In vitro cell culture findings could lead to novel interventions for Schizophrenia

(McLean Hospital) A recent study has shown how using cultured cells from patients with psychotic disorders to investigate abnormalities in nerve connections in the brain could lead to new treatments.

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A cancer drug may help treat human papillomavirus infections

(University of Alabama at Birmingham) Preclinical experiments suggest the cancer drugs vorinostat, belinostat and panobinostat might be repurposed to treat infections caused by human papillomaviruses, or HPVs. Highly efficacious vaccines against HPV infection exist -- including the recently approved Gardasil 9, which immunizes against nine genotypes of HPV known to cause cervical, vulvar, vaginal and anal cancers. But the vaccine needs to be given before a person becomes sexually active, since it has no therapeutic efficacy against existing HPV infections.

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Bigger brains are smarter, but not by much

(University of Pennsylvania) Using a large dataset and controlling for a variety of factors, including sex, age, height, socioeconomic status, and genetic ancestry, Gideon Nave of the Wharton School and Philipp Koellinger of Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam found that people with larger brains rated higher on measures of intelligence and educational attainment. Size was far from everything, however, explaining only about two percent of the variation in smarts.

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AI researchers join forces to develop the 'ImageNet' of generative drug discovery

(InSilico Medicine, Inc.) Insilico Medicine contributes to the new platform MOSES (Molecular Sets), described in the paper titled "Molecular Sets (MOSES): A Benchmarking Platform for Molecular Generation Models".

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African-American mothers rate boys higher for ADHD

(Lehigh University) African-American children often are reported by parents and teachers to display behaviors of ADHD at a higher rate than children from other racial and ethnic groups. For the first time, researchers have found that African-American mothers in a study rated boys as displaying more frequent ADHD symptoms than Caucasian mothers did, regardless of child race. The findings mean that racial differences found in prior studies may be more due to maternal race than child race.

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Half the world’s annual rain falls in just 12 days

Climate change could shorten the time it talks for the world’s to receive half its annual precipitation from 12 days to 11 by 2100.

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US image abroad: It's the message not the messenger

(Dartmouth College) Today's political climate in the US is often peppered with animosity from the US president towards other countries but how has the US image fared? A Dartmouth study finds that the US image abroad appears to be influenced more by policy content than by the person delivering the message, even if it is the US president. The results are published in Political Behavior.

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Stone Age people conquered the Tibetan Plateau’s thin air

Stone tools that are at least 30,000 years old suggest that people settled the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau earlier than scientists thought.

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AIP receives $650,000 grant to digitize rare books

(American Institute of Physics) The American Institute of Physics announced today that it has received a grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to make a unique collection of rare books in the physical sciences universally accessible. The grant will enable AIP's Niels Bohr Library & Archives to provide global, digital access to the Wenner Collection, a carefully curated repository that features 3,800 volumes, dating back nearly five centuries.

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Study sheds light on alcohol misuse among never-deployed reservists

(University at Buffalo) In a study of 174 Army Reserve and National Guard soldiers who hadn't been deployed, University at Buffalo researchers found that more negative non-deployment emotions were associated with a range of alcohol use outcomes.

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Around the world, reported measles cases jumped 31 percent in 2017

While the number of reported measles cases has dropped 80 percent from 2000 to 2017, high profile outbreaks pushed the 2017 total up from 2016.

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MDI Biological Laboratory scientist receives scientific innovation award

(Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory) Vicki P. Losick, Ph.D., has been named the inaugural recipient of an award from the William Procter Scientific Innovation Fund. The award will support her research at the MDI Biological Laboratory on age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness in older people. Losick will establish a fruit fly model for AMD that she will use to study the genetics underlying the disease, and potentially to test for interventions to prevent or reverse it.

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Researchers alleviate Schizophrenia symptoms in new mouse models

(Case Western Reserve University) In a recent issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Lin Mei, MD, PhD, asked, does all the tinkering in young mice hamper their brain development, causing schizophrenia-like symptoms? Or, do their brain cells develop normally, but in adulthood struggle to communicate? Researchers need to know whether to focus their efforts on brain cell development or communication, or both, because the answer to these questions implies different therapeutic approaches.

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Ambulance response times are worse for low-income people

(University of California - San Francisco) In what is believed to be the first national study evaluating disparities in 911 responses for cardiac arrest in high-income and low-income neighborhoods, a team led by researchers at UC San Francisco examined whether socioeconomic disparities were associated with longer ambulance responses and transport times for cardiac arrests occurring outside hospital premises.

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What are effects of smoked, vaporized marijuana in infrequent adult users?

(JAMA Network) Researchers compared the effects of smoked versus vaporized cannabis at two different doses and a placebo dose in a small study of 17 healthy adults who weren't regular cannabis users. Participants felt the effects of smoked and vaporized cannabis at a 10-mg dose of the psychoactive component THC, including modest cognitive impairment, while a 25-mg dose of THC produced more pronounced drug effects and substantial impairment of cognitive and psychomotor functioning.

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Why patients lie to their doctors

(University of Utah Health) Up to 80 percent of those surveyed have lied to their doctor about information that could impact their health, including accurately describing their diet and how often they exercise. When survey participants explained their reasoning for doing so, they said that they wanted to avoid being judged and didn't want to be lectured about how bad certain behaviors were. The research was led by scientists at University of Utah Health and Middlesex Community College.

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New research questions fish stocking obligations

(University of Eastern Finland) Fish stocking as a fisheries compensation method in hydropower operations no longer meets latest legal and scientific requirements, according to a new study from the University of Eastern Finland. Published in Water International, the study focuses on ecological flows from the viewpoints of law and biology.

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Many diseases increase the risks of hip fracture surgery

(University of Eastern Finland) Parkinson's disease, osteoarthritis, rheumatic diseases, alcoholism and mental health disorders increase the risk of surgical complications after a hip fracture surgery, a new Finnish study analysing nationwide registers finds. 4.6 percent of all hip surgery patients and 10 percent of total hip replacement surgery patients experienced surgical complications within three months following their surgery.

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How you respond to drama depends on if you are a holistic or analytical thinker

(Aalto University) Aalto University researchers showed volunteers the film My Sister's Keeper on a screen while the research subjects were lying down in an MRI scanner. The study compared the volunteers' brain activity, and concluded that holistic thinkers saw the film more similarly with each other than analytical thinkers. In addition, holistic thinkers processed the film's moral issues and factual connections within the film more similarly with each other than the analytical thinkers.

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Falls are more likely when you've had a bad night sleep

(University of Warwick) Disturbances during sleep decreases capability to control posture and balance according to researchers from the Department of Engineering and Warwick Medical School at the University of Warwick who have an article published today in Scientific Reports.

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Can a smart app encourage HIV-self testing in Canada?

(McGill University Health Centre) HIV self-testing strategies have been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2016, as they empower people to find out HIV their status at their convenience. Home-based testing kits have yet to be approved for sale in Canada. However, a team from the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), evaluated an unsupervised HIV self-testing program via a smartphone and tablet application called HIVSmart!, among an at-risk population (men who have sex with men).

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Mischievous responders taint LGBQ health estimates in national survey

(New York University) Many research studies have reported on the elevated health risk and deviance of youth who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or questioning (LGBQ) but a new study using national data suggests that many of those estimates may be overstated and that LGBQ youth risk and deviance is not as different from heterosexual youth as many studies claim.

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An acid found in soil may make a disease killing deer less infectious

An incurable neurodegenerative disease crippling North American deer, elk and moose may be thwarted by an organic soil compound.

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Virtual reality could serve as powerful environmental education tool

(Stanford University) Stanford researchers took a virtual reality experience into a variety of educational settings, including high school classrooms, to test the impact on awareness and understanding of ocean acidification.

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An opioid epidemic may be looming in Mexico -- and the US may be partly responsible

(University of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences) Though opioid use in Mexico has been low, national and international factors are converging and a threat of increased drug and addiction rates exists. Many of these factors may have originated in the US, making this a potential joint US-Mexico epidemic. The authors of this analytic essay came to this conclusion based on a study of published academic literature, Mexican federal documents and guidelines, and news reports pertaining to opioid use in Mexico.

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A jumping spider mom nurses her brood for weeks on milk

Even after spiderlings start hunting for themselves, they come to mom for milk.

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Neighborhoods influence Chicagoans' transportation decisions

(Northwestern University) A new study from Northwestern University compared Evanston and Humboldt Park residents' attitudes toward various modes of transportation. The researchers found that Evanston residents more readily accepted new active mobility modes, such as bikeshare programs. But Humboldt Park residents exercised skepticism toward such programs, viewing them as signs of privilege and gentrification.

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Fruit flies can transmit their sexual preferences culturally

(CNRS) Researchers from the CNRS and université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) show that fruit flies possess all of the cognitive capacities needed to culturally transmit their sexual preferences across generations. The study, published on November 30, 2018 in Science, provides the first experimental toolbox for studying the existence of animal cultures, thereby opening up an entire field of research.

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Chipped stones and cut bones show early hominin presence in North Africa

(American Association for the Advancement of Science) Ancient stone tools and cut-marked animal bones discovered in Algeria suggest that modern humans' ancestors called northern Africa home much earlier than archaeologists once thought, a new study reports.

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New archaeological site revises human habitation timeline on Tibetan plateau

(Chinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters) Human ancestors first set foot on the interior of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau around 30,000-40,000 years ago, according to new research by scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). This new finding moves back the earliest data of habitation in the interior by 20,000 years or more.

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Stone-tool makers reached North Africa and Arabia surprisingly early

Ancient Homo species spread advances in toolmaking far beyond East Africa.

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Astronomers have measured all the starlight ever emitted

Astronomers used distant blazars to tally up all the stray photons roaming through space.

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Media portrayals of black men contribute to police violence, Rutgers study says

(Rutgers University) Negative portrayals in the news media affect how police treat black men in the United States, according to a Rutgers School of Public Health study.

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Curry spice boosts exercise performance in mice with heart failure

(American Physiological Society) New research suggests that curcumin, a main ingredient in curry, may improve exercise intolerance related to heart failure. The study is published ahead of print in the Journal of Applied Physiology.

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Ending the HIV epidemic: Where does Europe stand?

(European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) ) From diagnosis of HIV to successful viral suppression: in a rapid communication published in Eurosurveillance today, ECDC and co-authors from Public Health England and The National AIDS Trust summarise the progress towards HIV elimination in 52 countries in Europe and Central Asia. The main issues: diagnosing those who are unaware of their HIV infection and treating them.

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We could learn to love Big Food

(Springer) Our food system is extraordinary. If you've got a hankering after something, you can probably get it within the hour. Today, consumers also expect food companies to acknowledge the impact they have on our health and on the environment. However, the larger the company, the more likely consumers are to believe it will serve its own interests before theirs'. An erosion of trust means Big Food is at risk of losing its freedom to operate.

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When it comes to using birth control, both intention and attitude matter

(Veterans Affairs Research Communications) A new VA study adds to the evidence that women's intentions around becoming pregnant don't fully explain whether and how they use contraception. Rather, their attitudes toward becoming pregnant also play a role.

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Study finds sexual trauma survivors have clear preferences in obstetric care

(Boston Medical Center) Researchers at Boston Medical Center (BMC) surveyed women with a history of sexual trauma and found that they have clear preferences regarding how they communicate their history with providers as well as certain aspects of their treatment plan. Published in Obstetrics and Gynecology, these results can help inform providers on best practices when caring for these women.

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Adoption of mobile payment shifts consumer spending patterns, habits

(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) Paying for goods with a smartphone not only increases the overall transaction amount and frequency of purchases by consumers, it also effectively replaces the actual, physical credit cards in their wallets, said Yuqian Xu, a professor of business administration at the Gies College of Business at Illinois.

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Even if doing a good job, women CEOs more likely to be fired

(University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa) Women CEOs are much more likely than male CEOs to be dismissed, even when the women are performing well, according to research from The University of Alabama.

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How a rat and bat helped heal a 90-year cultural rift

(Field Museum) Mammalogists from the Field Museum in Chicago, James Cook University, and the Australian Museum went to the Solomon Islands in search of a giant rat and monkey-faced bat -- and ended up playing a role in fostering peace between the Kwaio people of Malaita and the Western world. A reconciliation ceremony between the Kwaio and Australian scientists began the healing process for acts of violence committed in 1927, when the Solomon Islands were a British protectorate.

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World's first video game music and sound research journal

(University of Chichester) The world's first academic journal devoted to the presentation of peer-reviewed, high-quality research into video game music and sound, is to be hosted by the Department of Creative Digital Technologies at the University of Chichester, based at the Tech Park on its Bognor Regis campus, UK.

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Expert warns over 'little room for complacency' over fall in twin stillbirth rates

(University of Birmingham) Expert warns over 'little room for complacency' over fall in twin stillbirth rates.

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Brain stimulation relieves depression symptoms

(University of California - San Francisco) Patients with moderate to severe depression reported significant improvements in mood when researchers precisely stimulated a brain region called the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), according to a UC San Francisco research study published Nov. 29, 2018 in Current Biology. The results are an important step toward developing a therapy for people with treatment-resistant depression, which affects as many as 30 percent of depression patients.

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Effective new target for mood-boosting brain stimulation found

(Cell Press) Researchers have found an effective target in the brain for electrical stimulation to improve mood in people suffering from depression. As reported in the journal Current Biology on Nov. 29, stimulation of a brain region called the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) reliably produced acute improvement in mood in patients who suffered from depression at the start of the study.

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Zaps to a certain spot in the brain may ease depression

When implanted electrodes stimulated a brain region just behind the eyes, people’s spirits were raised immediately.

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Childhood obesity prevention program for Latino communities wins community engagement award

(George Mason University) The program, 'Vidas Activas, y Familias Saludables (VALÉ): A Multidisciplinary Childhood Obesity Treatment Program for Latino Communities,' was honored with the Potomac Health Foundation's Best Practice Award for Community Engagement.

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New Max Planck Fellow Dirk Hanschel to study environmental protection as a human right

(Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg) Dirk Hanschel, Professor of German, European, and International Public Law at Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU), will carry out a research programme on 'Environmental Rights in Cultural Context' as a Max Planck Fellow at the Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Social Anthropology in Halle starting in January 2019. The fellowship position, which is awarded by the Max Planck Society, is connected with a research grant of up to 500,000 euros.

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Moviemaking mimics nature for creative control and a more realistic look

(Dartmouth College) The physics of atmospheric science and neutron scattering combine to help animators create more lifelike movies.

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Ancient populations from different Caucasus regions had strong social connections

(AKSON Russian Science Communication Association) Research group from Russia and the United States analyzed samples of obsidian volcanic glass in Kabardino-Balkaria. It turned out that more than 70 thousand years ago, Neanderthals transferred this mineral to distances up to 250 kilometers and used it to manufacture tools. These findings help to understand how populations from different regions communicated in antiquity. The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation and is published in the Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.

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Ancient populations from different Caucasus regions had strong social connections

(AKSON Russian Science Communication Association) Research group from Russia and the United States analyzed samples of obsidian volcanic glass in Kabardino-Balkaria. It turned out that more than 70 thousand years ago, Neanderthals transferred this mineral to distances up to 250 kilometers and used it to manufacture tools. These findings help to understand how populations from different regions communicated in antiquity. The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation and is published in the Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports.

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Fourth Volume of Frontiers in Natural Product Chemistry

(Bentham Science Publishers) The new volume continues to bring interesting updates about natural products for researchers interested in natural compounds that can be beneficial to human health.

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Majority of Canadians view physical inactivity as a serious public health issue

(University of British Columbia) Physical inactivity is nearly on par with unhealthy diets and tobacco use as a public health concern among Canadians, a new UBC study has found. Approximately 55 per cent of respondents in a national survey of 2,519 people rated physical inactivity as a serious public health concern, compared with 58 per cent for unhealthy diets and 57 per cent for tobacco use.

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Camden institutions partner to research genetic/biological factors in opioid addiction

(Rowan University) The Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Cooper University Health Care and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University (CMSRU) are launching the Camden Opioid Research Initiative (CORI), a first-of-its-kind undertaking to investigate the genetic and biological factors that contribute to the development of opioid use disorder.

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Stone tools linked to ancient human ancestors in Arabia have surprisingly recent date

(Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History) Beginning more than 1.5 million years ago, early humans made stone handaxes in a style known as the Acheulean - the longest lasting tool-making tradition in prehistory. New research has documented an Acheulean presence in the Arabian Peninsula dating to less than 190,000 years ago, revealing that the Arabian Acheulean ended just before or at the same time as the earliest Homo sapiens dispersals into the region.

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Seven UCI researchers named AAAS fellows

(University of California - Irvine) Seven University of California, Irvine researchers in areas ranging from engineering and chemistry to sociology and anthropology have been named fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the world's largest general scientific society.

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Stone tools linked to ancient human ancestors in Arabia have surprisingly recent date

(Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History) Beginning more than 1.5 million years ago, early humans made stone handaxes in a style known as the Acheulean - the longest lasting tool-making tradition in prehistory. New research has documented an Acheulean presence in the Arabian Peninsula dating to less than 190,000 years ago, revealing that the Arabian Acheulean ended just before or at the same time as the earliest Homo sapiens dispersals into the region.

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Stuck in a loop of wrongness: Brain study shows roots of OCD

(Michigan Medicine - University of Michigan) No one knows what drives people with obsessive-compulsive disorder to do what they do, even when they're aware that they shouldn't do it, and when it interferes with normal life. That lack of understanding means about half can't find effective treatment. But a new analysis of brain scans from hundreds of people with OCD, and people without it, may help. Larger than previous studies, it pinpoints brain areas and processes linked to OCD's repetitive behaviors.

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Champalimaud researcher receives €2 million grant from the European Research Council

(Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown) Marta Moita, Deputy Director of the Champalimaud Research Programme and group leader of the Behavioural Neuroscience lab at the Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, in Lisbon, Portugal, was awarded a €2 million grant from the European Research Council (ERC) to advance her innovative work on the neural basis of defensive behaviors.

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A prosthetic arm that decodes phantom limb movements

(CNRS) About 75 percent of amputees exhibit mobility of their phantom limb. Using this information, in collaboration with physicians, researchers from CNRS and Aix-Marseille University have developed a prototype capable of detecting these movements and activating a prosthetic arm. The prosthesis does not require any surgery and patients do not need training. The results are published on Nov. 29, 2018 in Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology.

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£1.4 million grant to research benefit of yoga for people with multiple chronic health conditions

(Northumbria University ) A major £1.4 million study investigating the benefits that yoga brings to older people with multiple long-term health conditions is about to begin at Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK. Almost 600 adults aged 65+ from 12 areas of the UK will take part in the study, which aims to determine both the clinical effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a specially-adapted yoga program for people with two or more long-term health conditions, known as 'multimorbidity'.

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Getting older adults to be more active

(Norwegian University of Science and Technology) What needs to happen to entice more seniors up and out of their easy chairs? A five-year-long Norwegian study of elders called Generation 100 has found some answers by combing through 70 000 exercise logs.

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UK's reliance on unpaid carers is unsustainable, research warns

(Lancaster University) New Work Foundation research highlights the profound impact caring responsibilities have on a person's employment with those providing 50 hours or more care per week being 36 percent less likely to be employed compared to non-carers. Findings suggest women are disproportionately affected, with 61 percent of female carers being employed in comparison to 68 percent of men. Those aged 45-54 are twice as likely as any other group to have reduced their working hours due to caring responsibilities.

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Kids born in August are diagnosed with ADHD more than kids born in September

August-born kids have higher rates of ADHD diagnosis than kids born in September in U.S. states with a September 1 cutoff for starting kindergarten.

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Baby up at night? Inactivity may be a culprit

(Michigan State University) New Michigan State University research suggests babies who are less active get less sleep, something new parents may want to consider when looking for possible solutions for the long, sleepless nights.

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The researcher who created CRISPR twins defends his work but fails to quell controversy

After getting a glimpse of data behind the birth of the first gene-edited babies, many scientists question the study’s ethics and medical necessity.

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Indian peafowls' crests are tuned to frequencies also used in social displays

(PLOS) Indian peafowl crests resonate efficiently and specifically to the same vibration frequencies used in peacock social displays, according to a paper published November 28, 2018 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Suzanne Amador Kane from Haverford College, USA, and colleagues.

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Resilience may be neurobiological

(Northwestern University) Neighborhood violence has been associated with adverse health effects on youth, including sleep loss, asthma and metabolic syndrome. Yet some youth living in high-crime neighborhoods manage to avoid these effects. A new Northwestern University study aims to answer a resilience puzzle: Why does a second-hand or indirect experience of neighborhood violence affect some youth, but not others?

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Re-programming the body's energy pathway boosts kidney self-repair

(Case Western Reserve University) A team of researchers led by Jonathan Stamler, MD, of Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, has discovered a pathway for enhancing the self-repair efforts of injured kidneys The finding may pave the way for new drugs to stop or even reverse the progression of serious kidney disease in humans -- and other potentially lethal conditions of the heart, liver, and brain as well.

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Views of ideal female appearance in China are changing

(University of Delaware) A University of Delaware researcher found that young women in China, living in a rapidly changing society with more personal independence, disposable income and exposure to Western media than ever before, are also altering their views of female beauty. Her research aims to determine whether these factors are leading to increasing body image concerns such as eating disorders and weight and shape concerns that have been reported in Asia.

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A patch studded with tiny needles may help heart attack survivors recover

A bandage that sticks to the surface of the heart exudes proteins and other molecules that help muscle cells grow.

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A terrible choice: Cancer treatment or hospice care, but not both

(University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus) Colorado studies explore costs, benefits, and experiences of veterans receiving concurrent cancer treatment and hospice care; their findings may provide the basis for wider adoption of this nonstandard practice.

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Marine species quickly revealed by new 'Go Fish' tool, highlights potential of emerging eDNA science

(Terry Collins Assoc) Initiating eDNA as a coordinated US research theme, standardized eDNA sampling and reporting protocols, agreed baseline monitoring sites, and prioritizing ocean habitats for exploration, are among the aims of the First National Conference on Marine Environmental DNA (The Rockefeller University, N.Y., Nov. 29-30).The emerging science of environmental DNA is a far-reaching, potent complement to traditional monitoring systems. Experts recently sampled Holy Land waters, submerged California caves for current and ancient life, Coney Island, Martha's Vineyard, more.

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Max Planck Florida to open high school with Florida Atlantic University

(Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience) A new high school pilot program will give top STEM students the opportunity to study with leading researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Neuroscience.

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A new way to provide cooling without power

(Massachusetts Institute of Technology) A system developed at MIT can provide passive cooling without the need for power, and could be used to preserve food or vaccines in hot, off-grid locations.

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UA to provide certified sexual assault nurse examiners training in rural areas

(University of Arizona Health Sciences) The University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, in collaboration with the UA College of Nursing, received a $1.49 million federal grant to provide training to increase the number of certified sexual assault nurse examiners in four states and the US-affiliated Pacific islands.

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Resource-based communities: Not just all work and no play

(University of Alberta) A new study by University of Alberta scientists explores how leisure and recreation access can improve social connections in resource-based communities like Fort McMurray. The findings build on a 2016 study of fly-in, fly-out workers in the city of Fort McMurray that found that the employment model may be having negative effects due to a lack of options to get workers involved in the community.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2PZHlah

'Stash your trash,' say rat researchers

(Frontiers) Rat complaints are indicators of rat abundance, finds a new study -- as are the availability of uncontained garbage and neighborhoods with a high rate of rental units (vs. owned).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Qmg2Xg

Researchers examine trends in opioid prescriptions in children and adolescents

(Brigham and Women's Hospital) The researchers observed a downward shift in opioid prescriptions in children and adolescents, which aligns with previously reported trends in adult populations. Their results are published in JAMA Pediatrics.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2DPnYcT

More Oregonians sharing end-of-life wishes with POLST

(Oregon Health & Science University) More Oregonians are making their end-of-life wishes known through forms known as Physician Order for Life-Sustaining Treatment, or POLST, according to research in the Journal of Palliative Medicine. Researchers also found how people are using the form is changing.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Rg0EJi

Here’s how much climate change could cost the U.S.

A report by hundreds of scientists from 13 federal agencies starkly outlines the economic impacts of climate change on the United States.

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The secret to better berries? Wild bees

(University of Vermont) New research shows wild bees are essential for producing larger and better blueberry yields - with plumper, faster-ripening berries.The study is the first to show that wild bees improve not only blueberry quantities, but also size and other quality factors. It finds they produce greater berry size (12 percent), quantity (12 percent), size consistency (11 percent), and earlier harvests -- by two and a half days.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Rk1dSd

American adults have very low rate of metabolic health

(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News) A new study found that the prevalence of metabolic health is very low among American adults, even among those who have normal weight.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Q25qgU

Geographer brings fresh perspective to study of US, world corruption in new books

(University of Kansas) Barney Warf of the University of Kansas is behind two new books that bring a geographer's point of view to the topic of corruption.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Rl47pI

Researchers reveal link between job titles and gender equality

(Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics) Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics (MPI) have revealed a link between role-nouns (e.g. job titles) in gendered languages and gender equality. The study, which examined whether the masculine form in the plural in German is understood as gender-neutral or as specific to males, confirms earlier findings in behavioural research: people tend to interpret the grammatically masculine form as male-specific, despite it being used regularly to refer to both males and females.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2E2kkNx

RCSI research reveals that 1 in 4 suicide attempts are associated with perceptual difficulties

(RCSI) Researchers at RCSI (Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland) have revealed that one quarter of suicide attempts are associated with dysfunction in how the brain interprets basic perceptual information, such as what we see, hear and think. The research shows that this dysfunction can predict suicidal behavior, and offers new prospects for treatment and suicide prevention. The research has today been published in JAMA Psychiatry.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Scgx3e

Antibiotic could protect against neurodegenerative diseases during aging

(eLife ) An antibiotic, minocycline, can increase the lifespan of roundworms by preventing the build-up of proteins during aging, a study in the open-access journal eLife reports.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2E3vB02

Sharing benefits of digitized DNA

(American Chemical Society) Today, scientists can sift through quadrillions of genetic sequences in open-access databases, searching (free-of-charge) for new ways to engineer crops, develop medicines or even create synthetic organisms. But a controversial proposal that aims to share the benefits of digitized DNA could affect scientists' ability to use these data, according to an article in Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN), the weekly news magazine of the American Chemical Society.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Scguo4

Computer hackers could be thwarted by new 'deception consistency' method

(Binghamton University) Can you deceive a deceiver? That's the question that computer scientists at Binghamton University, State University of New York have recently been exploring.Assistant Professor of Computer Science Guanhua Yan and PhD student Zhan Shu are looking at how to make cyber deception a more effective tool against malicious hackers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2TRW1Xr

Despite common obesity gene variants obese children lose weight after lifestyle changes

(University of Copenhagen The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences) Children who are genetically predisposed to overweight, due to common gene variants, can still lose weight by changing their diet and exercise habits. Around 750 children and adolescents with overweight or obesity undergoing lifestyle intervention participated in the study conducted by researchers from the University of Copenhagen and Holbæk Hospital.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2TW8jhk

Mental health care increasing most among those with less distress

(Columbia University Irving Medical Center) A new study shows that more Americans are getting outpatient mental health care and the rate of serious psychological distress is decreasing. However, a careful analysis of the data shows that the growth in outpatient mental health care is being driven by people with little or no psychological distress, and many with serious distress don't get the care they need.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Q3WDuL

cultural heritage at risk: From Venice the technologies of the future

(Università Ca' Foscari Venezia) The technologies developed will protect and ensure the digital and physical conservation of the cultural heritage of our country and of the world, thanks to artificial intelligence, machine learning and advanced material science.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2TTKXcs

The 'Chinese Pyramids' and the pole star

(Politecnico di milano) The mausoleums of the Han Emperors are visible still today within the rapidly developing landscape of the northwestern surroundings of Xian along the Wei River. These "Pyramids" are shown to be oriented according to astronomical criteria.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2KG3HYt

Vaccination may reduce the severity of the flu in vaccinated but still infected patients

(University of Barcelona) When influenza vaccination is ineffective in preventing the flu, it could have an additional effect reducing the severity of the infection, according to an epidemiological study which has the participation of members of the research group Epidemiology, Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases led by Professor Angela Domi­nguez, from the Department of Medicine of the UB- and the Epidemiology and Public Health Networking Research Center (CIBERESP), from the Health Institute Carlos III.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2TTQxve

Post-urban development

(National Research University Higher School of Economics) A contemporary city expands; it is stitched together with communications, but lacks integrity. Districts, urban communities and practices are so heterogeneous, that they often don't interact with each other. A united space is split into fragments. Communication is replaced with alienation. Dmitry Zamyatin, geographer and researcher of culture, chief research fellow at the Graduate School of Urbanism of the Higher School of Economics, called this phenomenon a 'post-city.'

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2AyiaRG

Researchers have found the first risk genes for ADHD

(Aarhus University) A major international collaboration headed by researchers from the Danish iPSYCH project, the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Massachusetts General Hospital, SUNY Upstate Medical University, and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium has for the first time identified genetic variants which increase the risk of ADHD. The new findings provide a completely new insight into the biology behind ADHD.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2BCIBrm

Great apes and ravens plan without thinking

(Stockholm University) Planning and self control in animals do not require human-like mental capacities, according to a study from Stockholm University. Newly developed learning models, similar to models within artificial intelligence research, show how planning in ravens and great apes can develop through prior experiences without any need of thinking.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KGIdLg

New HIV diagnoses at high levels in the European Region but progress in EU

(European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) ) With nearly 160,000 new HIV diagnoses, 2017 marked another year of alarming numbers of HIV diagnoses in the WHO European Region. Encouragingly, the overall increasing trend is not as steep as before. The eastern part of the Region recorded over 130,000 new HIV diagnoses, the highest number ever. In contrast, the EU/EEA countries reported a decline in rates, mainly driven by a 20 percent decrease since 2015 among men who have sex with men.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2DQ2z37

Study: Public transportation use linked to better public health

(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) Promoting robust public transportation systems may come with a bonus for public health -- lower obesity rates. A new study from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign compares data from two years to find that a single percentage-point increase in mass transit ridership is associated with a 0.473 percentage-point lower obesity rate in counties across the United States.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Qu6c5w

Beavers are engineering a new Alaskan tundra

Climate change has enabled the recent expansion of beavers into northwestern Alaska, a trend that could have major ecological consequences for the region in the coming decades.

from Latest Headlines | Science News https://ift.tt/2SkSaRj

Study reveals why older women are less healthy than older men

(University of Exeter) Genes that act late in life could explain why women have poorer health than men in older age, according to new research.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Q1cbiO

AI could help cities detect expensive water leaks

(University of Waterloo) Costly water losses in municipal water systems could be significantly reduced using sensors and new artificial intelligence (AI) technology.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2RiShMV

Artificial joint restores wrist-like movements to forearm amputees

(Chalmers University of Technology) A new artificial joint restores important wrist-like movements to forearm amputees, something which could dramatically improve their quality of life. A group of researchers led by Max Ortiz Catalan, Associate Professor at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, have published their research in the journal IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems & Rehabilitation Engineering.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2RlfH4u

New service transforms childhood cancer treatment

(Newcastle University) Children with cancer are to benefit nationally from a service which for the first time will allow doctors to personalize their treatment.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2raD5WO

Chinese scientists raise ethical questions with first gene-edited babies

Scientists say gene editing of human embryos isn’t yet safe, and creating babies was unethical.

from Latest Headlines | Science News https://ift.tt/2DZ3cZ7

An understudied form of child abuse and intimate terrorism: Parental Alienation

(Colorado State University) According to Colorado State University social psychologist Jennifer Harman, about 22 million American parents have been the victims of behaviors that lead to something called parental alienation. Having researched the phenomenon for several years, Harman is urging psychological, legal and child custodial disciplines to recognize parental alienation as a form of both child abuse and intimate partner violence. Harman has authored a review article in Psychological Bulletin defining the behaviors associated with parental alienation and advocating for more research into its prevalence and outcomes.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2PVOMPO

Keep it complex: Study shows that previous research oversimplified Schizophrenia symptoms

(University of Nevada, Las Vegas) Negative symptoms in schizophrenia can be so disabling that they interfere with a person's ability to attend school, begin a fulfilling career, and even live independently. In a recent study published by JAMA Psychiatry, UNLV psychology professor Daniel Allen and colleagues suggest a new way to classify the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, which may influence research and treatment in years to come.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2P2BewM

New methods help identify what drives sensitive or socially unacceptable behaviors

(Colorado State University) Conservation scientists and statisticians at Colorado State University have teamed up to solve a key problem for the study of sensitive behaviors like poaching, harassment, bribery, and drug use.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2zwLHeV

EurekAlert! Fellowships a 'stepping stone' for early-career science reporters in developing regions, fill growing need

(American Association for the Advancement of Science) Five early-career science journalists have won the 2019 EurekAlert! Fellowships for International Science Reporters, as the program celebrates its 15th anniversary and the contributions of its alumni to science journalism.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2QpMnwe

Eight USF faculty members named new AAAS Fellows

(University of South Florida (USF Innovation)) Eight University of South Florida professors whose research has set a global standard in a range of disciplines from environmental sciences to health and aging studies, and from chemistry to criminology, have been named Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the world's largest multidisciplinary scientific society.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2DLbymm

Noncompliance thwarts comprehensive background check policy for private-party sales

(University of California - Davis Health) Of the three states that recently expanded comprehensive background check policies to include all gun transfers, including those among private parties, only Delaware showed an overall increase in firearm background checks.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2QuoFiJ

Wriggly, squiffy, lummox, and boobs: What makes some words funny?

(University of Alberta) Upchuck, bubby, boff, wriggly, yaps, giggle, cooch, guffaw, puffball, and jiggly: the top 10 funniest words in the English language, according to a new study by University of Alberta psychology experts. The researchers determined that there are two main kinds of predictors of funniness in words: those related to the form of the word and those related to its meaning.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2BBhvAJ

Mosquitoes may surf winds above Africa more than we realized

More than 40 meters up, balloon traps in Mali caught females of malaria-spreading mosquito species.

from Latest Headlines | Science News https://ift.tt/2r8clq3

Mapping of cells in the early human placenta may shed light on problem pregnancies

(Rockefeller University) Scientists have made the first comprehensive inventory of cells present in the human placenta of the first trimester, a stage when many pregnancy complications are thought to arise. The findings could give new fuel for research on conditions such as preeclampsia and pre-term birth.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2FHgQlm

Researchers discover clues to brain changes in depression

(University of Maryland School of Medicine) In new pre-clinical research, scientists at the University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM), led by Scott Thompson, PhD, Professor of Physiology, have identified changes in brain activity linked to the pleasure and reward system.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r7p1x6

Researchers restore breathing, partial forelimb function in rats with spinal cord injuries

(Case Western Reserve University) a breakthrough study has demonstrated, in animal models of chronic injury, that long-term, devastating effects of spinal cord trauma on breathing and limb function may be reversible.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2FF8Uky

The tactics behind 'taking to the streets'

(American Friends of Tel Aviv University) 'The Design of Protest' by Tel Aviv University's professor Tali Hatuka explores the importance of public space in the design of social protests.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2FLpcIK

Global organizations support emerging leaders changing brain health and dementia landscape

(Alzheimer's Association) Three leading organizations in Alzheimer's disease have joined forces to address this growing public health crisis. The Alzheimer's Association, the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), and the UK-based Alzheimer's Society have united to support emerging scientists in brain health and dementia through a competitive funding program - The Pilot Awards for Global Brain Health Leaders.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2ra5jkx

Early-life stress hinders development of neurons in mice, causing attention disorders

(Brown University) Researchers at Brown University found that stress early in the life of female mice leads to fewer 'tuning' neurons in the part of the brain responsible for making sense of emotions and following rules.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r7tvUx

Allen Taylor of Tufts named AAAS Fellow for research on nutrition, aging, and eye disease

(Tufts University, Health Sciences Campus) Allen Taylor, a senior scientist and director of the Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2FL8yZF

Veterans study points to suicide risk from multiple brain injuries

(Veterans Affairs Research Communications) A Veterans Affairs study finds that post-9-11 veterans with a history of repeated traumatic brain injuries -- versus none -- are at much greater risk for considering suicide.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2FJNK4W

Lack of sleep intensifies anger, impairs adaptation to frustrating circumstances

(Iowa State University) Losing just a couple hours of sleep at night makes you angrier, especially in frustrating situations, according to new Iowa State University research. While the results may seem intuitive, the study is one of the first to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger. The research also provides new insight on our ability to adjust to irritating conditions when tired.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2DYomqv

State pension age increase causing huge uncertainty for older workers, especially females

(University of Kent) The alignment of state pension ages for women and men -- while in some senses a milestone for gender equality -- has created very real difficulties for those whose who will now not receive their State Pension when they had originally expected to.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2PWz9Ib

Pre-pregnancy health coverage climbs after Medicaid expansion

(Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health) The number of low-income women enrolled in Medicaid before becoming pregnant rose substantially in states that expanded Medicaid eligibility through the Affordable Care Act. Higher rates of health insurance before pregnancy may improve access to preconception care, which can help women to appropriately plan their pregnancy and optimize their health before conceiving.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2PZJenm

Prehistoric cave art reveals ancient use of complex astronomy

(University of Edinburgh) As far back as 40,000 years ago, humans kept track of time using relatively sophisticated knowledge of the stars

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2PZ0Obl

Stigma impairs cognition in men living with HIV

(McGill University) A new study has drawn a direct link between the amount of stigma men with HIV report experiencing and their scores on cognitive tests, measuring abilities such as memory and attention.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2RhBv0R

Laugh out loud

(Springer) Jokes at work can ease tension, build camaraderie and make a day more bearable, but they can also offend, exclude and harm people. In this book, Auckland academics Barbara Plester and Kerr Inkson draw on the latest research to offer advice and practical tips for managing humor at work.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2FKDHwx

Lithuanian scientists have invented a method of producing increased strength plaster entirely from waste

(Kaunas University of Technology) Group of scientists at Kaunas University of Technology (KTU) Lithuania have discovered a method of producing increased strength gypsum binding material using only industrial waste products. By combining phosphogypsum -- fertilizing production waste, zeolite -- a waste product from oil refining industry, and an activator, they have casted gypsum stone, which is twice stronger than usual.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Sj1vsR

USPSTF recommendation statement on interventions to prevent child maltreatment

(JAMA Network) The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) finds limited or inconsistent evidence on the benefits of primary care interventions to prevent child maltreatment (defined as abuse, neglect or both). Children with signs or symptoms suggesting maltreatment should be assessed or reported according to applicable state laws.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r6e130

Challenges for sex workers in holding the line in condom use in Western Australia

(Frontiers) A study of sex workers finds unexpectedly low rates of reported condom use for all forms of penetrative sex -- and particularly oral sex. The authors highlight the need for decriminalization of the sex industry, increased sexual health education in the wider community and increased peer support opportunities among sex workers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2FKDsBD

Prehistoric cave art reveals ancient use of complex astronomy

(University of Edinburgh) As far back as 40,000 years ago, humans kept track of time using relatively sophisticated knowledge of the stars

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2PZ0Obl

Detective mission to characterize and trace the history of a new African meteorite

(University of the Witwatersrand) Researchers from Wits and colleagues from the University of Antananarivo in Madagascar are on a 'detective mission' to describe, classify and trace the history of a meteorite that landed in and around the small town of Benenitra in southwestern Madagascar shortly before the lunar eclipse on July 27, 2018.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2RoSi1K

Detective mission to characterise and trace the history of a new African meteorite

(University of the Witwatersrand) Researchers from Wits and colleagues from the University of Antananarivo in Madagascar are on a 'detective mission' to describe, classify and trace the history of a meteorite that landed in and around the small town of Benenitra in southwestern Madagascar shortly before the lunar eclipse on July 27, 2018.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2RoSi1K

Music supports the auditory skills of hearing-impaired children

(University of Helsinki) Researchers at University of Helsinki, Finland, and University College London have found evidence that children with hearing impairment and cochlear implants can benefit from hobbies involving music and especially singing.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Aqvc3H

AI system may accelerate search for cancer discoveries

(University of Cambridge) Searching through the mountains of published cancer research could be made easier for scientists, thanks to a new AI system.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2AxmTmC

Discovery of the first common genetic risk factors for ADHD

(Cardiff University) A global team of researchers has found the first common genetic risk factors associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a complex condition affecting around one in 20 children.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2As4F62

Patients with rare natural ability to suppress HIV shed light on potential functional cure

(Johns Hopkins Medicine) Researchers at Johns Hopkins have identified two patients with HIV whose immune cells behave differently than others with the virus and actually appear to help control viral load even years after infection.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Q1NJ17

Hidden history of Rome revealed under world's first cathedral

(Newcastle University) An international team of archaeologists has revealed new insights into the history of Rome following years of work under the Archbasilica of St John Lateran in Rome.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2FKxmBa

Parents: To prepare kids financially, give them practice with money

(University of Arizona) Providing children with hands-on experience with money is essential to preparing them for financial success, a new study suggests.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2zrXeME

Alcohol use may increase among Hispanic Americans as they become more 'Americanized'

(Southern Methodist University) Data from over 68,000 Hispanic Americans, including first-generation immigrants and native-born individuals, indicate that people in this group who are more 'Americanized' are more likely to be drinkers, consume alcohol at greater intensity, experience more negative consequences associated with alcohol use and affect women more than men.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2P5uj5U

VitalTag to give vital information in mass casualty incidents

(DOE/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) A stick-on sensor that measures and tracks a patient's vital signs to help first responders quickly triage, treat and transport the injured.The patent-pending VitalTag is a low-cost suite of sensors that detects, monitors and wirelessly transmits vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and other metrics such as blood oxygen levels, shock index and data from a single-lead electrocardiogram.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r9gJ88

A new algorithm could help protect planes from damaging volcanic ash

A computer program that tracks the temperature and height of clouds in the atmosphere could keep planes away from volcanic ash.

from Latest Headlines | Science News https://ift.tt/2ABtEEj

First ancient DNA from mainland Finland reveals origins of Siberian ancestry in region

(Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History) Researchers from the Max-Planck-Institute for the Science of Human History and the University of Helsinki have analyzed the first ancient DNA from mainland Finland. As described in Nature Communications, ancient DNA was extracted from bones and teeth from a 3,500 year-old burial on the Kola Peninsula, Russia, and a 1,500 year-old water burial in Finland. The results reveal the possible path along which ancient people from Siberia spread to Finland and Northwestern Russia.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2KBfZld

Cactus spine shapes determine how they stab victims

The shapes of cactus spines influence how they poke passersby.

from Latest Headlines | Science News https://ift.tt/2FGCdTS

First ancient DNA from mainland Finland reveals origins of Siberian ancestry in region

(Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History) Researchers from the Max-Planck-Institute for the Science of Human History and the University of Helsinki have analyzed the first ancient DNA from mainland Finland. As described in Nature Communications, ancient DNA was extracted from bones and teeth from a 3,500 year-old burial on the Kola Peninsula, Russia, and a 1,500 year-old water burial in Finland. The results reveal the possible path along which ancient people from Siberia spread to Finland and Northwestern Russia.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KBfZld

Hacking the aging code: Big data for saving human lives

(Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology) The paper explains how the concept of criticality borrowed from physics of dynamic systems and widely used to model complex phenomena such as financial markets behavior or weather conditions could be applied to aging studies and result in generating predicting models of biological age, aging rate and even potential targets for future anti-aging therapies.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Sgaj2D

Touch can produce detailed, lasting memories

(Association for Psychological Science) Exploring objects through touch can generate detailed, durable memories for those objects, even when we don't intend to memorize the object's details, according to findings published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2zttyyK

Is your office messy? If so, you may be seen as uncaring, neurotic

(University of Michigan) An extremely messy personal space seems to lead people to believe the owner of that space is more neurotic and less agreeable, say University of Michigan researchers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2P5UfOH

Scripps Research scientists decode mechanism of remembering -- and forgetting

(Scripps Research Institute) A team at Scripps Research has shown for the first time the physiological mechanism by which a memory is formed and then subsequently forgotten. The research, which was done in fruit flies, looked at the synaptic changes that occur during learning and forgetting. The investigators found that a single dopamine neuron can drive both the learning and forgetting process.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2P4T7Ls

Reliance on 'YouTube medicine' may be dangerous for those concerned about prostate cancer

(NYU Langone Health / NYU School of Medicine) The most popular YouTube videos on prostate cancer often offer misleading or biased medical information that poses potential health risks to patients, an analysis of the social media platform shows.Led by researchers at NYU School of Medicine and its Perlmutter Cancer Center, the study of the 150 most-viewed YouTube videos on the disease found that 77 percent had factual errors or biased content in either the video or its comments section.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2ztty1I

The warm and loving tegu lizard becomes a genetic resource

(GigaScience) Researchers have sequenced the genome of the tegu, Salvator merianae: a lizard that has taken an evolutionary step toward warm-bloodedness. It is also a highly desired pet, that can often be house-trained; unfortunately, as part of the exotic pet trade, it has been released in new environments and become a threat to local species. This extremely high-quality tegu genome sequence will be of use to researchers in the fields of evolution, physiology and ecology.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2P5U2Lp

Remains of Anglo-Saxon cemetery discovered

(University of Sheffield) Archaeologists from the University of Sheffield have uncovered a previously unknown Anglo-Saxon cemetery.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2P1qgrm

Beware of evening stress

(Hokkaido University) Stressful events in the evening release less of the body's stress hormones than those that happen in the morning, suggesting possible vulnerability to stress in the evening.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2THKw4K

Complex systems help explain how democracy is destabilised

(IOP Publishing) Complex systems theory is usually used to study things like the immune system, global climate, ecosystems, transportation or communications systems.But with global politics becoming more unpredictable - highlighted by the UK's vote for Brexit and the presidential elections of Donald Trump in the USA and Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil - it is being used to examine the stability of democracies.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Av2LBA

NASA’s InSight lander has touched down safely on Mars

NASA’s InSight lander just touched down on Mars for a years-long study of the Red Planet’s insides.

from Latest Headlines | Science News https://ift.tt/2KBglYW

Stress-induced effects on heart blood flow differ for men versus women

(Wolters Kluwer Health) Some patients with coronary artery disease have inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle during periods of mental/emotional stress. This condition -- called 'mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia' (MSIMI) -- is related to the severity of plaque buildup in the coronary arteries in men but not women, reports a study in Psychosomatic Medicine: Journal of Biobehavioral Medicine, the official journal of the American Psychosomatic Society. The journal is published in the Lippincott Portfolio by Wolters Kluwer.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2AlyxRq

The complexity of the commons: Scientists recast social dilemmas

(Santa Fe Institute) A new classification system adds real-world complexity to social dilemmas like the paradigmatic 'tragedy of the commons.'

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2TMo1M7

Policy, legal approaches key to health equity in precision medicine

(University of Minnesota) Genomics has a diversity problem. Despite the dazzling promise of genetically-tailored treatments and therapies, fundamental questions remain about whether precision medicine will advance health equity or make disparities worse. On Nov. 29, 2018, a national conference and webcast at Meharry Medical College in Nashville will be the first to focus on the role law and policy must play to ensure precision medicine increases health equity and access.

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Researchers find more recently diagnosed cancer survivors likely to drink, smoke

(Virginia Tech) Recently diagnosed cancer survivors are more likely to drink alcohol, use tobacco, and frequent tanning beds than people in later stages of recovery, according to a research team from the Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center.

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Do you have a healthy personality? Researchers think they can tell you

(University of California - Davis) Researchers from the University of California, Davis, have identified a healthy personality prototype in a recent study using a contemporary trait perspective.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2PXMIGY

How ancient Mayan shell decor led to a new look at freshwater mussels south of the border

(Florida Museum of Natural History) An unlikely collaboration between archaeologists desperate to put names to shells at Mayan dig sites and an ichthyologist led to the first molecular study of Mexican and Central American freshwater mussels.

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Better statistics for better health for pregnant women and babies in Europe in 2015

(INSERM (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale)) The Euro-Peristat network is pleased to announce the publication of a new European Perinatal Health Report, 'Core indicators of the health and care of pregnant women and babies in Europe in 2015'.This new report is based on data covering over five million births in the year 2015 compiled from public national satistical systems in the EU member states and Iceland, Norway and Switzerland.

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Good help in primary care for children with obesity

(University of Gothenburg) Children treated for obesity in primary or outpatient care have a relatively good chance of fending off weight problems over the next few years as well, a study published in Acta Paediatrica shows.

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Lung disease in middle age may be a risk factor for dementia later in life

(American Thoracic Society) Middle-aged adults with lung disease may be at greater risk of developing dementia or cognitive impairment later in life, according to new research published online in the American Thoracic Society's American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.

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Drug use, religion explain 'reverse gender gap' on marijuana

(North Carolina State University) Women tend to be more conservative than men on political questions related to marijuana. A recent study finds that this gender gap appears to be driven by religion and the fact that men are more likely to have used marijuana.

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Texas Biomed scientists targeting factors involved in Hispanic childhood obesity

(Texas Biomedical Research Institute) Are there changes that affect genes and fuel a person's propensity to develop obesity? That's a question under study at Texas Biomedical Research Institute. Associate Scientist Melanie Carless, Ph.D., is Principal Investigator of a $3 million, four-year grant from the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases to research this hypothesis.

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Project ECHO launched in D.C. and Maryland to combat diabetes

(George Washington University) The GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences and La Clinica del Pueblo have partnered to launch Project ECHO in Washington, D.C., to increase workforce capacity to provide best practice specialty care and reduce health disparities.

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Natural habitats larger than Greece created to offset economic developments

(University of Kent) Dr. Joseph W. Bull, a conservation scientist at University of Kent worked with Dr. Niels Strange from the University of Copenhagen to collate data on over ten thousand examples of nature sites created specifically to compensate for industrial impacts. Natural habitats occupying an area larger than Greece have been created to offset economic developments. This data could eventually provide a basis to help improve our understanding of the benefits of protecting and preserving wildlife.

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Does teen cannabis use lead to behavior problems -- or vice versa?

(Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania) New research led by the Annenberg Public Policy Center finds that cannabis use among teens doesn't appear to lead to greater conduct problems or greater affiliation with other teens who smoke cannabis. Instead, it's adolescents with conduct problems or whose friends use cannabis who are more likely to gravitate toward cannabis use.

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The five types of problem drinking are more common at different ages

(Penn State) Alcohol abuse is more complicated than simply drinking too much. There may be five separate types of problem drinkers, according to Penn State researchers, and each one may be more common at different stages of life.

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Certain dietary or nutritional supplements could improve sperm quality

(Universitat Rovira i Virgili) Infertility affects 15 percent of the world population and is recognized by the WHO as a global health problem. Researchers have carried out the most extensive and systematic review to date of randomized clinical studies into the effects of different nutrients and dietary supplements on sperm quality and male fertility. The study suggests that dietary supplements can have a beneficial effect on sperm quality.

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Neurobiologists from Sechenov University specified functions of a gene autism-associated

(Sechenov University) Neurobiologists confirmed that stress in early age affects the mice with activated and deactivated CDH13 gene in different ways. Different variants of this gene are associated with the development of ASDs, ADHD, and depression. The discovery would help specify the role of genetics in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. The results of the study were published in the Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry journal.

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FEFU archaeologists have found the oldest burials in Ecuador

(Far Eastern Federal University) Archaeologists of the Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU) found three burials of the ancient inhabitants of South America aged from 6 to 10 thousand years. The excavations were carried out in Atahualpa anton, Ecuador. The findings belong to the Las Vegas archeological culture of the Stone Age.

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Meet Lindsey: She'll be your guide today

(University of Lincoln) An autonomous robot tour guide has been launched at a museum in Lincoln. The robot will guide visitors around the space, take them to specific exhibits and give them information while learning new behaviours through it's interactions with the public.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2QhQ0o2

LGB students at higher risk of self-harm

(Lancaster University) University students who are Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual (LGB) are at higher risk of self-harm and attempting suicide than their heterosexual counterparts say researchers.The study also shows that low self-esteem may explain the increased risk of self-harm in LGB students. Low self-esteem may result in LGB students who have faced discrimination or have struggled to accept or share their sexuality with others

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2DKZ2Dl

FEFU archaeologists have found the oldest burials in Ecuador

(Far Eastern Federal University) Archaeologists of the Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU) found three burials of the ancient inhabitants of South America aged from 6 to 10 thousand years. The excavations were carried out in Atahualpa anton, Ecuador. The findings belong to the Las Vegas archeological culture of the Stone Age.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2QiOoKQ

Postal code area data can help in the planning of cost-effective health care services

(University of Eastern Finland) When assessing the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) on health inequalities or outcomes of care, it is worthwhile to use small-area-based open data instead of individual SES information, a new study from the University of Eastern Finland shows. Getting access to individual SES information is often a long and expensive process, requiring many different permits.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2DKYZaD

Using microcredit to increase rice yield in Bangladesh

(Kyoto University) In a collaborative study, Kyoto University researchers conducted a study examining the impact of agricultural microcredits on the livelihood of tenant farmers in Bangladesh, and find that small loans lead to numerous benefits

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2r4ELkz

A new study shows what makes humans look older or younger using artificial intelligence

(InSilico Medicine, Inc.) There are many factors that influence the aging process. Unlocking these factors can lead to valuable insights into what impacts the condition and health of the human body and reveal how to minimize these impacts. Researchers from Haut.AI and Insilico Medicine have developed a simple and accurate predictor of chronological age called the PhotoAgeClock. The new research shows that the corners of the eye are the most important area for age prediction.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2DXDnbR

Childhood physical inactivity reaches crisis levels around the globe

(Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute) Children around the world are not moving enough to maintain healthy growth and development, according to a new global report. The report by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance (AHKGA) compared 49 countries from six continents to assess global trends in childhood physical activity in developed and developing nations, resulting in the 'Global Matrix 3.0' comparison of grades.

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Parents learn, babies talk: How coaching moms and dads improves infants' language skills

(University of Washington) A new study from the University of Washington's Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences (I-LABS) shows that parents who learn how and why to speak 'parentese' can have a direct impact on their children's vocabulary.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2DYa3lB

Alcohol dependence, psychiatric disorders share genetic links

(Washington University School of Medicine) An international team of researchers has identified a gene that regulates how quickly the body metabolizes alcohol as a key risk factor for alcohol dependence. The researchers, from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and several other institutions, also linked genetic factors associated with alcohol dependence to other psychiatric disorders.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Sb1V4j

Emotional suppression has negative outcomes on children

(Washington State University) 'Not in front of the kids.' It's an age-old plea for parents to avoid showing conflict and strong negative emotions around their children. But new research from a Washington State University scientist disagrees, showing that it's better to express negative emotions in a healthy way than to tamp them down.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Sb1TJJ

Hacking the aging code: Big data to the rescue

(Gero) Big data from human medical studies combined with analytical approaches from physics of complex dynamic systems offer a whole new way to understand and defeat aging.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2DMVznY

Health surrogates for older adults often don't know their care preferences

(Yale University) When it comes to making health decisions for an older adult, what health surrogates don't know can be harmful, according to new research. While 75 percent of surrogates feel extremely confident in their knowledge of a loved one's preferences, only 21 percent of them actually know what the older patient would want in the event of a serious illness, the researchers said.

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Family matters for future wealth

(University of Technology Sydney) New research, for the first time using actual income numbers from two generations of Australians, reveals they do not easily move from low-income to high-income bands, however mobility is greater than the US. The analysis also suggests that family structure -- who you're married to, when you have children and how many you have -- matters when it comes to income mobility.

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Canada in the global water world: A UN analysis of capabilities

(Terry Collins Assoc) A new report by UN University's Canadian-based Institute on Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH) experts offers a critical examination of the capacity of Canada's water sector to meet and help others meet water-related Sustainable Development Goals. Examined are Canadian water education and research, investments, and experiences in water technology and governance. Several avenues to elevate Canada's role on the global water stage are recommended.

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Blood pressure: Early treatment advised by US guidelines has no survival benefits

(Technical University of Munich (TUM)) When is high blood pressure dangerous? Medical associations offer widely differing answers. In the USA, for example, patients are seen as hypertensive much sooner than in Germany. A team working with Prof. Karl-Heinz Ladwig of the Technical University of Munich and the Helmholtz Zentrum München has concluded that treating patients sooner does not reduce the risk of deadly heart disease. It could even negatively affect their mental health.

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Slave trade continued in Russia even after the Middle Ages

(University of Eastern Finland) Slave trade collapsed in medieval Western Europe following the emergence of sovereign monarchies, territorial states and their rule of law. In Russia, however, the rule of clans and a different justice system created an economic structure that favoured a diverse body of well-networked merchants. A new book, entitled Slaves from the North, is the first study in the world seeking to explain the development of the Russian economy by influences from economies of the Middle East and Central Asia.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2BxKYLP

British Ecological Society annual meeting

(British Ecological Society) 1,200 ecologists from more than 40 countries will gather in Birmingham, UK, next month for the British Ecological Society's annual meeting. With more than 500 talks and 220 posters presented over four days, delegates will showcase and discuss the latest advances in ecological research across the whole discipline.

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It's time for a hyper-crash, say multifractal analyses of the main stock market index

(The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences) The near future of the global economy looks extremely bleak. This pessimistic forecast comes from advanced statistical analysis of the S&P 500 stock market index, recently published by scientists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow. Based on their analysis, the researchers explain why, in up to a dozen or so years, we can expect a financial meltdown such as never before -- and explain why you have the chance to save the world by reading this text.

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Vice President of India awards honors to winners of the 2018 NASI-Scopus Awards

(Elsevier) Elsevier, the information analytics business specializing in science and health, today announced that the Honorable Vice President of India, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu, presided over the 12th NASI-Scopus Young Scientist Awards 2018 at a gala ceremony held at Vigyan Bhawan in the nation's capital.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KyEe3j

Sperm count 50 percent lower in sons of fathers who smoke

(Lund University) Studies have repeatedly linked maternal smoking during pregnancy with reduced sperm counts in male offspring. Now a research team at Lund University in Sweden has discovered that, independently of nicotine exposure from the mother, men whose fathers smoked at the time of pregnancy had half as many sperm as those with non-smoking fathers.

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British Journal of Surgery article calls for men to take action on gender bias

(St. Michael's Hospital) The relatively few women who have earned leadership positions in the surgical world should not be expected to carry the burden of fighting gender bias and men must actively join the effort with intentional, innovative action, argues an article in the British Journal of Surgery, co-written by the head of general surgery at Toronto's St. Michael's Hospital.

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Making UK schools more inclusive places could help reduce bullying and promote well-being

(London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine) Restorative practice - bringing together pupils involved in bullying, conflict or misbehaviour to appreciate the harms caused and improve relationships - could help tackle bullying, improve mental health and lower rates of regular smoking and drinking alcohol in secondary school, according to new research published in The Lancet.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Ky9nnq

A hydrogel that adheres firmly to cartilage and meniscus

(Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) EPFL researchers have developed a hydrogel -- made up of nearly 90 percent water -- that naturally adheres to soft tissue like cartilage and the meniscus. If the hydrogel carries repair cells, it could help damaged tissue to heal.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Rfqe0O

Occupational health study links air pollution and cancer

(University of Stirling) University of Stirling experts have discovered new evidence of the link between air pollution and cancer as part of a new occupational health study.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KyGBDk

How locust ecology inspired an opera

When an entomologist decides to write a libretto, you get an operatic elegy to locusts.

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Cancer treatments may affect cognitive function by accelerating biological aging

(Wiley) Cancer treatments are suspected to accelerate certain aging processes in the body. A new study has found that indicators of such biological aging correlate with declines in cognitive function in women who had undergone breast cancer treatment several years earlier. Published early online in CANCER, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society, the findings point to an aging-like effect of cancer treatments and further connect this to cognitive decline.

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Few laws to address growing issue of elderly gun owners with dementia

(American Osteopathic Association) Researchers report that 27 percent of people 65 and older own one or more firearms, and 37 percent live in a home with a firearm present. One study of patients with dementia or related mental health issues revealed 18 percent lived in a home with one or more firearms. Of that group, 37 percent had delusions and 17 percent had documented hallucinations.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Ra19UV

Emotional suppression has negative outcomes on children

(Washington State University) 'Not in front of the kids' is an age-old plea for parents to avoid showing conflict and strong negative emotions around their children. But new research from a Washington State University scientist disagrees, showing that it's better to express negative emotions in a healthy way than to tamp them down.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2PSnHgB

Sexist men underestimate their power in romantic relationships

(American Psychological Association) Heterosexual men with sexist attitudes may underestimate how much power they actually have in their romantic relationships, which could lead to increased aggression toward their female partners or wives, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Rb96cA

Can Superman trigger heroic helping in people?

(Frontiers) Heroes demonstrate extraordinary courage, go to great lengths to help others, and live meaningful lives. They are inspirational moral examples for many people -- and a new set of studies suggests their heroic actions can increase prosocial intentions and behaviors in real life.

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Meet the winners of the Capturing Cancer Photography Competition

(Future Science Group) Future Science Group (FSG) today announced the winners of the Capturing Cancer: Oncology Central Photography Competition. Balkees Abderrahman (University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA) and Federico Gulluni (University of Torin, Italy) were chosen by the public vote and an expert judging panel, respectively.

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New neurology studies a 'wakeup call' for global health

(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation) Neurology experts from around the world will convene Nov. 27 in New Zealand for a Global Brain Summit examining what one calls 'the greatest challenge of societies in the 21st century.' Among the neurological disorders to be discussed at the Summit are stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and migraine and other headaches. The topics are covered in a new series of 11 papers on neurological disorders in The Lancet Neurology.

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Cardiac surgery and addictions counselling linked to significantly reduced mortality in injection drug users with heart valve infection, study finds

(Lawson Health Research Institute) In a new study, researchers at Lawson Health Research Institute and Western University showed that both surgery and in-hospital addictions counselling are linked to significantly reduced mortality in injection drug users with first-episode endocarditis. Surgery was associated with a 56 per cent reduction in mortality, while in-hospital addictions counselling was associated with a 72 per cent reduction.

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Clinical study shows Cereset technology reduces symptoms of PTSD in military personnel

(Brain State Technologies, LLC) A new clinical study conducted by Wake Forest School of Medicine shows that use of a new non-invasive technology from the creators of Cereset not only reduces symptoms of military-related traumatic stress but also improves brain function.

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PSU math professor's $500K grant to help in fight against Alzheimer's

(Portland State University) A Portland State University math and statistics professor has been awarded nearly $500,000 to continue his work as part of the largest family history study of Alzheimer's disease in the world

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Researcher's work to improve bike-shares recognized with INFORMS Daniel H. Wagner Prize

(Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences) INFORMS, the leading association for operations research (O.R.) and analytics professionals, has awarded the 2018 INFORMS Daniel H. Wagner Prize for Excellence in Practice of Advanced Analytics and Operations Research to researchers from Cornell University and Uber for their work to increase the efficiency of bike-sharing programs. The award was presented at the 2018 INFORMS Annual Meeting held in Phoenix, Ariz., on Nov. 4-7.

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Seven ORNL researchers named 2019 INCITE award winners

(DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory) Seven researchers from the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have been chosen by the Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment, also known as INCITE, program to lead scientific investigations that require the nation's most powerful computers. The ORNL-based projects span a broad range of the scientific spectrum and represent the potential of high-performance computing in ensuring America's scientific competitiveness and energy security.

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Survey of school nurses reveals lack of bathroom policies and bladder health education

(Society for Women's Health Research) In an online survey developed by the Society for Women's Health Research, a majority of school nurses reported that the pre-K-12 schools they work for do not have written policies on student bathroom use and do not have education for students and teachers on bladder health.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KEL3R7

Do you know how your drinking water is treated?

Editor in Chief Nancy Shute discusses drinking water quality in the United States and the latest research on water treatment technology.

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Readers react to the SN 10 and Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Readers expressed their thoughts about the SN 10 scientists, Saturn's hexagons and Jocelyn Bell Burnell.

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Physicists finally calculated where the proton’s mass comes from

New study indicates that the proton is much more than just the sum of its parts.

from Latest Headlines | Science News https://ift.tt/2zpiliI

Trazadone associated with similar risk of falls and major fractures as antipsychotics in seniors with dementia

(Canadian Medical Association Journal) As physicians attempt to decrease antipsychotic use in seniors with dementia, they need to be aware that trazadone, frequently used as an alternative, is associated with a similar risk of falls and major fractures as atypical antipsychotics, according to new research in CMAJ.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Kx9NdS

Largest pediatric study shows obesity increases asthma risk in children

(Nemours) Ten percent of pediatric asthma cases could be avoided if childhood obesity were eliminated, according to research led by Nemours Children’s Health System. The research, published today in Pediatrics, the journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, reported on the analysis of medical records of more than 500,000 children. The study is among the first to use the resources of PEDSnet, a multi-specialty network that conducts observational research and clinical trials across eight of the nation's largest children's health systems.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Bxl8re

Why a chemistry teacher started a science board game company

Subatomic is the latest game from John Coveyou, whose company Genius Games wants people to find the joy in science.

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Engineers are plugging holes in drinking water treatment

Drinking water quality has come a long way in the past hundred years — but challenges remain.

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50 years ago, screwworm flies inspired a new approach to insect control

The United States has wiped out screwworm flies repeatedly since 1966 using the sterile male eradication technique.

from Latest Headlines | Science News https://ift.tt/2OYg6ry

Treating COPD patients for anxiety using CBT reduces hospital visits and is cost-effective

(European Lung Foundation) Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) delivered by respiratory nurses is cost-effective and reduces anxiety symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Brief CBT sessions with respiratory nurses reduced feelings of anxiety for patients with COPD, and resulted in less frequent use of A&E and hospital services.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2AcDpIP

The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Hypnotherapy could help relieve irritable bowel syndrome symptoms

(The Lancet) Peer-reviewed / Randomised Controlled Trial / PeopleGut-directed hypnotherapy delivered by psychologists appears as effective in group or individual sessions, potentially offering a new treatment option for irritable bowel syndrome in primary and secondary care

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2PRyTdv

Human ancestors not to blame for ancient mammal extinctions in Africa

(University of Utah) New research disputes a long-held view that our earliest tool-bearing ancestors contributed to the demise of large mammals in Africa over the last several million years. Instead, the researchers argue that long-term environmental change drove the extinctions, mainly in the form of grassland expansion likely caused by falling atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2DEDesR

Environmental change, not hominin hunters, drove the demise of African megaherbivores

(American Association for the Advancement of Science) Environmental changes, not the often-blamed ancestors of modern humans, led to the several-million-year decline of east African megaherbivores -- large-bodied mammals like elephants, rhinos and hippos -- a new study finds.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2FzM0uU

Early human ancestors not to blame for extinctions of giant African mammals

(Arizona State University) Researchers analyzed a 7-million-year record of extinctions in Africa and compared it to milestones in human evolution previously implicated in these extinctions. Early hominin species played little to no role in driving mammal extinctions in ancient African ecosystems.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2QgXVli

Human ancestors not to blame for ancient mammal extinctions in Africa

(University of Utah) New research disputes a long-held view that our earliest tool-bearing ancestors contributed to the demise of large mammals in Africa over the last several million years. Instead, the researchers argue that long-term environmental change drove the extinctions, mainly in the form of grassland expansion likely caused by falling atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2DEDesR

Early human ancestors not to blame for extinctions of giant African mammals

(Arizona State University) Researchers analyzed a 7-million-year record of extinctions in Africa and compared it to milestones in human evolution previously implicated in these extinctions. Early hominin species played little to no role in driving mammal extinctions in ancient African ecosystems.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2QgXVli

This huge plant-eater thrived in the age of dinosaurs — but wasn’t one of them

A newly named plant-eater from the Late Triassic was surprisingly hefty.

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Crowdsourced field data shows importance of smallholder farms to global food production

(International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis) A new global field size data set collected as part of a crowdsourcing citizen science project by IIASA researchers has shown that the proportion of smallholder farms may be much larger than previously thought, contributing much more to global food production.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2FCMq3C

Smoking during pregnancy increases the likelihood of your baby becoming obese

(The Physiological Society) Smoking during pregnancy increases the chance that your baby will become obese. New research published in Experimental Physiology examined potential reasons for this phenomenon, using tissue which is normally discarded following birth.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2S98Xqn

Orange juice, leafy greens and berries may be tied to decreased memory loss in men

(American Academy of Neurology) Eating leafy greens, dark orange and red vegetables and berry fruits, and drinking orange juice may be associated with a lower risk of memory loss over time in men, according to a study published in the Nov. 21, 2018, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2znhQpd

Consistency in core language skill stable in typically and atypically developing children

(American Association for the Advancement of Science) In a 15-year study of thousands of children, including those with dyslexia and autism spectrum disorders, researchers discovered that a so-called core language skill, as identified here, was stable from infancy to adolescence. These findings affirm that when a child's language skills are lagging, early intervention is best. As an infant, grasping a language is one

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Typically human: Babies recognize nested structures similar to our grammar

(Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences) At a mere five months of age, babies seemingly have the ability to recognize very complex grammatical structures. That is what a research team headed by Professor Angela Friederici from the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (MPI CBS) and Professor Jutta Mueller from the University of Osnabrück have now shown in a new study published in Science Advances.

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Snails become risk-takers when hungry

(University of Sussex) Research from the University of Sussex proves that snails take more risks when hungry, risking potentially harmful substances in order to survive.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2KmiHL0

Canadians' and Americans' Twitter language mirrors national stereotypes, researchers find

(McMaster University) A new study examining differences in the language used in nearly 40-million tweets suggests national stereotypes -- Canadians tend to be polite and nice while Americans are negative and assertive -- are reflected on Twitter, even if those stereotypes aren't necessarily accurate.

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An orbiter glitch may mean some signs of liquid water on Mars aren’t real

The way that scientists process data from a Mars orbiter creates what look like signs of saltwater, but may actually be nothing, a study finds.

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Brain implants let paralyzed people use tablets to send texts and stream music

People with paralysis could control commercially available tablets with their brain activity, researchers show.

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Musical training improves visual timing

(Society for Neuroscience) Drummers and brass players are better able to judge the timing of visual stimuli than members of the color guard, according to a naturalistic study of the world-class drum corps Bluecoats published in eNeuro. This counterintuitive finding extends previous research demonstrating superior sensory learning and memory from cross-training the brain's audio and visual systems.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2S5xexn

A new airplane uses charged molecules, not propellers or turbines, to fly

A small aircraft prototype is powered by ionic wind flowing in one direction and pushing the plane in the other.

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Evolution: South Africa's hominin record is a fair-weather friend

(University of Cape Town) The fossil record of early hominins in South Africa is biased towards periods of drier climate, suggests a study of cave deposits published online today in Nature. This finding suggests there are gaps in the fossil record, potentially obscuring evolutionary patterns and affecting our understanding of both the habitats and dietary behaviours of early hominins in this region. South Africa's highest concentration of early hominin fossils comes from the 'Cradle of Humankind' caves northwest of Johannesburg.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2KpfAC6