Study: History of gum disease increases cancer risk in older women

(University at Buffalo) Postmenopausal women who have a history of gum disease also have a higher risk of cancer, according to a new study of more than 65,000 women that's also the first to report an association between gum disease and gallbladder cancer risk.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tZ7dIm

Tobacco industry steps up tactics to reduce impact of display ban

(University of Stirling) Tobacco manufacturers are offering retailers incentives to promote their products in a bid to mitigate the effects of the advertising ban, a University of Stirling study has found.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uS696z

Undocumented immigration doesn't worsen drug, alcohol problems in US, study indicates

(University of Wisconsin-Madison) Despite being saddled with many factors associated with drug and alcohol problems, undocumented immigrants are not increasing the prevalence of drug and alcohol crimes and deaths in the United States, according to a new University of Wisconsin-Madison study published in the American Journal of Public Health.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2hhzNil

Biofeedback technology helping improve balance in Parkinson's patients

(University of Houston) University of Houston researchers in the Department of Health and Human Performance are helping patients with Parkinson's disease regain stable balance and confidence in performing daily activities in their own homes. A research team is developing the Smarter Balance System (SBS), a smartphone-based biofeedback rehabilitation system that guides patients through a series of balance exercises using wearable technology.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vmyMvJ

New drug may treat and limit progression of Parkinson's disease

(Binghamton University) Researchers at Binghamton University have developed a new drug that may limit the progression of Parkinson's disease while providing better symptom relief to potentially hundreds of thousands of people with the disease.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vYX9fV

Supreme Court rulings can signal a shift in societal norms

(Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs) When the Supreme Court issued its 2015 ruling in favor of same-sex marriage, Americans understood the decision as a signal of Americans' increasing support of same-sex marriage, according to a study published by Princeton University.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tXtTbX

Study links violence exposure, obesity in teens

(Duke University) Teens consumed more unhealthy foods and beverages on days they were exposed to violence, and suffered from fatigue due to poor sleep the following day, according to a new study by Duke researchers. Those behaviors, especially increased soda consumption, are important predictors of weight gain.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2udogBV

Spanking can be detrimental for children's behavior, even 10 years later

(University of Missouri-Columbia) Researchers at the University of Missouri have found that physical discipline experienced during infancy can negatively impact temperament and behavior among children in the fifth grade and into their teenage years.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2hgvMuG

New in the Hastings Center Report, July-August 2017

(The Hastings Center) Moral implications of the 'Precision Medicine Nation,' radical life extension, artificial wombs, and more.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2f1vC9F

The undertaker's census

(Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute) Scientists working at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama tested a new technique: recruiting carrion-eating flies to detect mammals. This new method surpasses standard techniques, detecting more species than researchers could count along trails or photograph with hidden cameras.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vYYa7P

Coordinated care organizations lead to more timely prenatal care

(Oregon State University) Pregnant women on Medicaid are more likely to receive timely prenatal care following Oregon's implementation of coordinated care organizations, or CCOs, which are regional networks of health care providers who work together to treat patients, a new study has shown.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tSnnPQ

Domestic violence twice as likely to start for pregnant women after HIV diagnosis

(Drexel University) For women who have never experienced intimate partner violence before, a diagnosis of HIV during pregnancy means that they are twice as likely to experience violence after their child is born, a new study found.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vg2yBu

Brain & Behavior Research Foundation presents 2017 Klerman & Freedman awards

(Brain & Behavior Research Foundation) The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation celebrated 30 years of awarding research grants, honored its Scientific Council, and announced winners of its annual Klerman & Freedman Prizes, recognizing exceptional clinical and basic research by scientists supported by Young Investigator Grants. The grants enable early career scientists to pursue innovative ideas in neurobiological and psychosocial research, garner pilot data and generate 'proof' of concept for the early detection, treatment, prevention and cure of mental illnesses.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tRW1cA

Wiley content sharing launches across Wiley Online Library

(Wiley) John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (NYSE: JWa and JWb), today announced the launch of Wiley Content Sharing across its research portfolio.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vfRlAG

Inattention, poor memories shape inflation expectations

(Massachusetts Institute of Technology) A new study co-authored by an MIT economist reveals that people have a haphazard approach to assessing inflation. Most citizens only pay attention to the topic intermittently, and they overestimate how bad inflation will become.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tROAlL

Among gun owners, culturally tailored suicide prevention messages work best

(Oregon State University) Gun owners are much more receptive to suicide-prevention messages tailored to respect their rights as firearms enthusiasts than they are to messages that use language that aims to be culturally neutral, a study published last week suggests.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vg0RnA

States find rewards from high-tech investments, given time and patience

(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) States have spent millions to develop high-tech industry, with its promise of good jobs and economic growth. And the public investment generally pays off, including in places that might seem less than ideal, according to a national study of such investments in the 1980s and 1990s. The key for these state programs is often time, patience and modest expectations, says University of Illinois sociology professor Kevin Leicht, the study's lead author.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2udrJQY

Statistical analysis to explain mechanism in state of general anesthesia

(American Statistical Association) Emery Brown, the Edward Hood Taplin Professor of Medical Engineering and of Computational Neuroscience at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the Warren M. Zapol Professor of Anaesthesia at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, will present new insight involved in conducting and analyzing experiments in this field July 31 at the 2017 Joint Statistical Meetings (JSM).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tXFEiV

Shared housing, shared behavior in mouse model of autism

(Society for Neuroscience) Mice genetically modified to model autism spectrum disorders (ASD) cause changes in the behavior of their unmodified littermates when housed together. The findings, published in eNeuro, show how social environment shapes behaviors characteristic of mouse models for ASD and have implications for the interpretation of results obtained from mouse models of psychiatric disorders.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tRM4Mg

Understanding how fishers fish on coral reefs can inform fishery management strategies

(Dartmouth College) A Dartmouth study of spearfishing on a Caribbean coral reef illustrates how understanding the process of fishing can help in developing management strategies to address overfishing and coral reef protection worldwide. Understanding which fish are targeted, when, why and where in a coral reef habitat, are important details that extend beyond catch limits or even bans that so often define fishing regulations. The findings are published in PLOS ONE.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2hhkzd0

Mental health visits spike prior to burn injury, indicating opportunity for intervention

(American College of Surgeons) In a new study examining the relationship between mental health and burn injury, researchers note that burn injuries may be preventable through increased access to high-quality mental health care. The study's findings also show that burn injury victims experience significantly increased rates of self-harm after their injuries.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2hgZf7K

Taboo around vaginal bleeding endangers women's health

(Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health) The culture of silence around vaginal bleeding at all stages of life endangers women's health and is compounded by limited access to clean water, sanitation, and factual information in low and middle-income countries, according to a study conducted at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health. An approach that looks at vaginal bleeding as more than a monthly period and addresses the needs of girls and women across the life course is urgently required.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vbHBIl

RI to require coverage of fertility preservation for at-risk patients

(Care New England ) Rhode Island has become the first state to pass a law explicitly requiring coverage for fertility preservation prior to gonadotoxic medical therapy, treatment that could directly or indirectly cause infertility.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uQNbgq

LSUHealthNO research finds home-based kit would increase HIV testing

(Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center) Research led by William Robinson, PhD, Associate Research Professor of Behavioral & Community Health Sciences at LSU Health New Orleans School of Public Health, has found that 86 percent of heterosexuals who are at high risk for HIV would use a home-based test kit provided by mail and 99 percent would seek treatment based on a positive result. This self-administered alternative may lead a group whose high risk is under-recognized to treatment sooner.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vblAJt

Research on nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles reveals viable skin infection treatment

(George Washington University) A research team led by Adam Friedman, MD, associate professor of dermatology at the GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences, has found that topically applied nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles are a viable treatment for deep fungal infections of the skin caused by dermatophytes.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uQxYMy

Heavier Asian Americans seen as 'more American,' study says

(University of Washington) A University of Washington-led study has found that for Asian Americans, those who appear heavier not only are perceived to be more 'American,' but also may be subject to less prejudice directed at foreigners than Asian Americans who are thin.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2f1xQFZ

Alcohol intake may increase risk of nonmelanoma skin cancers

(Wiley) In a recent analysis of published studies, higher alcohol intake was linked with an increased risk of both basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, which are nonmelanoma skin cancers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2hfVBee

Availability of cheap tobacco undermining efforts to cut smoking

(University of Bath) New research in the Journal of Nicotine & Tobacco Research highlighting how cheap tobacco is undermining public health initiatives designed to reduce smoking.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2f192hB

People with autism are less surprised by the unexpected

(University College London) Adults with autism may overestimate the volatility of the world around them, finds a new UCL study published in Nature Neuroscience.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vbCWGg

Netflix drama '13 Reasons Why' linked to suicidal thoughts

(San Diego State University) A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine and led by San Diego State University Graduate School of Public Health Associate Research Professor John W. Ayers delved into Americans' internet search history in the days after Netflix's '13 Reasons Why' series aired, and found that queries for suicide and how to commit suicide spiked in he show's wake.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uQl1lP

Exercise in early life has long-lasting benefits

(Frontiers) The researchers, from the Liggins Institute at the University of Auckland, found that bone retains a "memory" of exercise's effects long after the exercise is ceased, and this bone memory continues to change the way the body metabolises a high-fat diet.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2f1iEbY

German Federal Ministry of Education and Research funds research on jihadist videos

(Johannes Gutenberg Universitaet Mainz) As part of the Research for Civil Security 2012-2017 framework program of the German Federal Government, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research is providing €2.7 million to the junior research group on 'Jihadism on the Internet' at the Department of Anthropology and African Studies at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2hghzxS

How central are female characters to a movie?

(University of Southern California) A new study from the USC Viterbi School of Engineering's Signal Analysis and Interpretation Lab (SAIL) -- which creates automatic tools for signal analysis and linguistic assessment -- uncovers how media communicates about gender, race and age finding that in the majority of films, females roles are not central to the plot.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vlsGLT

P-values, hypotheses and inference ... new appraoches to reproducibility at JSM 2017

(American Statistical Association) Andrew Gelman, professor of statistics and political science and director of the Applied Statistics Center at Columbia University; Blake McShane, associate professor of marketing at Northwestern University; and Jeffrey Leek, associate professor in the department of biostatistics at Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, will present new approaches to addressing the 'reproducibility crisis' at the 2017 Joint Statistical Meetings in Baltimore.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tWdnZU

'Hidden' experiences of men forced to have sex with women revealed

(Lancaster University) The most frequent strategy used by women forcing men to have sex with them against their will is blackmail and threats, according to researchers at Lancaster University. This accounted for the experiences of more than one-fifth of the men who completed an online survey, the first of its kind in the UK, examining the extent of men who have been 'forced to penetrate' women.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vlxdhB

'Invasive' species have been around much longer than believed

(University of the Witwatersrand) A new study, Chrysocoma ciliata L. (Asteraceae) in the Lesotho Highlands: an anthropogenically introduced invasive or a niche coloniser?, published in Biological Invasions, confirms that a shrub believed to be an invasive in the eastern Lesotho Highlands has been growing in the region for over 4,000 years.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://ift.tt/2ubYAFL

Public trust in science spiked after media coverage of Zika vaccine trial

(Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania) Does a scientific breakthrough increase confidence in science? The question is raised by a study of public attitudes about trust in science following media coverage of the Zika vaccine trial in 2016.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vatrai

WSU study shows muted stress response linked to long-term cannabis use

(Washington State University) A new study by Washington State University psychology researchers reveals a dampened physiological response to stress in chronic cannabis users. This is the first study to examine the effects of acute stress on salivary cortisol levels in chronic cannabis users compared to non-users.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2wdExbr

Are the world's highest paid football players overpaid? Big data says yes

(Lawrence Technological University) Computer scientists used machine learning and data science to analyze the salaries of professional football players. A computational model was developed to show the world's most overpaid and underpaid players, and to identify skills that can earn footballers more Euros.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vl0h8M

Touring senior centers, interacting with residents positively impacts health students

(American Geriatrics Society) A new study has found that a community-based service learning experience involving greater interaction with older adults had a positive impact on career development for medical residents (physicians who have graduated from medical school and are starting work at a healthcare facility under supervision).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2wdD8Sa

People find it difficult to judge how good their intuitions are

(University of Kent) Whether people believe they are 'intuitive' or not may have no bearing on how they perform in tasks that require intuition, according to new research by psychologists at the University of Kent.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vWD8qv

Sad! Drifting word meanings may be creating two different political languages

(Penn State) If the current political discourse sounds a little like people are speaking two different languages, Penn State psychologists, who studied political rhetoric over the past three presidential elections, say that may be close to the case, semantically speaking.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uPnihh

Exercise incentives do little to spur gym-going, study shows

(Case Western Reserve University) Even among people who had just joined a gym and expected to visit regularly, getting paid to exercise did little to make their commitment stick, according to a new study from Case Western Reserve University.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vaae8J

Women show cognitive advantage in gender-equal countries

(Association for Psychological Science) Women's cognitive functioning past middle age may be affected by the degree of gender equality in the country they live in, according to new findings from Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uPvKNt

GP-based testing for HIV is cost-effective and should be rolled out in local authorities

(Queen Mary University of London) Offering HIV testing to people at health checks when they register at a new GP surgery in high-prevalence areas is cost-effective and will save lives, according to a study involving over 86,000 people from 40 GP surgeries, led by Queen Mary University of London and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2eZ2vE0

Faster-acting antidepressants may finally be within reach

(Rockefeller University) Neuroscientists have taken a major step toward answering longstanding questions about how Prozac and similar drugs act in the brain. Their findings could lead to better antidepressants that don't take weeks to kick in.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2v52lRJ

Newly discovered biomarkers may lead to promising diagnostic tool for Alzheimer's

(Ohio State University) Diagnosing Alzheimer's disease and determining a patient's prognosis is an inexact business, and that stands in the way of better personalized care and advances in treatment. A new study from The Ohio State University has identified a potential new way of confirming the disease and predicting a patient's outlook.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2h9pDjI

National Academy of Medicine and FDA announce the 2017 Tobacco Regulatory Science Fellows

(National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine) The National Academy of Medicine (NAM) along with the US Food and Drug Administration's Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) have named the 2017-2018 class of the FDA Tobacco Regulatory Science Fellows. Four individuals were selected through a highly selective national competition based on their exceptional, diverse professional qualifications to contribute to the work of CTP.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vQCcE6

Dr. Boukrina of Kessler Foundation awarded major American Heart Association grant

(Kessler Foundation) Olga Boukrina, PhD, research scientist in Stroke Rehabilitation Research at Kessler Foundation, has received a three-year award from the American Heart Association (AHA) valued at $231,000. The grant funds a study exploring a potential neural mechanism that could explain the high incidence of delirium and spatial neglect after right-hemisphere stroke.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uEJHiC

To pick a great gift, it's better to give AND receive

(University of Wisconsin-Madison) If it's the thought that makes a gift count, here's a thought that can make your gift count extra: Get a little something for yourself. Research published this month in the journal Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin by Evan Polman, marketing professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Sam Maglio, marketing professor at the University of Toronto Scarborough, shows that gift recipients are happier with a present when the giver got themselves the same present.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vepxOa

Understanding the impact of childhood cancer rates across sub-Saharan Africa

(ecancermedicalscience) New open access monograph gives unique insight into extent of childhood cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2w6uyo5

Using science to combat illegal wildlife trade

(Michigan State University) Leading scientists from around the world convened this week at the International Congress for Conservation Biology in Cartagena, Colombia, to discuss how to better leverage science to combat illegal wildlife trade -- both within countries and across international borders.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2h92Zb9

Researchers uncover how to boost learning efficiency in neurofeedback paradigm

(National Research University Higher School of Economics) Researchers from the HSE Centre for Cognition & Decision Making and the Control of Complex Systems Laboratory (Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering, Russian Academy of Sciences) have conducted a series of experiments to uncover what a person actually controls when they are tasked with independently affecting the activity of their own brain. This discovery may help develop non-pharmacological methods for treating epilepsy, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and depression. The research results were published in the journal Scientific Reports.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2w6dz5s

Football judgments and driving too fast: The science of judging speed

(University of Lincoln) Football officials watching slow-motion clips or drivers changing from motorways to 30 mph zones could be unconsciously misjudging speed -- and the motivations behind a person's movements -- because their perceptions of 'normal' have been altered by recent experiences, new research has found.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2ve3tTG

One of the first examples of a local nautical map from Hispanic America

(University of Seville) In the last third of the 16th century, the Spanish crown set in motion a project to obtain a complete map of the New World. The method thought up for this was to use surveys, known as Relaciones Geográficas. A questionnaire with more than 50 questions was sent to each settlement. These also had to be completed with a map of the local region.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2w6j8B2

Abba sequence in tennis tiebreaking serves is proven to be fair -- Ben-Gurion U.

(American Associates, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev) "The purpose of this study was to test the ABBA sequence in a real tournament setting," says Dr. Alex Krumer of the Swiss Institute for Empirical Economic Research at the University of St. Gallen. "Based on the analysis of 1,701 men's and 920 women's tiebreak games from 72 men's and 135 women's tournaments, we found no significant effect of the order of serves in tennis tiebreaks. Thus, we affirm IFAB's initiative to take a chance on ABBA."

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vdIkcc

Death rate for depressed heart patients double than for non-depressed heart patients

(Intermountain Medical Center) People who are diagnosed with coronary artery disease and then develop depression face a risk of death that's twice as high as heart patients without depression, according to a major new study.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uIS63c

Scientists use new data mining strategy to spot those at high Alzheimer's risk

(Duke University Medical Center) The push to develop treatments for Alzheimer's disease has yielded a greater understanding of the disease, but has failed to generate successful new drugs.To blame are the many undefined subtypes of mild cognitive impairment, a precursor to Alzheimer's disease. But if scientists grouped people with similar types of cognitive impairment, they could more precisely test the impact of investigational drugs, according to findings in a July 28 article in the journal Scientific Reports, a publication of Nature Research.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2h8vJkg

Sleep or sex? How the fruit fly decides

(Yale University) Choosing between sex or sleep presents a behavioral quandary for many species, including the fruit fly. A multi-institution team has found that, in Drosophila at least, males and females deal with these competing imperatives in fundamentally different ways, they report July 28 in the journal Nature Communications.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2eTzTMp

2 methods to de-identify large patient datasets greatly reduced risk of re-identification

(American Association for Cancer Research) Two de-identification methods, k-anonymization and adding a 'fuzzy factor,' significantly reduced the risk of re-identification of patients in a dataset of 5 million patient records from a large cervical cancer screening program in Norway.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2v4hfr0

Research finds increased risk of dementia in patients who experience delirium after surgery

(Oxford University Press USA) Delirium is common in elderly hospitalized patients, affecting an estimated 14-56 percent of patients. It frequently manifests as a sudden change in behavior, with patients suffering acute confusion, inattention, disorganized thinking and fluctuating mental status.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2v2rpsJ

Ketamine for depression encouraging, but questions remain around long-term use

(University of New South Wales) A world-first systematic review into the safety of ketamine as a treatment for depression, published in the prestigious Lancet Psychiatry, shows the risks of long-term ketamine treatment remain unclear.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2v2DzBW

Poll: Partisan politics sway Americans' support for Constitutional rights

(University of Massachusetts Lowell) Americans are willing to sacrifice their support for basic Constitutional rights -- including freedoms of speech, assembly and the press -- when such beliefs are tested by people with opposing political views, according to a new national poll from the UMass Lowell Center for Public Opinion.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tNVyfs

Researchers crack the smile, describing 3 types by muscle movement

(University of Wisconsin-Madison) The smile may be the most common and flexible expression, used to reveal some emotions, cover others and manage social interactions that have kept communities secure and organized for millennia.But how do we tell one kind of smile from another?

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vbYwej

ACP says transgender individuals should not be barred from military

(American College of Physicians) The American College of Physicians (ACP) strongly opposes President Trump's decision to ban transgender individuals from military service. ACP supports inclusive policies that benefit the overall health and well-being of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals and opposes those that reinforce social stigma, marginalization, or discrimination.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2v2RKX9

Bronze Age Iberia received fewer steppe invaders than the rest of Europe

(PLOS) The genomes of individuals who lived on the Iberian Peninsula in the Bronze Age had minor genetic input from Steppe invaders, suggesting that these migrations played a smaller role in the genetic makeup and culture of Iberian people, compared to other parts of Europe. Daniel Bradley and Rui Martiniano of Trinity College Dublin, in Ireland, and Ana Maria Silva of University of Coimbra, Portugal, report these findings July 27, 2017, in PLOS Genetics.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://ift.tt/2vbL5Lj

Trauma-informed, mindfulness-based intervention significantly improves parenting among mothers in op

(Thomas Jefferson University) Researchers at Jefferson's Maternal Addiction Treatment Education & Research (MATER) program found significant improvement in the quality of parenting among mothers who participated in a trauma-informed, mindfulness-based parenting intervention while also in medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder. Results of the study, the first to scientifically test a mindfulness-based parenting intervention with this population, were published July 27 in the Journal of Addiction Medicine.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vbNhlP

DREAMers at greater risk for mental health distress

(Rice University) Immigrants who came to the United States illegally as small children and who meet the requirements of the Development Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act, more commonly known as DREAMers, are at risk for mental health distress

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2w3HSda

Simulations signal early success for fractal-based retinal implants

(University of Oregon) Computer simulations of electrical charges sent to retinal implants based on fractal geometry have University of Oregon researchers moving forward with their eyes focused on biological testing.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vbeXar

Present-day Lebanese descend from Biblical Canaanites, genetic study suggests

(Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute) In the most recent whole-genome study of ancient remains from the Near East, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute scientists and their collaborators sequenced the entire genomes of 4,000-year-old Canaanite individuals who inhabited the region during the Bronze Age, and compared these to other ancient and present-day populations. The results, published today in the American Journal of Human Genetics suggest that present-day Lebanese are direct descendants of the ancient Canaanites.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://ift.tt/2vblNwQ

Academies announce winners of 2017 Communication Awards

(National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine) The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine announced today the recipients of the 2017 Communication Awards. Supported by the W.M. Keck Foundation since 2003 as part of the Keck Futures Initiative, these prestigious awards -- each of which includes a $20,000 prize -- recognize excellence in reporting and communicating science, engineering, and medicine to the general public. The winners will be honored during a ceremony on Sept. 13 in Washington, D.C.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2w3mXa4

Even babies can tell who's the boss, UW research says

(University of Washington) Social dominance, and the dynamic it creates, may be so naturally ingrained, University of Washington researchers say, that toddlers as young as 17 months old not only can perceive who is dominant, but also anticipate that the dominant person will receive more rewards.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2w3MSOQ

UTA professor receives grant to develop device to fight osteoporosis

(University of Texas at Arlington) A faculty member at the University of Texas Arlington's College of Nursing and Health Innovation has received a $250,000 National Science Foundation grant to design a revolutionary device that could stimulate bone growth and ultimately be used as a weapon against osteoporosis.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vbi7eo

Study: Very preterm birth not associated with mood, anxiety disorders

(University of Tennessee at Knoxville) Do very-preterm or very-low-weight babies develop anxiety and mood disorders later in life? Julia Jaekel, assistant professor of child and family studies at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, and Dieter Wolke, professor of psychology at the University of Warwick, co-authored a study to answer this question.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vbh7ah

Unclear CEO expectations often lead chief marketing officers toward revolving door

(Indiana University) Nearly three-quarters of chief marketing officers believe their jobs aren't designed to let them have the greatest impact on their companies, according to a new survey.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2w3ssWh

Food banks respond to hunger needs in rural America

(University of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences) University of Illinois economist Craig Gundersen's recent research sheds light on hunger-relief efforts in rural America. According to his research, Feeding America has a substantial presence in rural communities, providing food assistance through member food banks and the food pantries with which they partner.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tGlBRN

How is communication research evolving in the digital age?

(SAGE) How do technologies such as social media, blogging, and texting affect the way communication and media research is conducted? Launching as a four-volume set, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods covers a range of theories and methodologies used in communication research as well as trends influencing the future of the field.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2w3scGP

Research calls for enhancing long-term benefits of Farm Bill programs

(Virginia Tech) Ultimately, incentive programs that assist landowners with conservation efforts benefit the population as a whole. 'Private lands conservation is critical,' Dayer said. 'Often when we think about land for wildlife, we think about national parks or protected areas, but those are a small proportion. In the US, 60 percent of the land is privately owned.'

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vbevJB

Private insurance claim lines with Lyme disease diagnoses evidence notable increases 2007-16

(FAIR Health) Although Lyme disease historically has been concentrated in the Northeast and upper Midwest, our data suggest that it is spreading. In the United States in 2007 (as shown in the heat map below), claim lines with Lyme disease diagnoses as a percentage of all claim lines with all diagnoses in the state were highest in the Northeast. The states with the highest percentages of such claim lines were (in order from highest to lowest) New Jersey, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts and New York.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vblHW2

Algorithms identify the dynamics of prehistoric social networks in the Balkans

(University of Cambridge) The pioneering application of modularity analyses in archaeology yields a powerful method for highly accurate mapping of social interaction in the human past.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://ift.tt/2tGir0d

Research examines benefits of promoting competing retail websites

(University of Texas at Dallas) A new study from the Naveen Jindal School of Management examines how retailers can benefit by showing ads from competing companies on their websites.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tN3cGX

Child abuse and neglect linked to gender inequality

(Springer) Children growing up in societies that experience high levels of gender inequality -- irrespective of whether these are developed or developing countries -- are more likely to be maltreated. This is according to a cross-national analysis of data from 57 countries worldwide, conducted by Joanne Klevens and Katie Ports of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US. The results are published in Springer's Journal of Family Violence.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2v2DGNc

Self-efficacy boosts physical activity in osteoarthritis patients

(Penn State) Osteoarthritis patients that are more confident in their abilities in the morning go on to be more physically active throughout the day, according to a team of Penn State researchers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2w2ZOV5

E-cigarette use may encourage experimentation with tobacco, study finds

(University of Stirling) Young people who have tried an e-cigarette may be more likely to go on to smoke cigarettes compared with those who have not, a study led by University of Stirling researchers has suggested.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vaNh5Q

Universal screening for alcohol misuse at hospital admission identifies patients at risk of developing alcoholic liver disease

(Elsevier) In a landmark study of over 50,000 hospital admissions, investigators demonstrated the feasibility of introducing universal screening for alcohol misuse to identify patients at risk. They showed that patients can be easily categorized based on a simple risk score to identify people with high rates of emergency department attendance, recurrent hospital admissions, and high risk of alcohol-related liver disease. These patients can be selectively targeted with effective treatments for alcohol misuse, potentially reducing the burden of alcohol-related harm including alcoholic liver disease.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tMYlpc

Spain and Portugal organize international summit on Alzheimer's Disease in Lisbon

(JLM&A, SA ) 80 experts in research and health care in the field of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions will meet in Lisbon at the Global Summit Alzheimer's Research & Care Lisbon 2017, which will be held at the Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown. The meeting will be presided by Her Majesty the Queen Sofia of Spain and by Leonor Beleza, president of the Champalimaud Foundation and former Minister of Health of Portugal.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uFrXlv

The Danish reference genome

(University of Copenhagen The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences) After close to 5 years of work, the GenomeDenmark consortium has now finalized the efforts to establish a Danish Reference genome. The result is a reference of unrivalled quality and information depth, as compared to other similar international references and studies. Due to the unique and high quality approach, the consortium consisting of three Danish universities and the genomics company BGI Europe has been able to analyze otherwise intractable genomics regions for the first time.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2v0SDQp

Use of potentially inappropriate medications may increase hospitalization risk

(Wiley) Potentially inappropriate medication use was linked with a 16 percent increased risk of hospitalization in a population-based study of elderly individuals.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2u1U4JH

First molecules discovered by next-generation artificial intelligence to be developed into drugs

(InSilico Medicine, Inc.) Insilico Medicine signed a multi-year drug development agreement with the biotechnology company Juvenescence AI Limited. Juvenescence AI will develop the first compounds generated by Insilico's deep-learned drug discovery engines, which trained over structural, functional, and phenotypic data in order to predict the biological activity of compounds. Insilico's platforms incorporate new AI techniques such as Generative Adversarial Networks in order to generate novel compounds with desired pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.  

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uFYyrx

Using tweets to decrypt the personality of Donald Trump and other powerful people

(Queensland University of Technology) A detailed, QUT-led study examining the tweets of US President Donald Trump reveal an 'emotionally unstable innovator' using social media as a political tool.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2u1fW8k

Women and men report similar levels of work-family conflicts

(American Psychological Association) Contrary to public perception and many media accounts, women and men report similar levels of work-family conflicts, both in the form of work interfering with family and family interfering with work, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2u1pMHb

In assessing risk of hormone therapy for menopause, dose -- not form -- matters

(University of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences) UCLA-led research finds that the way estrogen therapy for menopause is delivered doesn't affect risk or benefit. What DOES make a difference with the commonly used conjugated equine estrogen, plus progestogen, is dosage.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2u1fZ40

Researchers develop model to predict and prevent power outages using big data

(Texas A&M University) High-speed winds during a thunderstorm may cause trees around an electric grid to crash into the distribution system feeders causing an outage in that area. Currently, most utility companies diminish such accidents by scheduling regular tree-trimming operations. This effort is costly and is based on a rotational approach to different service areas, which may take months and sometimes years before all trees are trimmed.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2u1HwlX

Infants know what we like best, WashU study finds

(Washington University in St. Louis) Behind the chubby cheeks and bright eyes of babies as young as 8 months lies the smoothly whirring mind of a social statistician, logging our every move and making odds on what a person is most likely to do next, suggests new research in the journal Infancy.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tMIPJZ

New study by running experts: Don't change your stride

(Brigham Young University) A new study by a 2016 Olympian and a USA Track & Field consultant finds the stride length people naturally choose is the best for them, whether they are experienced or inexperienced runners. That means whatever shape you are in -- marathon warrior or weekend jogger -- stick with what you're doing.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vaRI06

Community bias predicts police use of lethal force

(Society for Personality and Social Psychology) Averaging the implicit bias of hundreds of thousands of individuals to understand how 'biased' a community is, predicts the likelihood of African-Americans being killed by police.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2ePU7qi

Binge drinking down among young adults in college, up among those who are not

(Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs) After years of increasing rates of binge drinking, alcohol-impaired driving, and alcohol-related mortality among emerging adults ages 18 to 24, the numbers are finally starting to come down among college students in that age group, according to a study in the July issue of the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. However, those same numbers are on the rise in young adults of the same age who are not in college.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2h4bZyi

Study calls for review into census capture of 'mixed' populations

(Taylor & Francis Group) Current methods of capturing mixed race/ethnicity populations in global censuses are unreliable, and must be reviewed to ensure increasingly diverse populations are effectively reported, a study published today in Ethnic and Racial Studies suggests.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2v0yz01

Rise in e-cigarettes linked to rise in smokers quitting, say researchers

(BMJ) The recent rise in e-cigarette use among US adult smokers is associated with a significant increase in smoking cessation, finds a study published in The BMJ.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2ePu0zU

Early dementia care improvement findings to be shared

(University of East Anglia) Distractions during drug rounds contribute to the challenges of treating hospital patients living with dementia, but the involvement of family or carers can be hugely beneficial, according to early results from a five-year research programme into improving care. The first findings from the ongoing Peri-operative Enhanced Recovery hip FacturE Care of paTiEnts with Dementia (PERFECTED) programme will be presented at an international conference on global aging and health in San Francisco this week.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2eOHhZf

Penn Medicine neurosurgeon named alpha Omega Alpha Fellow in Leadership

(University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine) Timothy H. Lucas, II, MD, PhD, an assistant professor of Neurosurgery and director of the Translational Neuromodulation Lab in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, has been awarded the 2017 Fellow in Leadership Award by Alpha Omega Alpha national medical honor society.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uCMLdF

Antarctica by way of the UK

(University of California - Santa Barbara) It may seem a roundabout way to study the Antarctic, but UC Santa Barbara geologist Alexander Simms will travel to the United Kingdom to do just that.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uYiaJW

Group relocation preserves social connections among elderly Japanese Tsunami survivors

(American Association for the Advancement of Science) Relocating in groups, rather than individually, increased informal socializing and social participation among older survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, a new study shows. The finding suggests local authorities should consider moving residents

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uCBNom

Isotopes in prehistoric cattle teeth suggest herding strategies used during the Neolithic

(PLOS) Analysis of strontium isotopes in teeth from Neolithic cattle suggest that early Europeans used different specialized herding strategies, according to a study published July 26, 2017 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Claudia Gerling from University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and colleagues.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2h3d1KP

Isotopes in prehistoric cattle teeth suggest herding strategies used during the Neolithic

(PLOS) Analysis of strontium isotopes in teeth from Neolithic cattle suggest that early Europeans used different specialized herding strategies, according to a study published July 26, 2017 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Claudia Gerling from University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, and colleagues.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://ift.tt/2h3d1KP

Brain cells found to control aging

(Albert Einstein College of Medicine) Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine have found that stem cells in the brain's hypothalamus govern how fast aging occurs in the body. The finding, made in mice, could lead to new strategies for warding off age-related diseases and extending lifespan. The paper was published online today in Nature.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vJ7CMp

Involvement of prescription opioids in fatal car crashes climbs sevenfold

(Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health) The percentage of fatally injured drivers who tested positive for prescription opioids rose sevenfold from 1 percent in 1995 to over 7 percent in 2015, according to a new study at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tDiIBk

Traces of adaptation and cultural diversification found among early North American stone tools

(Smithsonian) Using new 3-D methods to analyze stone projectile points crafted by North America's earliest human inhabitants, Smithsonian scientists have found that these tools show evidence of a shift toward more experimentation about 12,500 years ago, following hundreds of years of consistent stone-tool production. The findings provide clues into changes in social interactions during a time when people are thought to have been spreading into new parts of North America.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tZli40

Incorporating 12-step program elements improves youth substance-use disorder treatment

(Massachusetts General Hospital) A treatment program for adolescents with substance-use disorder that incorporates the practices and philosophy of 12-step programs like Alcoholics Anonymous produced even better results than the current state-of-the art treatment approach in a nine-month, randomized trial.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uxzrIY

With new ventures to show, MIT Hacking Medicine shares its model for success

(Cell Press) Since 2010, MIT Hacking Medicine has grown from a one-time event to a global brand, with more than 80 healthcare hackathons being hosted this year, from Cambridge, Mass., to Quito, Ecuador. At least 15 groups have started companies and raised more than $100 million in venture funding after meeting at a Hacking Medicine event. In a commentary published July 26 in Cell Systems, the organizers describe how their model stands apart from typical hackathons.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uXuj1H

Traces of adaptation and cultural diversification found among early North American stone tools

(Smithsonian) Using new 3-D methods to analyze stone projectile points crafted by North America's earliest human inhabitants, Smithsonian scientists have found that these tools show evidence of a shift toward more experimentation about 12,500 years ago, following hundreds of years of consistent stone-tool production. The findings provide clues into changes in social interactions during a time when people are thought to have been spreading into new parts of North America.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://ift.tt/2tZli40

Inventions by young KTU researchers can identify early stages of flatfeet condition

(Kaunas University of Technology) Of all human organs, the most pressure is endured by the feet, which are carrying all the weight of a person while walking. The change of feet pressure can serve as a perfect indicator for diagnosing occurrence and development of certain heath conditions, such as feet pathologies from diabetes, toe deformation and flatfeet condition.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uZkvE1

New global aging index gauges health and wellbeing of aging populations

(Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health) Researchers have developed a new barometer that estimates how countries are adapting to the dramatic increases in the number and proportion of older persons. The Index is composed of specific measures across five social and economic Indicators that reflect the status and wellbeing of older persons in a country and which can be followed over time and used to compare across nations.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uBwTrz

Quantifying lower limb muscle weakness in Osteogenesis Imperfecta type IV

(International Osteoporosis Foundation) To date, muscle function, and in particular that of the lower extremity, in OI type IV has not been investigated systematically. This study now assesses upper and lower extremity muscle function finding that lower limb weakness may contribute to limitations in mobility in people with OI Type IV despite multidisciplinary treatment.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uxeP3K

Team receives nearly $11 million COBRE grant to establish neuroscience research center

(Kansas State University) The National Institutes of Health is awarding a Kansas State University-led team of psychological sciences researchers with a prestigious five-year, $10.6 million Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence, or COBRE, grant.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vJncI6

Studies help understand why some people are so sure they're right

(Case Western Reserve University) Two studies examine the personality characteristics that drive dogmatism in the religious and nonreligious. In both groups, higher critical reasoning skills were associated with lower levels of dogmatism. But these two groups diverge in how moral concern influences their dogmatic thinking.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tCQIgX

Defense technologies can pivot, change purpose, used in private sector

(Purdue University) An agreement among WestGate Authority, Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division (NSWC Crane), Purdue University and Purdue Research Foundation to pivot patented technologies developed for the US Department of Defense has shown strong adaptability to serve other societal purposes in the public sector.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uxfr9x

Is extended-release guanfacine effective in children with chronic tic disorders?

(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News) A new study assessed the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of extended-release guanfacine in children 6-17 years of age who have chronic tic disorders including Tourette's disorder.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uZl14S

Identifying major transitions in human cultural evolution

(Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History) Over the past 10,000 years human cultures have expanded from small groups of hunter-gatherers to colossal and complexly organized societies. The secrets to how and why this major cultural transition occurred have largely remained elusive. In an article published on July 24 by Russell Gray and Joseph Watts in PNAS they outline how advances in computational methods and large cross-cultural datasets are beginning to reveal the broad patterns and processes underlying our cultural histories.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tCSFdl

Managers often fail to use or understand their own data on customer satisfaction

(Indiana University) Despite the millions companies spend to gather information about customer satisfaction, senior managers often fail to understand those customers' expectations.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2v7QlQb

Talking to yourself in the third person can help you control emotions

(Michigan State University) The simple act of silently talking to yourself in the third person during stressful times may help you control emotions without any additional mental effort than what you would use for first-person self-talk -- the way people normally talk to themselves.  

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vZWlXh

ECDC estimate: Around 9 million Europeans are affected by chronic hepatitis B or C

(European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) ) An estimated 4.7 million Europeans are living with chronic hepatitis B and almost 4 million with chronic hepatitis C infection. But large numbers of them are not aware of their infection as they have not yet been diagnosed. On of World Hepatitis Day, ECDC Director Andrea Ammon highlights the need for Europe to scale-up coverage of testing, prevention interventions and linkage to suitable treatment services to achieve the target of eliminating viral hepatitis by 2030.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2v7Q5k5

Scientists propose new approach to hitting the gym

(James Cook University) James Cook University sports scientists are warning that fatigue from weight training can carry over to endurance training and the two activities must be better coordinated to maximise athletes' performance.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2v7zrBb

Cultural flexibility was key for early humans to survive extreme dry periods in southern Africa

(University of the Witwatersrand) The early human techno-tradition, known as Howiesons Poort, associated with Homo sapiens who lived in southern Africa about 66,000 to 59,000 years ago indicates that during this period of pronounced aridification they developed cultural innovations that allowed them to significantly enlarge the range of environments they occupied.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://ift.tt/2tYW3OU

Large-mouthed fish was top predator after mass extinction

(University of Zurich) The food chains recovered more rapidly than previously assumed after Earth's most devastating mass extinction event about 252 million years ago as demonstrated by the fossilized skull of a large predatory fish called Birgeria americana discovered by paleontologists from the University of Zurich in the desert of Nevada.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://ift.tt/2tJGCiB

Competition for survival signals maintains immune balance

(Institute for Basic Science) Although scarce, the recently discovered innate lymphoid cells vie with T cells for a shared source of interleukin-7, which helps them to survive. These findings could deepen our understanding of immune memory in vaccine and aging.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tYLhbv

Do all people experience similar near-death-experiences?

(Frontiers) New research examines how frequently and in what order different aspects of self-reported near-death-experiences occur. By analyzing written first-hand accounts of near-death-experiences, the researchers looked at whether specific aspects of these experiences tend to occur in the same order for different people. They found that even though some events are more common, and some are more likely to follow one another, near-death-experiences tend to be unique to the individual in terms of chronology.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tJFzio

"Are we there yet?" -- explaining ADHD science to children

(Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University) A collaboration between OIST and Brazilian researchers reported their latest brain research on ADHD in a scientific journal targeting -- and peer-reviewed by -- children.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tZebIB

Humans identify emotions in the voices of all air-breathing vertebrates

(Ruhr-University Bochum) Amphibians, reptiles, mammals -- all of them communicate via acoustic signals. And humans are able to assess the emotional value of these signals. This has been shown in a new study reported in 'Proceedings of the Royal Society B'. The authors interpreted their findings as evidence that there might be a universal code for the vocal expression and perception of emotions in the animal kingdom.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uBi1tm

Body ownership is not impaired in schizophrenia

(Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) Answering a long-standing question, EPFL scientists have determined that the sense of body ownership is not affected in schizophrenia patients.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uBxfOU

Longer cooling does not harm and may even help out of hospital cardiac arrest patients

(Aarhus University) Eight out of 355 cardiac arrest patients who do not immediately wake up after hospitalisation, have benefited from being cooled down to a temperature of 33°C for as long as 48 hours. However, this does not provide researchers from Aarhus University and elsewhere with evidence to conclude that 48-hour cooling is preferable to the typical 24 hours when it comes to preventing brain damage. The level of uncertainty is too high and the difference too small to reach this conclusion.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uAMvf7

'Residual echo' of ancient humans in scans may hold clues to mental disorders

(NIH/National Institute of Mental Health) Researchers have produced the first direct evidence that parts of our brains implicated in mental disorders may be shaped by a 'residual echo' from Neanderthal DNA in our genomes. Evidence from MRI scans suggests that such ancient genetic variation may affect the way our brains work today -- and may hold clues to understanding deficits seen in schizophrenia and autism-related disorders.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2h2Gtkv

Risk for bipolar disorder associated with faster aging

(King's College London) New King's College London research suggests that people with a family history of bipolar disorder may 'age' more rapidly than those without a history of the disease.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tYM10x

Senate vote starts process to take coverage from millions

(American College of Physicians) The American College of Physicians (ACP) is gravely disappointed that 50 Senators plus Vice President Pence voted to begin debate on still-secret legislation that could result in tens of millions losing insurance coverage. They now must be held accountable to their constituents, and to our members' patients, who may be harmed by their vote. We thank the 50 Senators who voted against it, especially Senators Susan Collins (ME) and Lisa Murkowski (AK), who stood with patients against the wishes of their conference colleagues.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tYOMPh

Archaeologists find key to tracking ancient wheat in frozen Bronze Age box

(University of York) A Bronze Age wooden container found in an ice patch at 2,650m in the Swiss Alps could help archaeologists shed new light on the spread and exploitation of cereal grains following a chance discovery.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://ift.tt/2vZDYBT

When should the police use confrontational tactics?

(Northwestern University) In a newly published article, Northwestern University economist Charles F. Manski and his co-author, Carnegie Mellon University criminologist Daniel S. Nagin, outline a 'formal model of optimal policing' that can be used to resolve tensions between public safety and community trust -- and that also can help a public that is prone to privileging one over the other, depending on the circumstances, to keep both in mind.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vGHWQG

Well-designed visual aids improve risk understanding

(University of Oklahoma) A University of Oklahoma professor, Edward T. Cokely, shows that informed decision making depends on the ability to accurately evaluate and understand information about risk in a newly published study in the scientific journal Human Factors. A state-of-the-science review of the literature concludes that visual aids are beneficial for diverse people with different levels of numeracy and graph literacy. Cokely identifies five categories of practical, evidence-based guidelines for the evaluation and design of visual aids.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uuFRbL

IU researchers offer new insights into how communities can tap into youth sports tourism

(Indiana University) Two Indiana University researchers say creative marketing is needed to reach visitors in what's become a multibillion-dollar-a-year segment of the tourism industry: youth sports tourism.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tWCcjF

Where there's smoke

(University of California - Santa Barbara) The close juxtaposition of the ocean and the mountains in Santa Barbara makes for beautiful views -- but when it comes to wildfires, it can also spell danger. In the past decade, the area has experienced seven major fires on both sides of the Santa Ynez Mountains, including the Whittier fire that started July 8.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tHtcUk

Mediterranean-style diets linked to better brain function in older adults

(American Geriatrics Society) Eating foods included in two healthy diets -- the Mediterranean or the MIND diet -- is linked to a lower risk for memory difficulties in older adults, according to a study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tX0ABO

Study: Yoga helps back pain among veterans

(Veterans Affairs Research Communications) A study that included 150 veterans with chronic low back pain found that those who completed a 12-week yoga program had better scores on a disability questionnaire, improved pain intensity scores, and a decline in opioid use. The findings jibe with those from two past clinical trials involving non-veterans.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tHoLc2

New report concludes SBE sciences help advance national health, prosperity and defense

(National Science Foundation) At the request of the National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine has produced a report, "The Value of Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences to National Priorities." The report concludes that social, behavioral and economic sciences (SBE) further NSF's mission to advance U.S. health, prosperity, welfare and defense.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uWlcxS

Autism severity detected with brain activity test

(University of California - Los Angeles) UCLA researchers have discovered that children with autism have a tell-tale difference on brain tests compared with other children. Specifically, the researchers found that the lower a child's peak alpha frequency -- a number reflecting the frequency of certain brain waves -- the lower their non-verbal IQ was. This is the first study to highlight peak alpha frequency as a promising biomarker.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2h0ibaO

Improving the employment rates of women through digital technology

(University of Portsmouth) The University of Portsmouth is leading a new multi-million euro project to improve the employment rates of women from disadvantaged backgrounds by boosting their digital skills and knowledge.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2eLcEUu

Mind-body therapies immediately reduce unmanageable pain in hospital patients

(University of Utah) After participating in a single, 15-minute session of one of these mind-body therapies, patients reported an immediate decrease in pain levels similar to what one might expect from an opioid painkiller. This study is the first to compare the effects of mindfulness and hypnosis on acute pain in the hospital setting.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uW5L97

Cognitive cross-training enhances learning, study finds

(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) Just as athletes cross-train to improve physical skills, those wanting to enhance cognitive skills can benefit from multiple ways of exercising the brain, according to a comprehensive new study. The 18-week study of 318 healthy young adults found that combining physical exercise and mild electric brain stimulation with computer-based cognitive training promoted skill learning significantly more than using cognitive training alone. The enhanced learning was skill-specific and did not translate to general intelligence.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tzMln0

Physical activity could combat fatigue, cognitive decline in cancer survivors

(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) A new study indicates that cancer patients and survivors have a ready weapon against fatigue and 'chemo brain': a brisk walk. Researchers at the University of Illinois, along with collaborators at Digital Artefacts in Iowa City, Iowa, and Northeastern University in Boston, looked at the association between physical activity, fatigue and performance on cognitive tasks in nearly 300 breast cancer survivors.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uWaSWP

Elevated cholesterol's link with canine cancer includes a better prognosis

(Oregon State University) Usually thought of as a health detriment, elevated cholesterol may play a role in longer survival times for dogs with a common form of bone cancer.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tzNhaU

Lutein may counter cognitive aging, study finds

(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) Spinach and kale are favorites of those looking to stay physically fit, but they also could keep consumers cognitively fit, according to a new study from University of Illinois researchers.The study, which included 60 adults aged 25 to 45, found that middle-aged participants with higher levels of lutein -- a nutrient found in green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale, as well as avocados and eggs -- had neural responses that were more on par with younger individuals than with their peers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2h0jztG

Americans say discussions about clinical trials should be part of standard of care

(Research!America) An overwhelming majority of Americans (86%) agree that health care professionals should discuss clinical trials with patients diagnosed with a disease as part of their standard of care, according to a new national public opinion survey commissioned by Research!America. And three-quarters of respondents (75%) agree that taking part in clinical trials is as valuable to our health care system as giving blood.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2h03XGH

How texting can protect babies from sudden death

(University of Virginia Health System) Educational videos delivered by text or email successfully encouraged new mothers to use safe sleep practices for their babies, reducing the risk of sudden unexpected infant death, a new study has found.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2eKP0HH

High prevalence of evidence of CTE in brains of deceased football players

(The JAMA Network Journals) Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) was diagnosed post-mortem in a high proportion of former football players whose brains were donated for research, including 110 of 111 National Football League players, according to a study published by JAMA.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uWosJA

What do Trump's tweets say about his personality?

(Springer) The Twitter messages of Donald J. Trump, the entrepreneurial businessman turned US president, show that he is creative, competitive and a rule-breaker, but also has neurotic tendencies. An analysis of Trump's tweets and what implications his personality traits have for political leadership are the focus of a study published in Springer's journal Small Business Economics.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vXhktT

InSysBio LLC announce renewal of agreement with ASTEX Pharmaceuticals Inc.

(Institute for Systems Biology Moscow) nSysBio LLC (www.insysbio.ru), one of the pioneers in Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP) modeling and simulation for drug development, announced today a renewal of multi-year Master Service Agreement with ASTEX Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2v4H4by

How marriage may protect transgender couples

(Michigan State University) Transgender people who are married are less likely to experience discrimination than their unmarried counterparts, indicates a national study led by a Michigan State University sociologist.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uW3cnn

UNIST professor featured as a highly prolific author in ACS Journal

(Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST)) A South Korean researcher, affiliated with Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology has recently been listed in the 2017 'Highly Prolific Authors' for Nano Letters by ACS Publications.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vFJZnW

Psychopaths are better at learning to lie, say researchers

(BioMed Central) Individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits are better at learning to lie than individuals who show few psychopathic traits, according to a study published in the open access journal Translational Psychiatry. The findings indicate that people with high psychopathic traits may not have a 'natural' capacity to lie better, but rather are better at learning how to lie, according to the researchers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2utLdE7

Possible treatment for deadly weight loss

(Norwegian University of Science and Technology) Many cancer patients are susceptible to potentially lethal weight loss. Now researchers understand better why this happens, and perhaps how to prevent the condition.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tzo3cz

UNIST hits new world efficiency record with perovskite solar cells

(Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST)) South Korea's Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology has presented a new cost-efficient way to produce inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) which sets a new world-record efficiency performance of 22.1 %.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tzrLmF

A secret to giving the perfect gift: Stop being afraid

(Society for Consumer Psychology) Researchers found that people would prefer to receive sentimentally valuable gifts, but instead they often receive superficial gifts related to their personal preferences.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tGx9IE

Feeling stressed during the workday? Research says playing video games may help

(Human Factors and Ergonomics Society) Human factors/ergonomics researchers found that engaging in casual video game play during rest breaks can help restore mood in response to workplace stress.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tW10Iy

Clinical trial for type 1 diabetes reaches halfway point

(Sanford Health/Sanford Research) The Sanford Project: T-Rex Study, a Phase 2 clinical trial conducted collaboratively by Sanford Health and Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., (Caladrius)(Nasdaq: CLBS), has reached the halfway point for enrollment and treatment.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2eKTwGf

Noise pollution loudest in black neighborhoods, segregated cities

(University of California - Berkeley) Noise pollution is inescapable in segregated cities, where noise pollution is worse for everyone, not just racial and ethnic minorities, according to the first breakdown of noise exposure along racial, ethnic and socioeconomic lines in the United States.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tGz0gH

Toddlers begin learning rules of reading, writing at very early age, study finds

(Washington University in St. Louis) New research from Washington University in St. Louis suggests that children as young as 3 already are beginning to recognize and follow important rules and patterns governing how letters in the English language fit together to make words.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2eJV97n

NASA encourages kids to Train Like an Astronaut

(NASA/Johnson Space Center) Getting kids interested in health and fitness is never easy, but tell them they are going to "train like an astronaut" and they suddenly can't wait to know more. As a response to the childhood obesity epidemic, NASA introduced Mission X: Train like an Astronaut in 2011. Since then it has morphed into a global collaboration of fitness challenges that has tens of thousands of young people testing their own agility, taking their own pulse, and learning how to get and stay healthy.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2txKgYz

Study explains link between academic performance and violence

(Northwestern University) A lack of variation in the stress hormone cortisol from morning to evening is tied to a wide range of negative health conditions, including inflammation and immune system dysfunction, new Northwestern University research suggests. In the first comprehensive review of the relationship between daily cortisol fluctuations and health, researchers at the School of Education and Social Policy combined data from 80 different studies to show that while cortisol levels matter, a lack of variation from morning to evening may be even more telling.   

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2gYFBgB

Pattern of marijuana use during adolescence may impact psychosocial outcomes in adulthood

(University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences) A pattern of escalating marijuana use in adolescents is linked to higher rates of depression and lower educational accomplishments in adulthood.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2eJKjOv

Violent sleep patterns & stress hormones change after a violent crime in the neighborhood

(Society for Research in Child Development) A new study has found that violent crime changes youth's sleep patterns the night immediately following the crime and changes patterns of the stress hormone cortisol the following day. Both may then disrupt academic performance in students.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2gYKeqT

Humans imitate in unique ways: Comparing children and bonobos

(Society for Research in Child Development) A new study compared children's capacity to imitate behavior with the same capacity of humans' closest living great ape relatives, the bonobos. The study found that bonobos do not copy actions as children do, which highlights the unique nature of human imitation.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2eJqQ0v

Brain stimulation may improve cognitive performance in people with schizophrenia

(King's College London) Brain stimulation could be used to treat cognitive deficits frequently associated with schizophrenia, according to a new study from King's College London.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2eJ9S21

Dog walking could be key to ensuring activity in later life

(University of East Anglia) A new study has shown that regularly walking a dog boosts levels of physical activity in older people, especially during the winter. Researchers found that owning or walking a dog was one of the most effective ways to beat the usual decline in later-life activity, even combatting the effects of bad weather. Dog owners were sedentary for 30 minutes less per day, on average.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tEoCGe

Reaching black men in barbershops could lead to early detection of colorectal cancer

(NYU Langone Health / NYU School of Medicine) NYU Langone researchers find that black men who enrolled in a patient navigator program at local barbershops were twice as likely to get colorectal cancer screening.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uRSq1E

Physics of bubbles could explain language patterns

(University of Portsmouth) Language patterns could be predicted by simple laws of physics, a new study has found. Dr James Burridge from the University of Portsmouth has published a theory using ideas from physics to predict where and how dialects occur.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uqYdL2

Scientists gain clearer picture of how genes affect lean body mass

(Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research) Scientists from the Institute for Aging Research (IFAR) at Hebrew SeniorLife (HSL), along with several other research institutions are making great strides in understanding the genetics behind lean body mass, which is largely made up of muscle mass). A new study, published in the journal Nature Communications, outlines their findings in what is the largest, most comprehensive genetic study of lean mass to date.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tuXPIr

FSU researcher paves new path toward preventing obesity

(Florida State University) People who experience unpredictable childhoods face a higher risk of becoming obese as adults.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2utS133

Exposure to violence hinders short-term memory, cognitive control

(Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs) Being exposed to and actively remembering violent episodes -- even those that happened up to a decade before -- hinders short-term memory and cognitive control, according to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uQGayQ

Bird songs provide insight into how developing brain forms memories

(University of Chicago) Researchers at the University of Chicago have demonstrated, for the first time, that a key protein complex in the brain is linked to the ability of young animals to learn behavioral patterns from adults.The findings, published July 24 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, show that a specific neural signal -- the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) cascade -- regulates the ability of juvenile zebra finches to form accurate memories of songs taught to them by adult birds.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2utOgLb

Using money to buy time linked to increased happiness

(University of British Columbia) New research is challenging the age-old adage that money can't buy happiness. The study, led by researchers at the University of British Columbia and Harvard Business School, suggests that using money to buy free time -- such as paying to delegate household chores like cleaning and cooking -- is linked to greater life satisfaction.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uR7e0W

Rainforest metropolis casts 1,000 km shadow on wildlife

(Lancaster University) Urban food demand in the Amazon could be hitting wildlife up to 1,000 km away from the city, according to new research.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uqxZYP

Special policy forum with Rep. Bonamici at the 2017 Ecological Society Annual Meeting

(Ecological Society of America) The political landscape has become more challenging to navigate for scientists seeking to inform policy. In response to ecologists' increased motivation to effectively engage in the political scene, this year's Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America will feature a new event to examine the current national political landscape from the ecological science perspective. This Special Policy Forum will take place on Monday, August 7 at the Society's 102nd Annual Meeting in Portland, Oregon.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tuVqxr

GSA publication advocates oral health promotion across professions

(The Gerontological Society of America) Recognizing oral health as an essential element of healthy aging, The Gerontological Society of America has released a new white paper -- 'Interprofessional Solutions for Improving Oral Health in Older Adults: Addressing Access Barriers, Creating Oral Health Champions' -- that makes six specific recommendations aimed at raising people's quality of life as they age.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2utAzM7

Stress hormone linked to mood and hippocampus volume

(Society for Neuroscience) Individual differences in the pattern of release of the hormone cortisol in response to a stressful experience reveal how stressed a person actually feels, suggests a study of healthy women published in The Journal of Neuroscience.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vT8bCP

Fearing surveillance, dads with a record avoid kids' schools

(Cornell University) A Cornell University sociologist and former elementary school teacher recently identified a mechanism that may explain why these kids whose parents have spent time behind bars, have worse educational outcomes -- and strong, lasting, negative consequences that often span generations.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2utcS6I

Cognitive impairment toolkit helps providers with detection, earlier diagnosis

(The Gerontological Society of America) The Gerontological Society of America is now offering a free online toolkit to aid primary care providers in achieving greater awareness of cognition in their older adult patients, increasing cognitive detection of cognitive impairment, securing earlier diagnostic evaluation, and referring to community services.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tDAatq

Antidepressant use in pregnant women linked to small increase in autism

(Drexel University) Antidepressant use in pregnant women was linked to increased cases of autism in their children, though the absolute risk appeared to be small.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uQUJSk

AGS encourages bipartisan collaboration on health reform proposals

(American Geriatrics Society) With the US Senate continuing to move forward with plans to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act, the American Geriatrics Society calls on Congressional leaders to work across the aisle and with stakeholders to develop policy proposals that will support the health and well-being of all Americans.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tuyr5n

First evidence for American nurses credentialing center Pathway to Excellence program

(University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing) In a new study, researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing's Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Research, and the Rutgers University School of Nursing examined the factors influencing the likelihood of missed nursing care in the home care setting. Their findings indicate that home care nurses with poor work environments are more likely to miss required care.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uQMu99

'Strong for surgery' shows promise in reducing smoking rates for patients facing surgery

(American College of Surgeons) New ACS quality improvement program is linked to a two-thirds decrease in the rate of smoking in patients undergoing cervical and lumbar spine procedures.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vBvQbm

Alcohol boosts recall of earlier learning

(University of Exeter) Drinking alcohol improves memory for information learned before the drinking episode began, new research suggests.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2usp1sH

Breast cancer patients can use antiperspirants during radiotherapy

(University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine) Women undergoing daily radiation therapy for breast cancer are commonly told they should not use antiperspirant for fear that it could cause greater radiation damage to the skin, but a new study from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania showed there was no difference in the radiation skin dose absorbed by these patients with or without these deodorants.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uPVsDX

Higher cognitive abilities linked to greater risk of stereotyping, new study finds

(New York University) People with higher cognitive abilities are more likely to learn and apply social stereotypes, finds a new study. The results, stemming from a series of experiments, show that those with higher cognitive abilities also more easily unlearn stereotypes when presented with new information.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uQCcFK

Study finds 90 percent of American men overfat

(Frontiers) Researchers reported earlier this year in the journal Frontiers of Public Health that up to 76 percent of the world's population may be overfat. Now these same researchers have focused their efforts on data from 30 of the top developed countries, with even more alarming findings that up to 90 percent of adult males and 50 percent of children may be overfat.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tuiZX2

Psychologists say our 'attachment style' applies to social networks like Facebook

(University of Kansas) The new paper in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin describes four studies that lend insight into the interplay between attachment style and how people manage and perceive friendship networks.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uQF4me

World-first ketamine trial shows promise for geriatric depression

(University of New South Wales) Australian researchers have completed the world's first randomised control trial (RCT) assessing the efficacy and safety of ketamine as a treatment for depression in elderly patients.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tuDi6K

Civil unrest after Freddie Gray's death harms health in Baltimore mothers

(University of Maryland Medical Center) The April 2015 civil unrest associated with Freddie Gray's death while in police custody caused a significant spike of stress in mothers of young children living in affected neighborhoods, according to new research from the University of Maryland School of Medicine (UM SOM).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2eHLRbE

US study of dapivirine ring in lactating women finds little drug gets into breast milk

(Microbicide Trials Network) The antiretroviral drug dapivirine contained in a vaginal ring for HIV prevention, is absorbed in very low concentrations into breastmilk, according to a US study of the dapivirine ring in women who were no longer nursing their babies but still producing milk. Researchers are now planning studies of the ring in African women who are breastfeeding as well as during pregnancy, when there may be a greater risk of acquiring HIV.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2gWp10S

Neuroticism may postpone death for some

(Association for Psychological Science) Data from a longitudinal study of over 500,000 people in the United Kingdom indicate that having higher levels of the personality trait neuroticism may reduce the risk of death for individuals who report being in fair or poor health. The research, published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, further revealed that a specific aspect of neuroticism related to worry and feelings of vulnerability was associated with lower mortality, regardless of self-reported health.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2eGQIda

Autonomous vehicles, wearables, workplace safety among topics to be presented at HFES 2017

(Human Factors and Ergonomics Society) More than 130 concurrent sessions will cover a variety of topics representing the wide-reaching impact of HF/E research and practice in areas affecting human performance and safety at home, work, and leisure. Work to be presented continues to advance HF/E scholarship and application in areas that have an impact on design, manufacturing, and legislation.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vAou84

Tai chi may help prevent falls in older and at-risk adults

(Wiley) An analysis of published studies indicates that tai chi may help reduce the number of falls in both the older adult population and at-risk adults.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2gVVRiz

Link between income inequality and physical activity for women, but not for men

(Oxford University Press USA) A recent paper published in the Journal of Public Health finds that women from areas with high income inequality are less likely to meet overall physical activity recommendations than men from the same geographical area.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2gV3XIa

Patients taking opioids prior to ACL surgery more likely to be on pain medications longer

(American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine) More than 130,000 Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) surgeries take place each year with the majority of patients not requiring pain medication after three months post-operatively. However, researchers presenting their work at the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine's Annual Meeting today in Toronto, Ontario, Canada found that those patients who were filling opioid prescriptions prior to surgery were 10 times more likely to be filling prescriptions five months after surgery.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2ulj2pm

High-fat diet in pregnancy can cause mental health problems in offspring

(Oregon Health & Science University) New research in an animal model suggests a high-fat diet during pregnancy alters the development of the brain and endocrine system of offspring. The new study links an unhealthy diet during pregnancy to mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression in children.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tnWjYv

6.5 million pounds (25 billion-pesos) to kick-start Colombian bioeconomy

(Earlham Institute) A four-year investment from RCUK's Global Challenges Research Fund is set to stimulate the bioeconomy by increasing knowledge of Colombia's greatest treasure: its biodiversity

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vJ7YBN

Name that scotch

(Wiley) Vodka tastes different from brandy, and connoisseurs can distinguish among different brands of whiskeys. The flavors of spirits result from a complex bouquet of volatile compounds. New colorimetric sensor arrays on disposable test-strips read by hand-held devices allow for their rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive identification by their chemical 'fingerprints'. They are based on novel sensor arrays that detect and differentiate among a diverse range of aldehydes and ketones, as reported in the journal Angewandte Chemie.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2txnvIk

Rush hour pollution may be more dangerous than you think

(Duke University) Everyone knows that exposure to pollution during rush hour traffic can be hazardous to your health, but it's even worse than previously thought. In-car measurements of pollutants that cause oxidative stress found exposure levels for drivers to be twice as high as previously believed.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tNM0MT

Good fighters are bad runners

(University of Utah) For mice and men, a strength in one area of Darwinian fitness may mean a deficiency in another. A look at Olympic athletes shows that a wrestler is built much differently than a marathoner. It's long been supposed that strength in fighting, or protecting territory and resources, comes at the expense of running, or spatial mobility. Now an experiment with house mice provides evidence for this theory.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vJ2eZ4

University of Cincinnati creates new model to support workers with disabilities

(University of Cincinnati) The University of Cincinnati's Advancement and Transition Services trained Aramark dining services employees on evidence-based practices used by job coaches to support workers with intellectual and developmental disabilities, or I/DD. The result: the independence levels and social capital of workers with I/DD drastically improved over the course of a semester. The new model of support could help workers with I/DD in other workplaces.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tn1esP

In saliva, clues to a 'ghost' species of ancient human

(University at Buffalo) In saliva, scientists have found hints that a 'ghost' species of archaic humans may have contributed genetic material to ancestors of people living in sub-Saharan Africa today. The research adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting that sexual rendezvous between different archaic human species may not have been unusual.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology http://ift.tt/2tnbWPU

Black swans in public administration

(University of Konstanz) Administrative scientist Professor Wolfgang Seibel from the University of Konstanz awarded a Reinhart Koselleck Project to carry out pioneering research into serious organizational failure.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uIMrft

The way of change is important!

(Bentham Science Publishers) However, a new research mind has to emerge in our minds from recent research article 'The Relationship Between Green Building and Regional Economy: A Case Study in Guangdong, China,' published in The Open Civil Engineering Journal.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uGxFWI

Research shows that refugee image in Lithuanian, British and US press is mainly negative

(Kaunas University of Technology) Ieva Senkute, Kaunas University of Technology graduate and a professional translator researched more than 200 articles published in Lithuanian, American and British online media in order to determine conceptualization of discourse on refugees. For the work, which was her bachelor's studies project, Ieva received an award from Lithuanian Academy of Science.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tmZQWM

Depression changes structure of the brain, study suggests

(University of Edinburgh) Changes in the brain's structure that could be the result of depression have been identified in a major scanning study.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2ui8lFL

India must rethink infrastructure needs for 100 new 'smart' cities to be sustainable

(University of Lincoln) Plans to create 100 new 'smart' cities in India to support the country's rapidly growing urban population could have a significant detrimental impact on the environment unless greater emphasis is placed on providing new supporting infrastructure and utilities, according to a major new study.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uhZdRC

Sixth volume of the German Surname Atlas released

(Johannes Gutenberg Universitaet Mainz) The now available sixth volume of the German Surname Atlas contains 49 sets of maps with a total of 253 detailed maps showing the distribution of surnames derived from given names.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uhCJQx

Social media: Simplifying surveillance

(Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) The controversial Snap Map app enables Snapchat users to track their friends. This is the latest in a series of monitoring tools to be built on social media platforms. A new Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU) in Munich study assesses the benefits and risks associated with their use.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tmiOx6

Study reveals most impactful neuroscience research

(Frontiers) A study of the 100 most-cited neuroscience articles has revealed that 78 of these papers cover five topics, including neurological disorders, the prefrontal cortex, brain connectivity, brain mapping and methodology studies. The study allows scientists, policy-makers and investors to quickly identify the most-cited articles and impactful research in neuroscience.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uGM45h

New study reveals that causes of severe antisocial behavior may differ for boys and girls

(University of Bath) The causes of severe antisocial behavior may differ between boys and girls, which could pave the way for new sex-specific treatments, according to a major new study published today.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uHohSA

Sleep disorders may increase cognitive problems particularly in those at risk for Alzheimer's

(American Thoracic Society) People who carry a genetic susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease appear to be at greater risk of diminished cognition from sleep-disordered breathing than those without the susceptibility, according to new research published online, ahead of print in the Annals of the American Thoracic Society.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tkUZ8V

Francis Crick Institute to train top African scientists

(The Francis Crick Institute) The Francis Crick Institute and five partner institutes in Africa have today announced a fellowship program to train African researchers to tackle infectious diseases in their home countries. The program, called the Crick African Network, is supported by a £6 million grant from the Global Challenges Research Fund, a five-year initiative led by the UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy to address problems faced by developing countries.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uf01Vr

High-dose influenza vaccine leads to lower hospitalizations in nursing home residents

(University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center) In the largest nursing home study to date on the effect of a high-dose flu vaccine, researchers found that vaccines with four times the antigen of standard flu vaccines significantly reduced the risk of respiratory and all-cause hospitalization during flu season. The study found a 12.7 percent relative reduction in the incidence of hospitalization for respiratory illness and an 8.5 percent reduction of all-cause hospitalizations.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tkh9Io

USDA announces $15.1m for research on renewable energy, biobased products, agroecosystems

(National Institute of Food and Agriculture ) The USDepartment of Agriculture's (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) today announced 34 grants totaling $15.1 million for research on agricultural systems and production of biomaterials and fuels, socioeconomic implications and public policy challenges of bioenergy and bioproducts market development and expansion, understanding nutrient cycling in agricultural systems, and the management of agricultural ecosystems. The grants are funded through NIFA's Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI), authorized by the 2014 Farm Bill.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2ueLadF

Study finds gene variant increases risk for depression

(University of Central Florida) A University of Central Florida study has found that a gene variant, thought to be carried by nearly 25 percent of the population, increases the odds of developing depression.People with apolipoprotein-E4, called ApoE4 for short, have a 20 percent greater chance of developing clinically significant depressive symptoms later in life compared to those who don't have the gene variant, said Rosanna Scott, lead author of the study published in The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2ttQ2P0

Sunny, rainy, or cloudy: New study shows how weather impacts response to mobile ads

(Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences) Among the many factors that impact digital marketing and online advertising strategy, a new study in the INFORMS journal Marketing Science provides insight to a growing trend among firms and big brands ... weather-based advertising. According to the study, certain weather conditions are more amenable for consumer responses to mobile marketing efforts, while the tone of your ad content can either help or hurt such response depending on the current local weather.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2uGuK0a

In making decisions, are you an ant or a grasshopper?

(University of Connecticut) Findings in a recent publication by UConn psychology researcher Susan Zhu and colleagues add to a growing body of evidence that, although it may seem less appealing, the ant's gratification-delaying strategy should not be viewed in a negative light.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2udxgsv

Examining the forces behind political conduct: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Political Behavior

(SAGE) What fuels government leaders and constituents into political action, such as attacking the media or marching and protesting, and how do these acts influence political outcomes and public policy debates? What makes democracy appealing to one society and socialism appealing to the country next door? As political passions and polarization escalate, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Political Behavior launches an exploration into the intersections of psychology, political science, sociology, and human behavior.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2ttREZd

A plastic planet

(University of California - Santa Barbara) Industrial ecologist Roland Geyer measures the production, use and fate of all the plastics ever made, including synthetic fibers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vnBU7c

Hiring risk executives to protect US banks backfired, contributing to 2008 crash

(University of Toronto) Why did America's biggest banks become heavily exposed to high-risk derivatives in the lead-up to the recent credit crisis? Researchers found the trend wasn't just driven by banks' enthusiasm for profits. Instead, government efforts to dampen bank risk-taking backfired by putting champions of risk into power. Chief Risk Officers put in place to oversee risk management encouraged banks to increase their exposure to the riskiest kinds of derivatives in the years ahead of the crisis.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2tiQ1JG

New research uncovers a cause of schizophrenia

(University of Copenhagen The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences) A new study from the University of Copenhagen shows that genetic defects may damage the supporting cells of the brain -- the glial cells -- which may lead to a number of brain disorders, including schizophrenia. The study is based on groundbreaking tests with mice whose brains were colonized with human glial cells.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2vnFA98

Parents have critical role in preventing teen drinking

(University of Adelaide) Fewer Australian teenagers are drinking alcohol but more needs to be done to curb the drinking habits of Aussie students, based on the findings of the latest study by Adelaide researchers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2ud48l2

Want to win at sports? Take a cue from these mighty mice

(Wake Forest University) As student athletes hit training fields this summer to gain the competitive edge, a new study shows how the experiences of a tiny mouse can put them on the path to winning. Scientists examined how surges of testosterone both before and after aggressive encounters led the male California mouse to win in future matches.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science http://ift.tt/2ttjp4a