables a day may prevent 7.8 million premature deaths

(Imperial College London) A fruit and vegetable intake above five-a-day shows major benefit in reducing the chance of heart attack, stroke, cancer and early death.This is the finding of new research, led by scientists from Imperial College London, which analyzed 95 studies on fruit and vegetable intake.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mdXWVh

New approach to reduce risk of developing type 2 diabetes trialled in Liverpool

(University of Liverpool) An international clinical trial conducted by the University of Liverpool has shown that the drug liraglutide 3.0 mg may reduce diabetes risk by 80 percent in individuals with obesity and prediabetes according to a study published today in The Lancet.

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Ocd-like behavior linked to genetic mutation

(Northwestern University) A new Northwestern Medicine study found evidence suggesting how neural dysfunction in a certain region of the brain can lead to obsessive and repetitive behaviors much like obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lqyNst

Study supports use of aspiration as frontline thrombectomy therapy for acute ischemic stroke

(Merryman Communications) Results of the ASTER Trial provide additional evidence of Penumbra's aspiration system as an effective frontline thrombectomy approach for acute ischemic stroke as part of the ADAPT (A Direct Aspiration, First Pass Technique) technique. The data showed that the ADAPT technique compared favorably: 85.4 percent of patients treated with aspiration achieved the primary endpoint of TICI 2b/3 at the end of the procedure compared with 83.1 percent of patients treated with stent retrievers.

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ACP applauds decision to uphold Md. assault weapons ban

(American College of Physicians) The American College of Physicians (ACP) applauds Tuesday's decision by the 4th US Circuit Court of Appeals to uphold a Maryland ban on assault weapons. The Maryland law bans 45 types of assault weapons and limits gun magazines to 10 rounds. The court ruled that Second Amendment protections did not apply to 'weapons of war.'

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UC professor lifts the curtain on Rome's first imperial family

(University of Cincinnati) From Augustus to Nero, Romans treated the Julio-Claudian emperors like gods during their reigns and condemned them as monsters after their deaths. A new book by a University of Cincinnati classicist offers the first detailed study of how the only surviving literary witness to the dynasty's rise and fall reinterprets the history of Rome's first imperial family.

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JNeurosci: Highlights from the Feb. 22 issue

(Society for Neuroscience) The Zika virus gained worldwide attention after it was linked to serious birth defects in babies born to infected mothers. But how the virus wreaks havoc on the developing brain is only gradually coming into focus. In a new study using a novel mouse model of Zika infection, researchers find the virus may initially target a class of support cells in the brain called astrocytes and that it can travel down nerve fibers to spread throughout the brain.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lqaFWN

UC professor lifts the curtain on Rome's first imperial family

(University of Cincinnati) From Augustus to Nero, Romans treated the Julio-Claudian emperors like gods during their reigns and condemned them as monsters after their deaths. A new book by a University of Cincinnati classicist offers the first detailed study of how the only surviving literary witness to the dynasty's rise and fall reinterprets the history of Rome's first imperial family.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m8H5Xa

New study to document Alzheimer's disease risk factors in Latinos

(Rush University Medical Center) Rush University Medical Center has launched a unique, cohort study called Latino Core to learn about the aging process and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease in older Latino adults.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mcPLIW

Accepting and adapting are keys to sustaining a career after acquired hearing loss

(Oregon State University) For adults who acquire severe hearing loss, accepting and adapting to the loss play key roles in sustaining a career and thriving in the workplace, new research from Oregon State University indicates.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mm6Cbq

How do polar bears respond to climate change, subsistence hunting?

(University of Washington) A new, two-part project led by the UW's Kristin Laidre aims to explore the interacting effects of climate change and subsistence hunting on polar bears, while also illuminating the cultural value of the species to indigenous peoples and the role they play in conservation.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m8xvUv

Northwestern anthropologist receives grant to measure water insecurity

(Northwestern University) Under a new $310,000 grant from the U.K.-funded Innovative Metrics and Methods for Agriculture and Nutrition Actions (IMMANA) research initiative, Northwestern University anthropologist Sera Young, a fellow in the University's Institute for Policy Research, and an international team of researchers seek to develop a cross-cultural scale of perceived household water insecurity.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mm9k0Q

Researchers uncover brain circuitry central to reward-seeking behavior

(University of North Carolina Health Care) UNC scientists found that as mice learn to associate a particular sound with a rewarding sugary drink, one set of prefrontal neurons becomes more active and promotes reward-seeking behavior while other prefrontal neurons are silenced, and those neurons act like a brake on reward-seeking.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m8mgv1

Brain scans could help doctors predict adolescents' problem drug use before it starts

(Stanford University) Impulsive behavior in teens can go hand in hand with drug use, but the link is weak and doesn't necessarily predict future behavior. A Stanford psychologist and colleagues think they can do better, using images of the brain.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lphwQk

Science versus the 'Horatio Alger myth'

(DOE/Los Alamos National Laboratory) In a new study published today in the journal PLOS ONE, Los Alamos National Laboratory scientists have taken a condensed matter physics concept usually applied to the way substances such as ice freeze, called 'frustration,' and applied it to a simple social network model of frustrated components. They show that inequality of wealth can emerge spontaneously and more equality can be gained by pure initiative.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lpbiQx

Postwar economic policies fueled prosperity decades later, UT Dallas study finds

(University of Texas at Dallas) New research by an economist at The University of Texas at Dallas challenges accepted notions about the 1950s postwar economy and argues that policies from that era laid a foundation that continues to protect the economy from volatility in inflation and gross domestic product.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mcCQHd

IURTC, Rose-Hulman Ventures collaborate on record number of technology projects in 2016

(Indiana University) A collaboration makes it possible for engineering students and project managers at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology to create prototypes of devices invented by researchers at Indiana University.

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We read emotions based on how the eye sees

(Association for Psychological Science) We use others' eyes -- whether they're widened or narrowed -- to infer emotional states, and the inferences we make align with the optical function of those expressions, according to new research published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. The research reveals, for example, that people consistently associate narrowed eyes -- which can enhance visual discrimination -- with discrimination-related emotions including disgust and suspicion.

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Researchers reverse high blood pressure in offspring of hypertensive rats

(University of Iowa) University of Iowa researchers have demonstrated how harmful health complications passed from mother rats to their offspring can be reversed. The tests may point the way toward preventing the transfer of certain health conditions from human mothers to their children.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lphGHl

Historic cultural records inform scientific perspectives on woodland uses

(University of York) Scientists at the University of York and University College Cork have investigated how cultural records dating back 300 years could help improve understanding of the ways in which science interprets the many uses of woodland areas.

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What do your co-workers really think of you?

(Washington University in St. Louis) Everyday in the workplace, colleagues actively compete for a limited amount of perks, including raises, promotions, bonuses and recognition. But new research from Washington University in St. Louis shows that, more than often than not, people fall short in determining which co-workers might be trying to edge them out on the job.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m7ZVxW

Exposing the realities of eviction

(National Science Foundation) Social scientist Matthew Desmond discusses his NSF-funded work.

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Birds of a feather mob together

(Springer) Dive bombing a much larger bird isn't just a courageous act by often smaller bird species to keep predators at bay. It also gives male birds the chance to show off their physical qualities in order to impress females. This is according to a study, led by Filipe Cunha, in Springer's journal Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology on predator mobbing behavior of birds where potential prey approach and harass would-be predators such as owls.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m7XQSA

Uncertainty perception drives public's trust, mistrust of science

(Carnegie Mellon University) Many policies -- from medicine to terrorism -- depend on how the general public accepts and understands scientific evidence. People view different branches of sciences as having different amounts of uncertainty, which may not reflect the actual uncertainty of the field. Carnegie Mellon University researchers took the first step to understanding more of the whole picture by measuring scientific uncertainty broadly -- across many areas of science, not just topics that are typically polarized.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kMbMRR

Device will rapidly, accurately and inexpensively detect the Zika virus at airports

(Florida Atlantic University) About the size of a tablet, a portable device that could be used in a host of environments like a busy airport or even a remote location in South America, may hold the key to detecting the dreaded Zika virus accurately, rapidly and inexpensively using just a saliva sample. For about $2 and within 15 minutes, researchers hope to accurately determine whether or not an individual has an active infection.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mc0542

No spoilers! Most people don't want to know their future

(American Psychological Association) Given the chance to see into the future, most people would rather not know what life has in store for them, even if they think those events could make them happy, according to new research published by the American Psychological Association.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lvg7pP

The never-ending story: Chemicals that outlive -- and harm -- us

(Green Science Policy Institute) Chemical manufacturers have agreed to pay $670 million in damages to people with cancer and other health harm from exposure to a recently phased-out highly fluorinated chemical. In a peer-reviewed feature article to appear February 22nd in the journal Environmental Science & Technology, researchers highlight that thousands of related chemicals continue to provide water-repellant, stain-resistant, and non-stick properties to furniture, carpets, outdoor gear, clothing, cosmetics, cookware, food packaging, and other products worldwide.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lFhO68

JBJS, Inc., NEJM Group, and Area9 collaborate on adaptive learning in orthopaedics

(Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery) Using research-proven, state-of-the-art adaptive learning technology developed by Area9 and employed by NEJM Knowledge+, JBJS Clinical Classroom will provide orthopaedic surgeons with a personalized learning experience at any stage in their career.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kY1MQC

Depression puts psoriasis patients at significantly greater risk of psoriatic arthritis

(Elsevier Health Sciences) Psoriasis is a lifelong disease that is associated with significant cosmetic and physical disability and puts patients at increased risk for many major medical disorders. A multidisciplinary team of researchers at the University of Calgary, Canada, have found that psoriasis patients who developed depression were at a 37 percent greater risk of subsequently developing psoriatic arthritis, compared with psoriasis patients who did not develop depression. Their findings are published in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2l6ludP

Estrogen therapy shown effective in reducing tooth and gum diseases in postmenopausal women

(The North American Menopause Society (NAMS)) Estrogen therapy has already been credited with helping women manage an array of menopause-related issues, including reducing hot flashes, improving heart health and bone density, and maintaining levels of sexual satisfaction. Now a new study suggests that the same estrogen therapy used to treat osteoporosis can actually lead to healthier teeth and gums. The study outcomes are being published online today in Menopause, the journal of The North American Menopause Society (NAMS).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lEjgph

How cathedral termites got to Australia to build their 'sky-scrapers'

(University of Sydney) They build among the tallest non-human structures (proportionately speaking) in the world and now a pioneering study has found the termites that live in Australia's remote Top End originated from overseas -- rafting vast distances and migrating from tree-tops to the ground, as humans later did. They adapted to significant environmental changes, including increasingly arid conditions and changed from wood- to grass-eaters, with their ground-based fortresses are now a prominent feature of remote areas 'Down Under'.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mjH9zJ

Cat ownership not linked to mental health problems

(University College London) New UCL research has found no link between cat ownership and psychotic symptoms, casting doubt on previous suggestions that people who grew up with cats are at higher risk of mental illness.This disproves recent research which has suggested that cat ownership might contribute to some mental disorders, because cats are the primary host of the common parasite Toxoplasma Gondii (T. Gondii), itself linked to mental health problems such as schizophrenia.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lJW2Pb

Death rates from cancer will fall faster in men than in women in Europe in 2017

(European Society for Medical Oncology) Death rates from cancer in the European Union (EU) are falling faster in men than in women, according to the latest predictions for European cancer deaths in 2017, published in the leading cancer journal Annals of Oncology. Compared with 2012, death rates in men will fall by just over eight percent to 132 per 100,000 of the population in 2017, while in women the decline will be around four percent to 84.5 per 100,000.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2mjE9mC

Life expectancy set to increase in developed nations

(The Lancet) Life expectancies in developed countries are projected to continue increasing, with women's life expectancy potentially surpassing 90 years old in South Korea by 2030, according to a study published in The Lancet.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lJPUGv

Average life expectancy set to increase by 2030

(Imperial College London) Average life expectancy is set to increase in many countries by 2030 -- and will exceed 90 years in South Korea, according to new research. The study, led by scientists from Imperial College London in collaboration with the World Health Organization, analyzed long-term data on mortality and longevity trends to predict how life expectancy will change in 35 industrialized countries by 2030.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kXiO1f

Genetic data show mainly men migrated from the Pontic steppe to Europe 5,000 years ago

(Uppsala University) A new study, looking at the sex-specifically inherited X chromosome of prehistoric human remains, shows that hardly any women took part in the extensive migration from the Pontic-Caspian Steppe approximately 5,000 years ago. The great migration that brought farming practices to Europe 4,000 years earlier, on the other hand, consisted of both women and men. The difference in sex bias suggests that different social and cultural processes drove the two migrations.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://ift.tt/2lkbosm

Peptide reverses cardiac fibrosis in a preclinical model of congestive heart failure

(Medical University of South Carolina) Cardiac fibrosis, an abnormal thickening of the heart wall leading to congestive heart failure, was not only halted but also reversed by a caveolin-1 surrogate peptide (CSD) in a preclinical model, report researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina in an article published online on Jan. 23, 2017 by Laboratory Investigation. CSD was able to decrease the fibrotic ventricular wall thickness and improve heart function, all with apparently no toxicity and minimal off-target effects.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kIVnxo

Genetic data show mainly men migrated from the Pontic steppe to Europe 5,000 years ago

(Uppsala University) A new study, looking at the sex-specifically inherited X chromosome of prehistoric human remains, shows that hardly any women took part in the extensive migration from the Pontic-Caspian Steppe approximately 5,000 years ago. The great migration that brought farming practices to Europe 4,000 years earlier, on the other hand, consisted of both women and men. The difference in sex bias suggests that different social and cultural processes drove the two migrations.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lkbosm

Dying patients who received palliative care visited the ER less

(American College of Emergency Physicians) WASHINGTON -- Community-based palliative care -- care delivered at home, not the hospital - was associated with a 50 percent reduction in emergency department visits for patients in their last year of life. The results of an Australian study were published online February 3rd in Annals of Emergency Medicine ('The Association of Community-Based Palliative Care with Reduced Emergency Department Visits in the Last Year of Life Varies by Patient Factors').

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m9iaQ9

Twitter researchers offer clues as to why Trump won

(University of Rochester) University of Rochester computer scientists were able to shed light on how Trump won the presidential election by using data science to track the millions of Twitter followers who liked or 'unliked' the candidates throughout the campaign.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lJlS5H

Anticipating the aroma of a chemical compound

(American Association for the Advancement of Science) Data collected through a crowdsourcing competition demonstrates that it is possible to accurately predict the smell of a molecule given its structure.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lJmXdN

William Julius Wilson to receive 2017 SAGE-CASBS Award

(SAGE) SAGE Publishing and the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (CASBS) at Stanford University are pleased to announce that William Julius Wilson is the 2017 recipient of the SAGE-CASBS Award.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m53BjN

E-cigarettes popular among smokers with existing illnesses

(Elsevier Health Sciences) In the US more than 16 million people with smoking-related illnesses continue to use cigarettes. According to a new study in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, current and former smokers who suffer from disease are more likely to have reported using an e-cigarette, meaning these patients may see e-cigarettes as safer or less harmful than combustible cigarettes and a way to reduce the risks posed by traditional smoking.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m4ZLah

Osteopathic technique helps locate ectopic pregnancies when imaging fails

(American Osteopathic Association) The location of an ectopic pregnancy can be determined quickly and easily with a simple, noninvasive physical examination technique used by osteopathic physicians. The method can be helpful in emergency situations, like ruptured ectopic pregnancies, when bleeding obscures traditional imaging. Ectopic pregnancies account for nearly 2 percent of all pregnancies in North America and are the leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lCQQMj

Children's Mercy honored as recipient of the 2017 Microsoft Health Innovation Awards

(Children's Mercy Hospital) Children's Mercy has been named a recipient of Microsoft Corp.'s 2017 Health Innovation Awards for its Cardiac High Acuity Monitoring Program (CHAMP). Nearly 2,000 babies are born each year with congenital heart disease consisting of a single ventricle. CHAMP combines traditional single-ventricle home monitoring, a service where nurse coordinators provide triage at home for highly fragile infants, with an innovative new app developed by the Ward Family Heart Center team at Children's Mercy.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kIx56I

Radiocarbon dating and DNA show ancient Puebloan leadership in the maternal line

(Penn State) Discovering who was a leader, or even if leaders existed, from the ruins of archaeological sites is difficult, but now a team of archaeologists and biological anthropologists, using a powerful combination of radiocarbon dating and ancient DNA, have shown that a matrilineal dynasty likely ruled Pueblo Bonito in New Mexico for more than 300 years.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://ift.tt/2l4h735

Negative health impact of economic recession unevenly distributed among groups in Spain

(Umea University) A study carried out in Andalusia, Southern Spain, following the 2007/2008 economic recession detected increasing inequalities in male mortality rates. Men with lower educational levels saw an increase in mortality compared to men with university level education. In addition, 5,000 additional suicide attempts were registered among middle aged men and women between 2008 and 2012. High unemployment and financial strain played a key role in these findings, according to research from Umeå University.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lD1CT1

New technique generates high volume of sensory cells needed for hearing

(Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary) In 2013, Mass. Eye and Ear researchers restored partial hearing to mice by converting stem cells into hair cells. However, the success of this approach was limited by the small number of stem cells in the ear. In a new study, the researchers have shown that they can augment the number of those cells, and then convert them into hair cells, lending hope that full hearing can be restored to those with acquired hearing loss.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lrBBDU

Exercise most important lifestyle change to help reduce risk of breast cancer recurrence

(Canadian Medical Association Journal) For patients with breast cancer, physical activity and avoiding weight gain are the most important lifestyle choices that can reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and death, according to an evidence-based review published in CMAJ.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kIpftV

Israeli, Palestinian researchers cooperate to find risks for B cell non-hodgkin lymphoma

(The Hebrew University of Jerusalem) Most epidemiological studies of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) have been carried out in North American and European populations, with very few focusing on B-cell NHL in Middle Eastern populations. Now, Israeli and Palestinian researchers have conducted a large scale epidemiological study examining risk factors for B-NHL and its sub-types in the Israeli and Palestinian populations, finding some risk factors common to both groups, and some that are unique to only one population.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kI7pY5

Anti-epilepsy medicine taken by pregnant women does not harm the child's overall health

(Aarhus University) Previous studies have shown that anti-epilepsy medicine may lead to congenital malformations in the fetus and that the use of anti-epilepsy medicine during pregnancy affects the development of the brain among the children. There is still a lack of knowledge in the area about the general health of children who are exposed to anti-epilepsy medicine in fetal life. But this new study is generally reassuring for women who need to take anti-epilepsy medicine during their pregnancy.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lIqt8p

New behavioral therapy to support Japanese mothers of children with ADHD

(Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University) OIST researchers are working to develop culturally appropriate parent-training programs for Japanese families of children with ADHD.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lIdNOM

The smallest Cas9 genetic scissors (so far)

(Institute for Basic Science) IBS scientists present the smallest member of the CRISPR-Cas9 family developed to date and show that it can fit inside adeno-associated viruses and mutate blindness-causing genes

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kVqe5f

New Year's resolutions: Have yours gone up in smoke?

(Queensland University of Technology) It's more than halfway through February and for many those hopeful New Year's resolutions to make some positive changes have fallen by the wayside. A QUT neuroscientist has published a new book on how to train your brain to stick with them long-term.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kVALNY

'Late-life' genes activated by biological clock to help protect against stress, aging

(Oregon State University) Researchers have discovered that a subset of genes involved in daily circadian rhythms, or the 'biological clock,' only become active late in life or during periods of intense stress when they are most needed to help protect critical life functions. The findings are part of a unique stress response mechanism that was previously unknown, and help explain why aging is often accelerated when the biological clock is disrupted.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kVsM38

Testosterone treatment improves bone density, anemia in men over 65

(LA BioMed) Research published today found testosterone treatment improved bone density and anemia for men over 65 with low testosterone. But the treatment didn't improve patients' cognitive function, and it increased the amount of plaque buildup in participants' coronary arteries.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lIva1J

Collaborative care provides improvement for older adults with mild depression

(The JAMA Network Journals) Among older adults with subthreshold depression (insufficient levels of depressive symptoms to meet diagnostic criteria), collaborative care compared with usual care resulted in an improvement in depressive symptoms after four months, although it is of uncertain clinical importance, according to a study appearing in the Feb. 21 issue of JAMA.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kVikc9

Benefits of testosterone therapy in older men are mixed

(Yale University) Older men with low testosterone levels showed improved bone density and strength, as well as reduced anemia, after one year of testosterone therapy, according to a new study conducted at Yale and other sites. The therapy had no impact on cognitive function, however, and may worsen plaque in coronary arteries, said the researchers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lIixUp

Testosterone treatments may increase cardiac risks

(LA BioMed) A new JAMA study found a 20 percent increase in arterial plaque among men aged 65 and older who received testosterone replacement therapy for a year,

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kVusK7

Cutting-edge cameras reveal the secret life of dolphins

(University of Sydney) A world-first study testing new underwater cameras on wild dolphins has given researchers the best view yet into their hidden marine world.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lr4boS

Online daters ignore wish list when choosing a match

(Queensland University of Technology) Despite having a 'wish list' stating their preference for potential ideal matches, most online daters contact people bearing no resemblance to the characteristics they say they want in a mate, according to QUT research. The finding was revealed in the 'Preference vs Choice in Online Dating' study conducted by QUT behavioral economists Stephen Whyte and Professor Benno Torgler who analyzed the online dating preferences and contact behavior of more than 41,000 Australians aged between 18-80.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kI0Vsb

Buying green doesn't make you green: QUT study

(Queensland University of Technology) Company bosses need to walk-the-walk when it comes to greening their business with technology, with new QUT research finding that just buying green IT, doesn't make you green. Professor Jan Recker, from the QUT Business School, said investment in Green IT paid off in terms of reducing costs but to generate green reputational and innovation benefits a more substantial change of strategy and practice was required from top-down and beyond the IT department.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kVlnAW

Autistic researcher tries to smooth the way for other autistic professionals

(Portland State University) The study, led by autistic Portland State researcher Dora Raymaker, aims to determine what helps autistic people do well professionally by interviewing 95 autistic people and those who work with them. This study is both a personal and academic interest for Raymaker, whose own path to professional success has been unconventional. Little research has been done on what helps autistic people be successful in professions.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kVDCpR

Family focused interventions for at risk children and youth

(Society for Research in Child Development) A new special section published in the journal Child Development includes articles from 12 sets of experts on how interventions can be developed to maximize resilience among children experiencing adversity and improve outcomes for their families as well.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2l42eO2

How habitat destruction figures in long-term survival plans

(eLife ) Some organisms might have an interesting strategy for long-term survival: switching between two unsustainable forms of behaviour that, when kept unchecked, can actually cause them to wipe out their own homes.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kVgWX7

Cocaine addiction leads to build-up of iron in brain

(University of Cambridge) Cocaine addiction may affect how the body processes iron, leading to a build-up of the mineral in the brain, according to new research from the University of Cambridge. The study, published today in Translational Psychiatry, raises hopes that there may be a biomarker -- a biological measure of addiction -- that could be used as a target for future treatments.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lHPcta

Four NYU faculty win Sloan Foundation Research Fellowships

(New York University) Four New York University faculty have been awarded fellowships from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lIcbVf

Growing number of teens think getting heroin is 'probably impossible'

(Saint Louis University) How easy do adolescents think it is to get heroin? A Saint Louis University researcher examines how their perceptions have changed from 2002 to 2014.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2liTwyj

More black police won't result in fewer police-involved homicides of black citizens

(Indiana University) Hiring more black police officers is not a viable strategy for reducing police-involved homicides of black citizens in most cities, according to new Indiana University research that is the first in-depth study of this increasingly urgent public policy question.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lj0oLV

Mindfulness shows promise as we age, but study results are mixed

(Ohio State University) Mindfulness is all the rage, but studies on the elderly have so far been mixed. More investigation is needed to determine how best to apply mindfulness in that population, a new review has found.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lI06PM

Biomarker predicts poor prognosis in African-Americans with triple-negative breast cancer

(Georgia State University) Having high levels of a certain biomarker is linked to poor prognosis in African-American patients with triple-negative breast cancer, while the same biomarker doesn't influence disease outcomes in white patients, according to a new study.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kVeQpP

AAP, Vanderbilt neonatologist urge public health approach for opioid use during pregnancy

(Vanderbilt University Medical Center) The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) issued a statement today stating that a public health response, rather than a punitive approach, is needed to address the increasing number of pregnant women using opioids.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2l3wyIQ

Humans are hard-wired to follow the path of least resistance

(University College London) The amount of effort required to do something influences what we think we see, finds a new UCL study suggesting we're biased towards perceiving anything challenging to be less appealing.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kUWp4E

Maths and maps make you nervous? It could be in your genes

(King's College London) Our genes play a significant role in how anxious we feel when faced with spatial and mathematical tasks, such as reading a map or solving a geometry problem, according to a new study by researchers from King's College London.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lHEcfj

Students more likely to succeed if teachers have positive perceptions of parents

(University of Missouri-Columbia) Researchers have found that teacher ratings of parental involvement early in a child's academic career can accurately predict the child's academic and social success.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2l3De9F

UBC study links slot-machine addiction to immersion in the game

(University of British Columbia) Gamblers who feel like they enter into a trance while playing slot machines are more likely to have gambling problems, according to new research from the Centre for Gambling Research at UBC.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2liN7TH

Researcher uncovers the secret history of self-harm

(Queen Mary University of London) Taking the reader from the Victorian era to modern Britain, Psyche on the Skin challenges the idea that self-harm is a phenomenon that can be attributed to 'how we live now.'

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m85uJ9

Body and brain timing can be trained

(Umea University) Good timing is vital in many situations of daily life, but is rarely something we consider. In a new dissertation from Umeå University in Sweden, Olympia Karampela shows that our ability for timing is something that can be trained and it seems to be connected with our cognitive capacity.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2liF1uk

Augsburg Master Builders' Ledgers now available online

(Johannes Gutenberg Universitaet Mainz) Historians at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) have spent three years working on an annotated digital edition of the account books known as the Augsburg Master Builders' Ledgers, which are now online. The material offers incomparable insights into the medieval accounting practices in the City of Augsburg in the period 1320 to 1466.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m8beCJ

A novel positioning algorithm based on self-adaptive algorithm

(Bentham Science Publishers) Much attention has been paid to the Taylor series expansion (TSE) method these years, which has been extensively used for solving nonlinear equations for its good robustness and accuracy of positioning. An early Taylor-series expansion location algorithm based on the RBF neural network (RBF-TSE) is proposed as the performance of TSE highly depends on the initial estimation.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2l3jaVe

Longevity-promoting superstar gets revealed in Caenorhabditis reproducibility project

(Buck Institute for Research on Aging) The amyloid dye Thioflavin T emerged as the superstar when age researchers in three independent laboratories tested ten already-promising pro-longevity chemicals across a range of distinctive strains and species of tiny nematode worms known as Caenorhabditis. The project, dubbed the Caenorhabditis Intervention Testing Program (CITP), tackled reproducibility, which has been a lingering problem in age research, given that some of the field's most prominent research findings cannot be replicated by other labs.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2l32yN0

Transgender political candidates still likely face an uphill battle, study finds

(University of Kansas) A new study led by a University of Kansas political scientist found 35 percent-40 percent of adults would oppose a transgender candidate for office, which was higher than the 30 percent who would likely oppose a gay or lesbian candidate.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lgLs0U

Teens with PTSD and conduct disorder have difficulty recognizing facial expressions

(New York University) Adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are more likely to misidentify sad and angry faces as fearful, while teens with symptoms of conduct disorder tend to interpret sad faces as angry, finds a study by NYU's Steinhardt School.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m6LPJR

Listeria may be serious miscarriage threat early in pregnancy

(University of Wisconsin-Madison) Listeria, a common food-borne bacterium, may pose a greater risk of miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy than appreciated, according to researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine studying how pathogens affect fetal development and change the outcome of pregnancy.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lgOceL

Hispanic cancer mortality varies among ethnic groups

(American Association for Cancer Research) Cancer mortality rates vary considerably within the growing Hispanic population in the United States, with significant differences among the major Hispanic ethnic groups.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m6xJrX

Pilot study finds youth more likely than adults to report seeing alcohol marketing online

(Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health) Underage youth are nearly twice as likely to recall seeing alcohol marketing on the internet than adults, with almost one in three saying they saw alcohol-related content in the previous month, according to a new pilot survey led by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2l1jTWC

Single-payer reform is 'the only way to fulfill the president's pledge' on health care

(Physicians for a National Health Program) Proposals floated by Republican leaders won't achieve President Trump's campaign promises of more coverage, better benefits, and lower costs, but a single-payer health reform would, according to a commentary in Annals of Internal Medicine. A single-payer system could provide comprehensive first-dollar coverage to all Americans within the current budgetary envelope because of vast savings -- estimated at $504 billion annually -- on health care bureaucracy and profits.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lAisSv

Radial access, same-day cardiac procedure could save $300 million annually

(American College of Cardiology) If hospitals can perform more transradial, same-day percutaneous coronary intervention, or PCIs, not only will patients benefit because it is associated with have less complications, but collectively, hospitals across the U.S. could save $300 million each year, according to research published today in JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m516uJ

Cedars-Sinai investigators identify human brain processes critical to short-term memory

(Cedars-Sinai Medical Center) Cedars-Sinai neuroscientists have uncovered processes involved in how the human brain creates and maintains short-term memories. This study is the first clear demonstration of precisely how human brain cells work to create and recall short-term memories.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2ln47Xh

Same-sex marriage legalization linked to reduction in suicide attempts among teens

(Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health) The implementation of state laws legalizing same-sex marriage was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of suicide attempts among high school students -- and an even greater reduction among gay, lesbian and bisexual adolescents, new Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health research suggests.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lDCUSO

State same-sex marriage policies associated with reduced teen suicide attempts

(The JAMA Network Journals) A nationwide analysis suggests same-sex marriage policies were associated with a reduction in suicide attempts by adolescents, according to a new study published online by JAMA Pediatrics.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lDIrJ3

Differences in the rhetorical styles of candidates in the 2016 US presidential election

(Oxford University Press USA) A new paper published in Digital Scholarship in the Humanities reveals and quantifies dramatic differences in the speaking styles of candidates in the 2016 United States presidential election. Lexical analysis indicates that President Donald Trump had a distinct communication style, and it was far more direct than any of the other candidates.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lCZWJx

Decision-making suffers when cancer patients avoid math

(Ohio State University) Many of the toughest decisions faced by cancer patients involve knowing how to use numbers -- calculating risks, evaluating treatment options and figuring odds of medication side effects. But for patients who aren't good at math, decision science research can offer evidence-based advice on how to assess numeric information and ask the right questions to make informed choices.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kZPurK

'Champion of diversity' Michèle Lamont awarded Erasmus Prize

(Canadian Institute for Advanced Research) Canadian cultural sociologist Michèle Lamont, founding Co-Director of CIFAR's Successful Societies program, has been named the 2017 Erasmus Prize winner.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lmwtRy

Only one-third of parents think they are doing a good job helping kids eat healthy

(Michigan Medicine - University of Michigan) If you know healthy eating is important for your kids but you also feel like it's easier said than done, you're not alone.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lZiELS

Majority of opioid medications not safely stored in homes with children, survey finds

(Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health) Nearly 70 percent of prescription opioid medications kept in homes with children are not stored safely, a new study by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health finds.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2kYmCA6

Many cancer survivors change their prescription drug use for financial reasons

(Wiley) A new analysis indicates that many cancer survivors change their prescription drug use (including skipping doses or requesting cheaper medications) for financial reasons.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lZqBAF

Stanford researcher to examine unsung hero of science: Assessment

(Stanford's School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences ) Assessment adds enormous value to the scientific landscape, creating foundations for government and society.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lXXSwm

GBSI reports encouraging progress toward improved research reproducibility by year 2020

(Global Biological Standards Institute) One year after Global Biological Standards Institute issued its Reproducibility2020 challenge and action plan for the biomedical research community, the organization reports encouraging progress toward the goal to significantly improve the quality of preclinical biological research by year 2020. The Report is the first comprehensive review of community-led action and impact to improve life sciences research reproducibility since the issue became more widely known in 2012, and it outlines priorities going forward.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2l9EEC1

When screening for disease, risk is as important to consider as benefits, study indicates

(University of Virginia) University of Virginia statistician Karen Kafadar is developing new techniques for understanding the difference between length of diagnosis and length of life regarding cancer screening.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lXnTf3

The secret of scientists who impact policy

(University of Vermont) Researchers analyzed 15 policy decisions worldwide, with outcomes ranging from new coastal preservation laws to improved species protections, to produce the first quantitative analysis of how environmental knowledge impacts the attitudes and decisions of conservation policymakers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lW0xGJ

Researcher examines premature death in delinquent youth

(Northwestern University) Northwestern University researcher Linda Teplin will share data showing alarming premature mortality rates for delinquent youth at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) annual meeting in Boston.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lVQ666

GA4GH at AAAS 2017

(Global Alliance for Genomics and Health) The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH), an international coalition of academic, industry, and patient groups that aims to foster a culture of data-sharing between researchers and clinicians, will host a symposium in the Medical Sciences and Public Health track of the 2017 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) on Feb. 18, 2017, at 1 p.m. in room 309 of the Hynes Convention Center in Boston, Mass.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2m97Uqj

Reboot Gitmo for science

(University of Vermont) How do you redeem a place like Gitmo, the notorious US military prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba? Reboot the naval base and detainee center as a cutting-edge marine research lab and peace park, says Joe Roman, a conservation biologist at the University of Vermont (UVM).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2lVqx59