Dog intelligence 'not exceptional'

(University of Exeter) People who think dogs are exceptionally intelligent are barking up the wrong tree, new research shows.

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Shifting causes of death in Shanghai, China, over many decades

(Canadian Medical Association Journal) A large study conducted over 42 years in Shanghai -- China's largest city -- indicates that socioeconomic development most likely contributed to lower death rates for most diseases (except for cancer and diabetes, for which death rates increased), likely because of lifestyle factors. The study is published in CMAJ.

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FAIR Health releases state-by-state visualizations of opioid abuse and dependence

(FAIR Health) FAIR Health has released an online interactive heat map showing new findings on opioid abuse and dependence diagnoses and procedures for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The innovative visualizations, issued in conjunction with a white paper on regional and state variations in opioid-related treatment, allow Americans throughout the country to see a snapshot of the opioid crisis in their particular state or across states.

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Studies in men reveal higher chance of secondary fractures, value of bone strengthening exercises

(Burness) Two new studies released this week shine a spotlight on men's bone health which is often overshadowed by the focus on osteoporosis and fracture risk in women. The findings are being presented at the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) 2018 Annual Meeting in Montréal, the premier scientific meeting in the world on bone, mineral and musculoskeletal science.

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EU countries unprepared to move future Alzheimer's treatment into rapid clinical use

(RAND Corporation) The burden of Alzheimer's disease in high-income countries is expected to nearly double by 2050 and recent positive results from clinical trials give hope that a disease-changing treatment could become available for routine use within a few years. But a new study finds that the health care systems in some European countries lack the capacity to rapidly move a disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease from approval into widespread clinical use.

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We may not have found aliens yet because we’ve barely begun looking

A new calculation says SETI searches have combed the equivalent of a hot tub out of Earth’s oceans looking for extraterrestrial intelligence in space.

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Scientists use AI to develop better predictions of why children struggle at school

(Medical Research Council) Scientists using machine learning -- a type of artificial intelligence -- with data from hundreds of children who struggle at school, identified clusters of learning difficulties which did not match the previous diagnosis the children had been given.The researchers from the Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit at the University of Cambridge say this reinforces the need for children to receive detailed assessments of their cognitive skills to identify the best type of support.

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Patients 65 years of age or older with hip or spine fracture should be treated for osteoporosis

(Burness) A coalition of the world's top bone health experts, physicians, specialists, and patient advocacy groups today released their clinical recommendations to tackle the public health crisis in the treatment of osteoporosis and the debilitating and often deadly hip and spine fractures caused by the disease.

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New research helps to inform the design of scientific advisory committees

(York University) At a time of 'fake news' and a growing mistrust of scientific experts, researchers at York University's Global Strategy Lab have produced new research to help inform the design of scientific advisory committees and help maximize the application of high-quality scientific research towards future policy and program decisions. Research was done to support the WHO.

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Model System Researchers identify factors linked to mortality after traumatic brain injury

(Kessler Foundation) 'Among individuals who died, we found significantly poorer performance on all measures,' noted co-author Erica Weber, PhD, of Kessler Foundation. 'Most significant was the difference in FIM Motor scores, which points to independence in mobility as an important factor in survival. Another big difference was in community participation. By identifying modifiable risk factors, we can develop strategies for prevention and early intervention, which will reduce the risk of death and improve the lives of individuals and caregivers,' concluded Dr. Weber.

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Acne stigma linked to lower overall quality of life, Irish study finds

(University of Limerick) Many people with acne are negatively impacted by perceived social stigma around the skin condition, a new study from University of Limerick (UL), Ireland, has found.A survey of 271 acne sufferers has revealed that their own negative perceptions of how society views their appearance is associated with higher psychological distress levels and further physical symptoms such as sleep disturbance, headaches and gastrointestinal problems.

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Hints of weird particles from space may defy physicists’ standard model

Signals from the ANITA experiment don’t square with the properties of elementary particles cataloged in the standard model.

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Crime, not money, drives migration from El Salvador and Honduras

(Vanderbilt University) A new analysis shows that immigration policies designed to deter economic migrants do not dissuade Central American migrants fleeing crime from seeking asylum.

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Child Mind Institute study: Wearables could inform selective mutism research, diagnosis, treatment

(The Child Mind Institute ) Child Mind Institute researchers found that specially-designed wearable devices have the potential to inform research into selective mutism by providing standardized, objective measurements that can aid in diagnosis and assess the efficacy of treatment approaches.

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Medicaid expansions linked to slower rises in overdose deaths

(University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine) In a study examining the potential impact of 2001-02 Medicaid expansions by Arizona, Maine and New York -- expansions that occurred just prior to the rise in overdose mortality nationwide -- researchers from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania found that from the time of these expansions through 2008, overdose mortality rates (mostly driven by fatal overdoses of opioids) rose significantly less in the expansion states than in non-expansion states.

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Columbia University to explore impact of genetic information of autism on families, individuals

(Columbia University Irving Medical Center) The Center for Research on the Ethical, Legal and Social Implications of Psychiatric, Neurologic, and Behavioral Genetics at Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC) will bring its expertise to bear on exploring the effects of new genetic knowledge on individuals with autism spectrum disorder and their families. The Center was awarded a four-year renewal grant from the National Human Genome Research Institute on Sept.17, 2018.

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Warm tropical Atlantic waters juiced the 2017 hurricane season

Anomalously warm ocean waters in the tropical Atlantic Ocean drove 2017’s hurricane powerhouses.

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GSA joins global call to action on fragility fractures

(The Gerontological Society of America) The Gerontological Society of America (GSA) -- the nation's largest interdisciplinary organization devoted to the field of aging -- has signed on to the Fragility Fracture Network's Global Call to Action to improve the care of people with fragility fractures.

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Teens who've tried marijuana have used it in more than one form

(University of Southern California) Most teens who've tried marijuana used it in more than one form, raising concerns about adolescent health amid a booming cannabis market.

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Minority medical residents face burden of bias during training

(Yale University) Black, Hispanic, and Native Americans constitute one-third of the US population, but only 9 percent of practicing physicians. To address the lack of diversity and inclusion in medicine, Yale physicians conducted a study exploring the role of race and ethnicity in minority resident training experiences.

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To what extent are adolescents using multiple types of cannabis?

(JAMA Network) Most 10th-graders who had ever used cannabis had used more than one type of the drug, including cannabis products that were combustible, edible or vaporized.

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Final decisions in Germany's Excellence Strategy

(Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) Funding to begin 1 January 2019 for initial seven years / €385 million annually / 19 eligible to compete in Universities of Excellence funding line / Announcement of results in Bonn

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Sensitive babies become altruistic toddlers

(Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences) Our responsiveness to seeing others in distress accounts for variability in helping behavior from early in development, according to a study published Sept. 25 in the open-access journal PLOS Biology by Tobias Grossmann from the Max Planck Institue for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (MPI CBS) and the University of Virginia, and his team.

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Ensuring cohesion in a society that is drifting apart

(University of Konstanz) Various population groups feel that they are no longer adequately represented. Parliamentary democracy and its achievements are challenged. Voices and opinions from the right and left of the political spectrum often drown out those from the center. To address these symptoms of social disintegration, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) has proposed to establish a decentralized yet organized institute for social cohesion that will carry out scientific research into the structures and perceptions of social cohesion.

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Center for BrainHealth gets $225K NIH grant to study cannabis use impact on motor learning

(Center for BrainHealth ) The research lab at the Center for BrainHealth® led by Dr. Francesca M. Filbey, the Bert Moore Chair in BrainHealth, Professor in Cognition and Neuroscience and Associate Provost at UT Dallas, has recently secured $225,000 in funding to study motor learning deficits in cannabis users. The R21 exploratory/developmental research grant was awarded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

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This reflective paint could keep sunbaked buildings cool

A new type of polymer coating that reflects sunlight to control heat could supplement or replace air conditioning systems.

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Before his early death, Riemann freed geometry from Euclidean prejudices

The originator of Riemann’s hypothesis died young, but he provided the geometry needed for modern view of spacetime.

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New book looks at dealing with critical risks from climate change beyond adaptation limits

(International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis) A new book edited by researchers at IIASA, the London School of Economics (LSE) and Deltares looks at the research, political debate and policy options surrounding the impacts of climate change which may be irreversible and beyond physical and social adaptation limits, known as Loss and Damage.

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Programs to reduce absenteeism more successful for youth with more absences

(Crime and Justice Research Alliance) The study found that interventions for youth with the highest rates of absenteeism were more successful than those for youth with fewer absences.

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Dennis and Mireille Gillings Foundation donation unites funders for £1.35 million program

(Academy of Medical Sciences (UK)) The Academy of Medical Sciences is delighted to announce a pledge of £600,000 from the Dennis and Mireille Gillings Foundation towards a pilot program to develop two cohorts of innovative new leaders in medical science.

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Stillbirth reduction strategy remains unproven, study finds

(University of Edinburgh) A care package aimed at reducing the risk of babies being stillborn may offer marginal benefit, research led by the University of Edinburgh suggests. Findings from a major study were inconclusive and experts stress that advice for pregnant women remains the same -- women who notice a change in their baby's movements should seek medical advice.

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True burden of stillbirths in Europe vastly underestimated

(The Lancet) Around one in three stillbirths occur before 28 weeks of pregnancy but are not officially recognised.

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Hawai'i land impacted by sea level rise may be double previous estimates

(University of Hawaii at Manoa) By including models of dynamical physical processes such as erosion and wave run-up, a team of researchers from the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa (UH Mānoa) and the Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) determined that land area in Hawai'i vulnerable to future sea level rise may be double previous estimates. The study was published today in the Nature journal, Scientific Reports.

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University of Rochester receives grant for center for child maltreatment studies

(University of Rochester) The University of Rochester's Mt. Hope Family Center (MHFC), in conjunction with the University of Minnesota's Institute for Translational Research in Children's Mental Health (ITR), has received a multi-million-dollar grant to create a national center for child maltreatment studies, becoming one of only three academic institutional partnerships in the United States to receive this prestigious award from the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

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Deaths of despair: The opioid epidemic is just part of the problem

(Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health) Opioid-related deaths contributed to more than 60 000 U.S. lives lost in 2016 but absolute declines in life expectancy relative to other countries and in various measures of psychosocial well-being have been observed starting as early as 1980. Researchers provide an overview of trends toward both increasing despair and declining health observed among many groups of people in the United States.

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Feral cats appear to be pathetic at controlling New York City’s rats

When cats are on the prowl, rats may become harder to see, but roaming cats actually killed only a few.

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The CDC says 80,000 people died from the flu last year

The 2017-2018 flu season was one of the deadliest on record for the United States.

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UC political scientist reveals surprising answers about religious freedom

(University of Cincinnati) Can political conservatives accept inclusive religious freedom rights when viewing similar issues from another perspective?

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When neglected children become adolescents

(Boston Children's Hospital) Many migrant children separated from their parents at the U.S. border, some of them very young, have landed in shelters where they often experience stress, neglect and minimal social and cognitive stimulation. The latest findings of the long-running Bucharest Early Intervention Project, involving children in Romanian orphanages, tells a cautionary tale about the psychiatric and social risks of long-term deprivation and family separation as children transition to adolescence.

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'Cellular memory' of DNA damage in oocyte quality control

(University of California - Davis) Females are born with a finite number of eggs that come from a much larger pool of millions of precursor cells. New research from UC Davis shows how cells that have experienced DNA damage are removed from this pool, so only the highest quality oocytes can become eggs.

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Women much less likely to ask questions in academic seminars than men

(University of Cambridge) A new study reveals a stark disparity between male and female participation in departmental seminars which helps to explain the 'leaky pipeline' of female representation in academic careers.The observational study of 250 events at 35 institutions found that women are 2.5 times less likely to ask a question in seminars than men.The researchers argue this reflects significant differences in self-reported feelings towards speaking up and offers recommendations to ensure all voices are heard.

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Lidar survey 'compels' revaluation of aspects of ancient Maya society

(American Association for the Advancement of Science) An airborne laser mapping survey of over 2,000 square kilometers of northern Guatemala - the largest such survey to date of this region -- 'compels' a revaluation of Maya demography, agriculture, and political economy, according to its authors.

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Lack of science support fails Brazil

(California Academy of Sciences) Reflecting on Brazil's National Museum fire, scientists warn against lack of museum investment.

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Laser mapping shows the surprising complexity of the Maya civilization

A large-scale lidar survey of Guatemalan forests reveals evidence of ancient, interconnected Maya cities.

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Lidar survey 'compels' revaluation of aspects of ancient Maya society

(American Association for the Advancement of Science) An airborne laser mapping survey of over 2,000 square kilometers of northern Guatemala - the largest such survey to date of this region -- 'compels' a revaluation of Maya demography, agriculture, and political economy, according to its authors.

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Lack of science support fails Brazil

(California Academy of Sciences) Reflecting on Brazil's National Museum fire, scientists warn against lack of museum investment.

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Polymer professor awarded $200,000 for research in protecting first responders

(University of Akron) Abraham Joy, a polymer science professor at The University of Akron, received a $200,000 prize from the state of Ohio's Third Frontier Commission to create a polymer-based fiber mat that can detect traces of opiate residue, giving first responders at the scene of an overdose a quick indication of the presence of an opioid in the vicinity, which will allow them to take appropriate precautions.

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Ride-hailing increases vehicle miles traveled

(University of Colorado Denver) Ride-hailing accounts for an 83 percent increase in the miles cars travel for ride-hailing passengers in Denver's metro area, according to a new study, 'The impact of ride-hailing on vehicle miles traveled,' in the journal Transportation.CU Denver research found that for every 100 miles carrying passengers, Uber and Lyft drivers travel an additional 69 miles without a passenger.Conclusions: cities need better data about mobility-disrupting companies to inform policy decisions.

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Narrowing sexual health equity gap for Puerto Rican adolescents

(University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing) Persistent and significant health disparities related to sexual health, including a higher teen birth rate and HIV prevalence, exist among Puerto Rican adolescents compared to other racial and ethnic adolescents. The Internet is a major platform for the dissemination of health information and has the potential to decrease health disparities and provide quality, culturally sensitive health information to disadvantaged populations.

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Jena's research cluster 'Balance of the Microverse' to be funded in the Excellence Strategy

(Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena) The Friedrich Schiller University Jena (Germany) was granted funding for one Cluster of Excellence. As the Excellence Commission announced today in Bonn, Jena's proposal for the cluster 'Balance of the Microverse' is among the 57 selected consortia which will be funded by the German Excellence Strategy for the following seven years. In the Cluster of Excellence 'Balance of the Microverse,' the University cooperates with its University Hospital and external research institutions.

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Fewer children in social care in Northern Ireland than rest of UK, according to new report

(University of Huddersfield) Thirty-five children out of every 10,000 are in social care, with the equivalent for England, Wales and Scotland being 52, 62 and 82.

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Vatican-Based White Paper Presents Expert Consensus on Advancing Global Palliative Care

(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News) A new white paper, developed by the Vatican-based Pontifical Academy for Life (PAV), describes the broad-based, expert-led effort to develop recommendations for improving global palliative care.

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Excellence funding for Inequality and Collective Behaviour cluster initiatives in Konstanz

(University of Konstanz) Two cluster initiatives at the University of Konstanz awarded funding through the German Excellence Strategy -- Extension of University of Excellence status possible.

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In China, a deadly strain of bird flu now easily infects ducks

H7N9 evolved the ability to infect ducks just as a vaccine for chickens came into use.

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New digital tool sparks enthusiasm among metal detectorists

(Aarhus University) A new digital platform DIME has been launched in Denmark. DIME is a digital portal for registration of the growing number of metal detector finds in Denmark. DIME allows amateur archaeologists to register their finds in the field and send their data to the museums.

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Ledumahadi mafube -- South Africa's new jurassic giant

(University of the Witwatersrand) A new species of a giant dinosaur has been found in South Africa's Free State Province. The plant-eating dinosaur, named Ledumahadi mafube, weighed 12 tonnes and stood about four metres high at the hips. Ledumahadi mafube was the largest land animal alive on Earth when it lived, nearly 200 million years ago. It was roughly double the size of a large African elephant.

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The philosopher and philologist Barbara Cassin has been awarded the 2018 CNRS Gold Medal

(CNRS) The CNRS Gold Medal, France's highest scientific distinction, has been awarded this year to the philosopher and philologist Barbara Cassin, senior researcher emeritus at the CNRS and member of the Académie française. Her research represents an exceptional contribution to the philosophy of language from both a historical and practical perspective, and is the work of a committed researcher, notably with respect to multilingualism.

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The British General Election of 2017

(Springer) The British General Election of 2017 is the definitive and authoritative account of one of the most dramatic elections in British history. Written by leading British politics experts Philip Cowley and Dennis Kavanagh, it is the 20th edition in this prestigious series dating back to 1945.

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From humble origins into the wide world -- the paper trade in the early modern period

(University of Erlangen-Nuremberg) There was not a single paper mill in Amsterdam until the 19th century. Despite this fact, Amsterdam was the location of the most important center of the paper industry in Europe in the 17th and 18th century and Dr. Daniel Bellingradt from the Institute of Book Studies at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) is conducting research to find out why.

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The warm glow of kindness is real -- Sussex study confirms

(University of Sussex) The 'warm glow' of kindness is real -- even when there's nothing in it for you. We feel the benefit of kind acts regardless of whether they are altruistic or strategically motivated.

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Postnatal depression could be linked to fewer daylight hours during late pregnancy

(Springer) Women in late pregnancy during darker months of the year may have a greater risk of developing postpartum depression once their babies are born. This is consistent with what is known about the relationship between exposure to natural light and depression among adults in the general population.

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Media violence, impulsivity and family conflict tied to aggressive behaviors in teenagers

(University of Oregon) Teenagers exposed to TV and film violence and high levels of household conflict are at risk of engaging in aggressive behaviors, according to a new study by researchers at three US universities. Especially prone to aggressive tendencies are those who also have high levels of impulsivity. Parental involvement, however, can make a difference.

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Army scientists discover mathematics of brain waves

(U.S. Army Research Laboratory) Army researchers have developed a technique that has the potential to provide measures that facilitate the development of procedures to mitigate stress and the onset of conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder in warfighters.

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In the battle of cats vs. rats, the rats are winning

(Frontiers) New research finds that contrary to popular opinion, cats are not good predators of rats. The study -- the first to document interactions between feral cats and a wild rat colony -- shows that rats actively avoid cats, and only recorded two rat kills in 79 days. The findings add to growing evidence that any benefit of using cats to control city rats is outweighed by the threat they pose to birds and other urban wildlife.

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People can die from giving up the fight

(University of Portsmouth) People can die simply because they've given up, life has beaten them and they feel defeat is inescapable, according to new research.

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GARDP and Novartis partner to reduce child deaths from drug-resistant infections

(Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative) The strategic partnership responds to the call from the World Health Organization for affordable, improved and adapted antibiotic formulations and regimens for this vulnerable population, for which treatment options are limited.

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Virtual reality motion sickness may be predicted and counteracted

(University of Waterloo) Researchers at the University of Waterloo have made progress towards predicting who is likely to feel sick from virtual reality technology.

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Despite restaurant pledges, most kids receive unhealthy items with fast-food kids' meals

(UConn Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity) A new UConn Rudd Center study of parents' fast-food restaurant purchases for their children finds that 74 percent of kids still receive unhealthy drinks and/or side items with their kids' meals when visiting one of the four largest restaurant chains -- McDonald's, Burger King, Wendy's, and Subway -- despite restaurants' commitments to offer healthier options with kids' meals. The study also found children are eating fast food more often.

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Survey raises worries about how screen time affects kids’ brains

A large study of U.S. children ties lots of screen time to lower thinking skills, but the relationship between the two is still unclear.

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Debating Modern Medical Technologies

(The Hastings Center) A new book by Hastings Center scholars shows how competing ideas about science, as well as interest groups and political ideology, frame debates about the risks and benefits of new medical interventions.

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Leaders may create ineffective cultures because they are stuck in the past, study shows

(University of Toronto, Rotman School of Management) The culture a leader experienced in the past shapes the culture of the group they go on to lead. As a result, the created culture may have little to do with group performance because culture is driven by the leader's past experience.

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Celebrating successes while examining failures

Editor in Chief Nancy Shute discusses this year's 10 scientists to watch and the ups and downs of the scientific endeavor.

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Readers contemplate water on Mars and more

Readers had questions about the significance of finding water on mars, air pollution from wildfires and spray-on sensors.

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Your Facebook friends don't mean it, but they're likely hurting you daily

(University at Buffalo) Social media sites often present users with social exclusion information that may actually inhibit intelligent thought, according to the co-author of a University at Buffalo study that takes a critical look not just at Facebook and other similar platforms, but at the peculiarities of the systems on which these sites operate.

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UMass Amherst neuroscientists see clues to brain maturation in adolescent rats

(University of Massachusetts at Amherst) One of the outstanding questions in neurodevelopment research has been identifying how connections in the brain change to improve neural function during childhood and adolescence. Now, results from a study in rats just reported by neuroscientists Heather Richardson, Geng-Lin Li and colleagues at the University of Massachusetts Amherst suggest that as animals transition into adolescence, specific physical changes to axons speed up neural transmission, which may lead to higher cognitive abilities.

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Grant supports exploratory research aimed at studying Pacific Islander behavioral health

(University of California - Riverside) Andrew Subica, an assistant professor at the UC Riverside School of Medicine, has received a two-year, $451,000 grant from the National Institutes of Health, or NIH, to study Pacific Islander alcohol prevention. The project, "Developing a Prevention Model of Alcohol Use Disorder among Pacific Islander Young Adults," is the first grant funded by the NIH's National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to specifically focus on Pacific Islander populations.

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Bariatric surgery linked to safer childbirth for the mother

(Karolinska Institutet) Obese mothers who lose weight through bariatric surgery can have safer deliveries. The positive effects are many, including fewer caesarean sections, infections, tears and hemorrhages, and fewer cases of post-term delivery or uterine inertia. This according to an observational study by researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden published in PLOS Medicine.

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Manta rays have an unusual mouth filter that resists clogging

Manta rays filter feed differently than other ocean creatures.

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Fiberglass-spinning robots could be construction workers of the future

A team of fiberglass-spinning robots could create tubing to help build bridges, buildings or other structures.

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Scientists unlock secret of how the brain encodes speech

(Northwestern University) People like the late Stephen Hawking are unable to speak because their muscles are paralyzed. Scientists want to help these individuals communicate by developing a brain machine interface to decode the commands the brain is sending to the tongue, palate, lips and larynx. New research has moved science closer by unlocking new information about how the brain encodes speech. They discovered the brain controls speech in a similar way to how it controls arm movements.

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Rutgers researchers discover possible cause for Alzheimer's and traumatic brain injury

(Rutgers University) Rutgers researchers discover a possible cause for Alzheimer's and traumatic brain injury, and the new mechanism may have also led to the discovery of an effective treatment.

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Europeans receptive to new welfare policy ideas

(City University London) A new report explains European attitudes towards the welfare state, as measured in Round 8 (2016/17) of the European Social Survey.

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Improving kidney function in older populations

(University of Houston) With a grant from the National Institutes of Health, University of Houston pharmacologist Mohammad Asghar is working to improve kidney function in people 65 and older and identify targets for drug interventions.

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Beyond skin deep: understanding disparities in dermatology services

(Case Western Reserve University) The odds of a black or Hispanic patient visiting an outpatient dermatologist are about half that of a white patient with the same skin condition, according to a new study in JAMA Dermatology. Patients most likely to receive outpatient dermatologic services in the study were white, educated women. The findings are among several that describe disparities in the use of outpatient dermatology services.

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Is that selfie edited? Why it may matter for women viewers

(Ohio State University) There's a surprising upside to the fact that many people edit their selfies on Instagram and other social media sites to enhance their appearance. A new study found that when women believed that selfies of thin and sexualized women had been edited, viewing these images had less negative impact on one aspect of their mental health.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2N8LNO0

Debate on banning organohalogen flame retardants heats up

(American Chemical Society) Hundreds of everyday household items, from laptop computers to babies' high chairs, contain flame retardants to prevent the objects from catching fire. Recently, several groups petitioned a U.S. agency to ban flame retardants known as organohalogens, some of which can migrate out of household items. Others argue against blacklisting an entire class of compounds without further study, according to an article in Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN), the weekly newsmagazine of the American Chemical Society.

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How to win friends online: It's not which groups you join, but how many

(Rice University) The chances that people will form new friendships primarily depends on the number rather than the types of organizations, groups and cliques they join, according to an analysis of six online social networks by Rice University data scientists.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2N3Nps3

GW launches program to address regional health care workforce needs

(George Washington University) The GW School of Medicine and Health Sciencse received a grant from the Health Resources and Services Administration to develop an educational pipeline program and address regional health care workforce needs.

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Compound improves social interaction in autism mouse model

(American Chemical Society) Children with autism often find social interactions awkward, leaving them isolated. Now in a study appearing in ACS' Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, scientists report that they have discovered a first-of-its-kind compound that promotes social interaction among laboratory mice that display autistic traits. The finding could lead to the development of drugs capable of improving social behaviors in those who have autism.

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Psychologists define the 'dark core of personality'

(University of Copenhagen) Egoism, Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, sadism, spitefulness are all traits that stand for the malevolent dark sides of human personality. Results from a recently published German-Danish research project show, these traits share a common 'dark core.' So, if you have one of these tendencies, you are also likely to have one or more of the others.

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Breastfeeding changes gene activity that may make babies less reactive to stress

(Care New England ) It has long been known that there are many physical and mental health benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and babies. But can these benefits be due to genetic changes induced by breastfeeding? New research suggests that connection.

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New protocol for measuring background levels of drugs in crime labs

(National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)) When forensic chemists handle evidence that contains illegal drugs, trace amounts are inevitably released into the laboratory environment, which can cause detectable background levels of drugs in the lab. Why is this a problem?'If I run a sample and it has fentanyl, I want to be sure that fentanyl came from the sample and not from background levels in my lab,' said NIST research chemist Ed Sisco, the lead author of the study.

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Uterus transplantation -- ethically just as problematic as altruistic surrogacy

(Linköping University) In 2014, the first child to have been gestated in a donated uterus was born. Although research into uterus transplantation is still in an early phase, many see the donations as a success. Researchers at universities including Linköping University have studied ethical aspects of uterus transplantation. The results show that uterus transplantation with living donors is ethically just as problematic as altruistic surrogacy.

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Analysis of billions of Twitter words reveals how American English develops

(University of Birmingham) New words in American English tend to develop in five regional linguistic 'hotspots' before spreading across the United States and beyond, a new study reveals.

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New online tool helps EU member states map and assess ecosystems and their services

(Pensoft Publishers) A product of a three and a half year collaboration between 37 partners from 31 European countries, the recently introduced online resource ESMERALDA MAES Explorer aids decision-makers from policy, science and society to implement Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) at different levels.

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AI could be used to predict outcomes for people at risk of psychosis and depression

(Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health) Machine learning, also known as artificial intelligence, could be a useful tool for predicting how well people at high risk of psychosis or with recent onset depression will function socially in the future, an international research study has found.

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Is student debt keeping Americans away from marriage?

(Springer) Having a student loan could influence whether America's young adults first union after college is marriage or cohabitation. This is according to a study published in Springer's Journal of Family and Economic Issues. Lead author Fenaba Addo of the University of Wisconsin Madison in the US says the findings highlight how attitudes towards marriage, living together and the perceived shame of accumulating debt have changed over the course of two generations among adults in the US.

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More persistent weather patterns in US linked to Arctic warming

(Rutgers University) Persistent weather conditions, including dry and wet spells, generally have increased in the United States, perhaps due to rapid Arctic warming, according to a Rutgers-led study. Persistent weather conditions can lead to weather extremes such as drought, heat waves, prolonged cold and storms that can cost millions of dollars in damage and disrupt societies and ecosystems, the study says.

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Being older helps skin heal with less scarring, and now researchers know why

(University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine) A compound secreted in the bloodstream could be the key factor that causes wounds in older people to heal with less scarring than in younger people.

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Dental research shows that smoking weakens immune systems

(Case Western Reserve University) Researchers at the Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine found that smoking weakens the ability for pulp in teeth to fight illness and disease.

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A new species of high-altitude hummingbird may already be in trouble

Researchers have discovered a new species of hummingbird high up in the Ecuadorian Andes.

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Reclassification recommendations for drug in 'magic mushrooms'

(Johns Hopkins Medicine) In an evaluation of the safety and abuse research on the drug in hallucinogenic mushrooms, Johns Hopkins researchers suggest that if it clears phase III clinical trials, psilocybin should be re-categorized from a schedule I drug -- one with no known medical potential -- to a schedule IV drug such as prescription sleep aids, but with tighter control.

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The SN 10: These scientists defy limits to tackle big problems

With a drive to understand how things work, these young researchers are making a mark in sustainable energy, medicine, astronomy and technology.

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Shahzeen Attari explores the psychology of saving the planet

Merging psychology with engineering, Shahzeen Attari probes how people think about conservation, energy use and climate change.

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Emily Balskus uses chemical logic to study the microbiome

Using chemistry to peer at the microbial world, Emily Balskus is revealing how microbes influence human health.

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Ibrahim Cissé unlocks cells’ secrets using physics

Biophysicist Ibrahim Cissé finds clues in raindrops and morning dew about how genes are activated.

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Christopher Hamilton explores the architecture of other worlds

Planetary scientist Christopher Hamilton uses Earth’s volcanic structures are a blueprint for how lava shapes other worlds.

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Paula Jofré makes stellar connections

Astrophysicist Paula Jofré is a galactic archaeologist, mapping out generations of stars.

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Lisa Manning describes the physics of how cells move

Physicist Lisa Manning probes how physical forces influence cell behavior in asthma and other conditions.

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Joaquín Rodríguez-López designs batteries for a sustainable energy future

Electrochemist Joaquín Rodríguez-López is finding better ways to store wind and solar power.

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Anshumali Shrivastava uses AI to wrangle torrents of data

Computer scientist Anshumali Shrivastava is designing programs that can handle torrents of information quickly and efficiently.

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Douglas Stanford probes the chaos inside black holes

Theoretical physicist Douglas Stanford is linking some of the most massive objects known to the quantum realm.

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Jenny Tung wants to know how social stresses mess with genes

Evolutionary anthropologist Jenny Tung is untangling the many health effects of life as a social animal.

from Latest Headlines | Science News https://ift.tt/2zvFy34

Researchers explore how being male or female affects our hearts, kidneys and waistlines

(American Physiological Society) A person's sex can be a defining factor in how well--or how poorly--they respond to disease, therapy and recovery. Experts at the forefront of sex-specific research will convene next week at the sixth APS conference on sex differences in cardiovascular and renal physiology. The Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases: Sex-Specific Implications for Physiology conference will be held September 30-October 3 in Knoxville, Tenn.

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Researchers identify marker in brain associated with aggression in children

(University of Iowa) A University of Iowa-led research team has identified a brain-wave marker associated with aggression in young children. The finding could lead to earlier identification of toddlers with aggressive tendencies before the behavior becomes more ingrained in adolescence. Results published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.

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ZSL names world's largest ever bird -- Vorombe titan

(Zoological Society of London) After decades of conflicting evidence and numerous publications, scientists at international conservation charity ZSL's Institute of Zoology, have finally put the 'world's largest bird' debate to rest. Published today in Royal Society Open Science -- Vorombe titan (meaning 'big bird' in Malagasy and Greek), has taken the title reaching weights of up to 800 kg and three meters tall, with the research also discovering unexpected diversity in these Madagascan creatures.

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A new vaccine raises hopes of someday curbing the tuberculosis epidemic

A new vaccine for those infected, but not sick, with tuberculosis reduced new active cases by 54 percent, compared with those given a placebo.

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Adoption of green stormwater infrastructure rises after floods

(University of Vermont) Residents and property owners are more likely to adopt some green stormwater infrastructure practices if they have experienced flooding or erosion on their property or in their neighborhoods, according to new research from the University of Vermont. As extreme weather events increase, more people may turn to ecologically friendly practices to manage stormwater.

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First 'Humanitarian Grand Challenge' finalists: 23 innovative projects to help the most vulnerable

(Grand Challenges Canada) Funded by USAID and DFID (UK), and implemented by Grand Challenges Canada, the first 23 projects seed funded as part of the Humanitarian Grand Challenge will receive (upon contract completion) up to US $250,000 each to validate innovative ideas to improve conditions for people in humanitarian crisis situations. The selected projects aim to provide, supply, or generate locally safe drinking water and sanitation, energy, life-saving information, or health supplies and services to the most-vulnerable, hardest-to-reach people affected by conflict.

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Researchers help to bridge the gap between psychology and gamification

(University of Waterloo) A multi-disciplinary research team is bridging the gap between psychology and gamification that could significantly impact learning efforts in user experience design, healthcare, and government.

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UTA study shows location makes or breaks many forms of public housing

(University of Texas at Arlington) University of Texas at Arlington researchers determined in a new study that subsidized housing is not affordable in the Dallas-Fort Worth region because its location does not make it transportation friendly.

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New curriculum available to teach opioid risks to middle school students

(RAND Corporation) Teaching children about the risks of opioids is one action needed to address the nation's opioid crisis. A new and free science-based curriculum designed to teach adolescents about those issues has been released by Project ALERT, a national evidence-based drug education program for middle school students.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2ztUxKP

Study shows link between breastfeeding and infant health is not straight-forward

(University at Buffalo) Results from new study suggest that the benefits of breastfeeding reported in the vast majority of prior research could be influenced by the mother's characteristics, such as what they know about health and nutrition. The findings could help guide policy makers and health care professionals when it comes to providing critical information to expectant mothers about feeding their newborns.

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Racial and ethnic bias leads to lower well-being among adolescents

(University of Texas at Austin) Racial and ethnic discrimination is problematic for all aspects of development -- from mental and physical health to risky behaviors and academic success -- particularly for Latinos, researchers at The University of Texas at Austin determined after analyzing findings from hundreds of previous studies on adolescents.

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Study finds that enzymes 'partner up' to accelerate cancer, aging diseases

(Indiana University) Indiana University researchers have identified cellular processes that appear to supercharge both the growth and shrinkage of the chemical 'caps' on chromosomes associated with aging, called telomeres.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2OgEyI6

UCalgary scientists discover a way to diagnose types of fear of falling in Parkinson's patients

(University of Calgary) Parkinson's disease causes one of the highest risks of falling among all neurological conditions. Due to this, many patients develop a fear of falling, even if they've never fallen. Researchers with the Cumming School of Medicine have discovered a way to diagnose subtypes of fear of falling in hopes of improving treatment and quality of life for patients.

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Once majestic Atlantic Forest 'empty' after 500 years of over-exploitation

(University of East Anglia) New research finds that 500 years of over-exploitation has halved mammal populations in South America's once majestic Atlantic Forest.A new analysis of mammal populations reveals the devastating effects of human disturbance since the area was first colonised in the 1500s.They found that apex predators and large carnivores, such as jaguars and pumas, as well as large-bodied herbivores, such as tapirs, were among the groups whose numbers had suffered the most.

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Innovative study assessing SSI incidence represents the first of its kind

(SeaCrest Company) A recent study assessing the relationship between nursing specialty certification rates and surgical site infections (SSI) provides an innovative option for future research exploring relationships between nursing and hospital procedures and medical and/or surgical adverse events.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2NCKmwm

Portrayals of female STEM characters in TV and film haven't improved in 10 years

(Jackson Spalding) The Lyda Hill Foundation, in partnership with Geena Davis's Institute on Gender in Media at Mount Saint Mary's University, released an extensive research report on the portrayals of female characters in science, technology, engineering and math in television and film. 'Portray Her: Representations of Women STEM Characters in Media' shows that entertainment media has a long way to go to improve stereotypes about pursuing STEM careers.

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20 journalists from across US awarded aging-focused fellowships

(The Gerontological Society of America) The Gerontological Society of America (GSA) is welcoming 20 distinguished reporters for the next cohort of the Journalists in Aging Fellows Program, now in its ninth year. They represent a wide range of general audience, ethnic, and community media outlets, including several public radio affiliates, daily newspapers, and national publications.

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NorthShore University HealthSystem, Ambry Genetics announce new prostate cancer risk test

(NorthShore University HealthSystem) Ambry Genetics Corporation (Ambry), leaders in genetic testing, announced today the launch of AmbryScore for prostate cancer risk. This is the first polygenic risk score (PRS) test to predict lifetime risk of prostate cancer, developed in collaboration with NorthShore University HealthSystem's (NorthShore) Center for Personalized Medicine.

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Kenneth Wells receives NAM's Sarnat Award for Outstanding Achievements in Improving Mental Health

(National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine) The National Academy of Medicine today announced Kenneth Wells is the recipient of the 2018 Rhoda and Bernard Sarnat International Prize in Mental Health, for his work developing quality and outcomes approaches to psychiatry and mental health, fostering a generation of clinical investigators and mental health system leaders, and championing partnered, participatory research to advance equity for under-resourced populations.

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Prostate cancer clinical trial seeking Rx approach answers for survival and quality of life

(Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center) A National Cancer Institute/Southwest Oncology Group Phase III multi-center trial clinical trial for men whose prostate cancer has spread will compare the outcomes of treating men diagnosed with metastatic Stage 4 prostate cancer with standard systemic therapy or with standard systemic therapy in combination with either surgery or radiation therapy.

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Here’s why we care about attempts to prove the Riemann hypothesis

The Riemann hypothesis could hold the key to understanding prime numbers.

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Researchers reveal link between hunger and mood, new study

(University of Guelph) The study used rats to examine the impact on emotional behavior of a sudden drop in blood sugar. When the rats were given a glucose blocker, researchers found they had higher levels of cortisol. They also showed signs of stress and sluggish behavior similar to a poor mood. To prove the behavior wasn't just a lack of glucose to the muscles, researchers then gave them a common antidepressant and the behavior disappeared.

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Experimental bone engineered by Lithuanian researchers can help osteoarthritis patients

(Kaunas University of Technology) Researchers from the Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology (KTU), Lithuania, are developing an artificial bone, which can be used for treating one of the most common joint diseases -- osteoarthritis. The bi-functional composite imitates the complex osteochondral structure of a joint, i.e. both cartilage and bone tissues.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xRLr8u

NSF grant awarded to UTSA to train diverse leaders in environmental science and ecology

(University of Texas at San Antonio) Developing the next generation of dynamic science leaders from diverse student populations is the goal of a three-year, $500,000 National Science Foundation (NSF) award to The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA). An interdisciplinary UTSA project led by Janis Bush, a professor of environmental science and ecology, was one of 12 new projects funded by NSF's Innovations in Graduate Education (IGE).

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Protestantism still matters when it comes to education, study shows

(University of Bath) A new academic study, the first of its kind, reveals a significant and positive historical legacy of Protestant religion in education around the world.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xD4dRX

New Tourette disorder genes come to light

(University of California - San Francisco) In the largest DNA sequencing study of Tourette Disorder (TD) to date, UC San Francisco researchers and their collaborators have unearthed new data suggesting a potential role for disruptions in cell polarity in the development of this condition.

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Health data breaches on the rise

(JAMA Network) The ongoing transition to electronic health records may increase data breaches involving patient records. An analysis of reported breaches of health data from 2010 through 2017 found that except for 2015, the number of breach reports increased each year. During this time there were 2,149 breaches comprising a total of 176.4 million records. The most common entity breached was a health care provider, with 1,503 breaches (70 percent) compromising a total of 37.1 million records.

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Immune cell pruning of dopamine receptors may modulate behavioral changes in adolescence

(Massachusetts General Hospital) A study by MassGeneral Hospital for Children researchers finds that the immune cells of the brain called microglia play a crucial role in brain development during adolescence, but that role is different in males and females.

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Skin wounds in older mice are less likely to scar

(Cell Press) Researchers have discovered a rare example in which the mammalian body functions better in old age. A team at the University of Pennsylvania found that, in skin wounds in mice, being older increased tissue regeneration and decreased scar formation. The same findings were confirmed in studies of human tissue. Their findings publish on Sept. 25 in the journal Cell Reports.

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DFG to fund 9 new research units

(Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft is establishing nine new Research Units, following a decision by the Senate and the Joint Committee in Bonn. Research Units enable researchers to pursue current and pressing issues in their research areas and to take innovative directions in their work. They can be funded for a maximum of two three-year periods.

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Threatened researchers find refuge in Germany

(Alexander von Humboldt Foundation) The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation has selected the research institutions in the fourth round of the Philipp Schwartz Initiative: a total of 31 institutions across Germany will now be able to host threatened researchers from abroad.The Philipp Schwartz Initiative was established by the Humboldt Foundation and Germany's Federal Foreign Office. Having so far been extended from one round to the next, it is now going to be placed on a permanent financial footing by the Federal Foreign Office.

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Illegal ivory dealers starting to use similar code words to hide online sales

(University of Kent) Ivory sellers in Europe using eBay are using the same code words across different languages to covertly advertise items for sale, potentially making it easier for law enforcement agencies to uncover such activities by reducing the number of phrases they have to track.

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NTU Singapore receives S$9 million boost to attract top young Swedish scientists

(Nanyang Technological University) The Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the largest private financier of research in Sweden, is making a S$9 million cash gift to Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) to establish a new postdoctoral fellowship program to support up to 40 fellows over the next six years.

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Minimally invasive autopsy improves postmortem diagnoses

(Radiological Society of North America) Minimally invasive autopsy with CT and MRI performs as well as conventional autopsy in detecting cause of death and has the advantage of yielding more diagnoses, according to a new study.

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This new fish species displays a splash of highlighter hues

Researchers stumbled upon a new species of coral reef fish with spectacular coloration and a unique habitat.

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CT technique expands possibilities of imaging ancient remains

(Radiological Society of North America) Researchers in Sweden using computed tomography (CT) have successfully imaged the soft tissue of an ancient Egyptian mummy's hand down to a microscopic level, according to a new study.

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New blockchain protocol could improve government and corporate procurement

(University of Waterloo) A new blockchain tool developed by a researcher at the University of Waterloo and a collaborator at Airbus in Germany could make procurement of goods and services safer and more impartial.

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Examining gratitude in buyer-seller relationships

(Louisiana State University) Research demonstrates that customer gratitude is linked to increases in share of wallet, sales revenue, sales growth and customer commitment. What about the role of salesperson gratitude in buyer-seller relationships? Does salesperson gratitude motivate behavior that is beneficial to firms? These questions are at the center of this new study.

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Astronomers may have spotted the birth of a neutron star

Scientists say they’ve witnessed a type of neutron star called a pulsar being born in the wake of a massive supernova for the first time.

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Schoolyard tree cover predicts math performance in high-poverty urban schools

(University of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences) What if improving academic performance in some of the nation's most disadvantaged and lowest-achieving schools was as easy as planting trees in the schoolyard? It's not that simple, of course, but a new study from the University of Illinois suggests school greening could be part of the solution.

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Who believes in conspiracies? New research offers a theory

(Union College) Conspiracy theories have been cooked up throughout history, but they are increasingly visible lately.So what draws people to them?New research by Josh Hart, associate professor of psychology, suggests that people with certain personality traits and cognitive styles are more likely to believe in conspiracy theories. The research was recently published in the Journal of Individual Differences.

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Lung inflammation from childhood asthma linked with later anxiety

(Penn State) Persistent lung inflammation may be one possible explanation for why having asthma during childhood increases your risk for developing anxiety later in life, according to Penn State researchers.

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Study: Exercise may delay cognitive decline in people with rare Alzheimer's disease

(Alzheimer's Association) For individuals carrying a genetic mutation that causes Alzheimer's disease, engaging in at least 2.5 hours of physical activity per week may have beneficial effects on markers of Alzheimer's disease brain changes and may delay cognitive decline, according to a new study.

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Advanced animal society thrives without males

(University of Sydney) Termite colonies have been found to thrive and reproduce without males, new research from the University of Sydney reveals. The findings provide new evidence that males aren't required to maintain some advanced animal populations. They add momentum to questions about the impact and function of males in animal societies.

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The first rovers to explore an asteroid just sent photos home

Japan’s Hayabusa2 spacecraft has deployed a pair of rovers to the surface of asteroid Ryugu.

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Violence in pre-Columbian Panama exaggerated, new study shows

(Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute) An oft-cited publication said a pre-Colombian archaeological site in Panama showed signs of extreme violence. A new review of the evidence strongly suggests that the interpretation was wrong.

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Violence in pre-Columbian Panama exaggerated, new study shows

(Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute) An oft-cited publication said a pre-Colombian archaeological site in Panama showed signs of extreme violence. A new review of the evidence strongly suggests that the interpretation was wrong.

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Doubts and dialogue may alter public perceptions of science

(University of Copenhagen - Faculty of Humanities) Science projects within controversial fields such as synthetic biology could benefit from experimenting with communication settings in which experts share their thoughts and feelings with each other and the public. This allows for a more open and constructive dialogue with the public about research - and may even generate new research ideas, a new PhD thesis shows.

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Leading addiction experts call for more neuroscience research on long-term recovery

(Virginia Tech) Warren Bickel, the director of the Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute (VTCRI) Addiction Recovery Research Center, and Keith Humphreys, the Esther Ting Memorial Professor in psychiatry and behavioral science at Stanford University, called their colleagues to action in an article published in JAMA Psychiatry, a journal of the American Medical Association.

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A biomarker in the brain's circulation system may be Alzheimer's earliest warning

(University of Southern California) Leaks in the blood-brain barrier can provide early detection for Alzheimer's and diseases.

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New AGS-NIA conference report explores links between senses and cognitive health

(American Geriatrics Society) Experts at a prestigious medical conference hosted by the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) and funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) hope their work --reported today in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society -- will have colleagues seeing eye-to-eye on an important but under-researched area of health care: The link between impaired vision, hearing, and cognition (the medical term for our memory and thinking capabilities, which are impacted as we age by health concerns like dementia and Alzheimer's disease).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2NBZrOz

Desert ants have an amazing odor memory

(Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology) Desert ants can quickly learn many different food odors and remember them for the rest of their lives. Their memory for nest odors seems to differ from their food odor memory: Whereas food odors are learned and kept after a single contact, ants need several trials to memorize nest odors and forget a nest-associated odor quickly after it has been removed from the nest. Hence, ants process food and nest odors differently in their brains.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2DzALS2

Chinese Cretaceous fossil highlights avian evolution

(Chinese Academy of Sciences Headquarters) A newly identified extinct bird species from a 127-million-year-old fossil deposit in northeastern China provides new information about avian development during the early evolution of flight. Drs. WANG Min, Thomas Stidham, and ZHOU Zhonghe from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology reported their study of the well-preserved complete skeleton and feathers of this early bird.

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A paralyzed man makes great strides with spinal stimulation and rehab

Researchers find success at restoring movement to paralyzed legs, giving hope to people with paraplegia.

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Novartis announces five grant recipients of eXcellence in Ophthalmology Vision Award

(Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research) * A panel of independent ophthalmologists and optometrists selected five winners out of more than 100 entries from 34 countries * The 2018 grants support initiatives ranging from training teachers for vision screening in schools to launching eye care-specific training modules in Ethiopia, India, Micronesia, Sudan and Zimbabwe* Novartis has been running this program for the last 8 years; submissions for the ninth annual XOVA are now open to eye care professionals and institutions

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To dispel myths, redirect the belief, study says

(Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs) Beliefs can be hard to change, even if they are scientifically wrong. But those on the fence about an idea can be swayed after hearing facts related to the misinformation, according to a study led by Princeton University.

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Expanding CEO-to-worker pay gap bad for business

(University of California - Berkeley) Companies whose CEOs earn hundreds of times their average employee's pay are viewed as less desirable to work for, and to do business with, according to a new University of California, Berkeley, study.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2N1FQCt

UA Immunobiology Chief awarded $1.5M grant to study threat of Chikungunya to elderly

(University of Arizona Health Sciences) Researchers at the University of Arizona College of Medicine -- Tucson will study why the elderly suffer disproportionately from the emerging mosquito-borne virus.

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USC receives $17.8 million grant to further research on tobacco-related health risks

(University of Southern California) A new, $17.8 million federal grant to USC will be used so scientists can find ways to protect people from health risks associated with vaping, tobacco and nicotine.

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Older adults with a 'fall prevention plan' less likely to end up in hospital

(Binghamton University) Older adults at risk for falls are less likely to suffer fall-related hospitalizations when they have a 'fall plan of care,' according to new research featuring faculty at Binghamton University, State University at New York.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Q1K7rj

NYU Tandon dean emeritus Katepalli Sreenivasan appointed to the Max Planck Solar System Research Institute as an external scientific member

(NYU Tandon School of Engineering) Katepalli R. Sreenivasan was named an external scientific member of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research. Sreenivasan's appointment will strengthen its study of turbulent and dynamical processes in planets, the Sun, and Sun-like stars. Sreenivasan holds New York University appointments in physics, mathematics, and mechanical and aerospace engineering. He is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, the U.S. National Academy of Engineering, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

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Technology and therapy help individuals with chronic spinal cord injuries take steps

(University of Louisville) Of four research participants living with traumatic, motor complete spinal cord injury, two are able to walk over ground with epidural stimulation following epidural stimulation paired with daily locomotor training. In addition, all four participants achieved independent standing and trunk stability when using the stimulation and maintaining their mental focus. The study was conducted at the Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center at the University of Louisville and is published in this week's New England Journal of Medicine.

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Mental distress associated with nonconforming gender expression among high school students

(JAMA Network) Mental distress was associated with gender nonconformity among female and male high school students.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2R0eKie

Why it doesn't get dark when you blink

(Deutsches Primatenzentrum (DPZ)/German Primate Center) Understanding how perception and memory interact.

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In lab tests, this gene drive wiped out a population of mosquitoes

For the first time, a gene drive caused a population crash of mosquitoes in a small-scale test.

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Take a step back from yourself to better realize the benefits of awe

(University at Buffalo) Religion and nature can both lead to awe, and turning to one or the other is a common coping strategy for the stress. But an awe-inspiring experience can have negative consequences as well as benefits, according to a novel UB-led study that uses cardiovascular responses to stress to take a broad look at awe and the critical role perspective plays when considering the effects of encountering awe.

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Eye training to help children with dyspraxia

(University of Exeter) Children with a coordination disorder can improve skills like throwing and catching with new training videos developed by the University of Exeter.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2zranpw

Lancaster professor to research how genes affect quitting smoking

(Lancaster University) The Canadian Institute of Health Research has awarded $929,475 to Professor Jo Knight of Lancaster University and the University of Toronto with collaborators from across the United States. Their aim is to understand how genetic variation can be used to optimize smoking cessation treatment choice using data from nine existing clinical trials with more than 5,000 smokers.

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£6.2 million funding for research into how children learn to communicate with language

(Lancaster University) The ESRC International Centre for Language and Communicative Development (LuCiD) has been awarded £6.2 million for a further five years. LuCiD is a five-year research collaboration working with partners from across the world to transform our understanding of how children learn to communicate with language.

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Does our environment affect the genes in our brains?

(Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin) Is there a link between differences in IQ test performance and the activity of certain genes? Researchers from Charité -- Universitätsmedizin Berlin have shown that modifications in the structure of a specific gene have a negative impact on individual test performance. This suggests that environmentally-induced epigenetic changes to our genetic material have a greater impact on intelligence than previously thought. Results from this study have been published in Translational Psychiatry.

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Reprocessing cultural heritage

(St. Poelten University of Applied Sciences) Woodworking is considered one of the oldest handcrafts and its techniques were for a long time largely passed on orally. In the project 'Woodworking Revisited', wood- and moving-image researchers from St. Pölten UAS and the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) together with students and the Austrian Open-Air Museum Stübing have developed new documentation formats to preserve selected woodworking techniques for future generations by means of moving images.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2OOH2um

Global mobility of highly skilled people

(University of Eastern Finland) This book contributes to a dialogue on theoretical and empirical approaches, topics and methodologies towards a better understanding of one of the most expanding cross-disciplinary research area, global highly skilled mobility. Through the concept of Self-initiated Expatriation (SIE), the book enriches the discussion on international migration and present-day mobility of highly skilled people by taking a closer look at concepts and practices which illustrate the existence of different forms of migration.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2zrqd3x

Japan has launched a miniature space elevator

The Japanese space agency just launched a prototype space elevator to the International Space Station to test motion along a taut cable in space.

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A fracture anywhere reduces bone density everywhere

(University of California - Davis Health System) New studies from UC Davis Health are among the first to associate fractures with systemic bone loss. They also begin the path to finding treatments that preserve long-term skeletal health and reduce susceptibility to additional fractures and, potentially, osteoporosis.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2O3bHqW

Neurobehavioral symptoms predictive of employment outcome after traumatic brain injury

(Kessler Foundation) 'Our results indicate that frontal neurobehavioral symptoms may be predictive of the ability to achieve and maintain employment after TBI,' said Dr. Weber, lead author, and a research scientist at Kessler Foundation. 'Developing rehabilitative strategies that address these behaviors could improve employment outcomes,' she noted, 'and reduce the burden of care on caregivers and society.'

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xIvxgQ

Asian-Americans more likely to be hired to lead troubled companies

(American Psychological Association) Asian-Americans are more than twice as likely to be hired as CEOs when a company is struggling, possibly setting them up for failure, according to new research published by the American Psychological Association.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2OM7pRN

Blowing the whistle on referee decisions

(Queensland University of Technology) It's one of the hardest jobs in sport that every armchair fan thinks they can do better.But QUT research has revealed the reasons how and why referees make decisions that can regularly enrage and frequently frustrate supporters.Football referee and QUT researcher Scotty Russell has investigated why referees make the calls they do and what they want to achieve from the matches they officiate.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2OOv9EK

Preventing underage drinking among youths on rural reservations

(Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation) A recent study by the Prevention Research Center of the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, the Scripps Research Institute, and the Southern California Tribal Health Center, evaluated the effects of combined individual- and community-level interventions to reduce underage drinking by American Indian/Alaska Native youths on rural California Indian reservations.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2O4t3DB

Weight loss can be boosted fivefold thanks to novel mental imagery technique

(University of Plymouth) A new study has shown how overweight people lost an average of five times more weight using Functional Imagery Training (FIT) -- a brief individual motivational intervention that teaches self-motivating skills using mental imagery -- compared with talking therapy alone. The study was led by the University of Plymouth and Queensland University.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xIdiIo

LGBT community has poorer health outcomes, assessment finds

(Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University) The local LGBT community reports twice the number of poor mental health days as the general population of Richmond and Columbia Counties, and those who identified as transgender report twice that, according to a health needs assessment conducted by faculty and students at the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University.

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Stepfathers' 'Cinderella effect' challenged by new study

(University of East Anglia) Long-held assumptions that stepfathers are far more likely to be responsible for child deaths than genetic parents have been challenged by researchers at the University of East Anglia (UEA).Findings suggest that differences in rates of child homicides by stepfathers and genetic fathers are considerably smaller than previous researchers have claimed, and that the relative ages of fathers implicated in these crimes is more significant than whether they are the biological father of the child.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2MQVa4F

Alarmingly low awareness of urology across Europe

(European Association of Urology) Results of a new international survey of more than 2,500 responders from five countries show that women know more about men's health issues than men do, men have poor knowledge of key urological symptoms and don't take early signs of potentially life-threatening urological conditions seriously.The low level of awareness indicated by the survey is of particular concern as urological conditions are on a rise due to the ageing European population.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xy5b1S

Children whose mothers use marijuana are more likely to try it at younger age

(Elsevier) When mothers use marijuana during the first 12 years of their child's life, their cannabis-using children are more likely to start at an earlier age than children of non-using mothers, according to a new study from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. This study is the first to establish a relationship between maternal cannabis use during a child's lifetime and earlier initiation in a nationally-representative, longitudinal cohort.

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Children whose mothers use marijuana may try it at a younger age

(Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health) Children whose mothers use marijuana are more likely to start their own marijuana use an average of two years earlier than children whose mothers don't use the drug, according to a new study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2MZYIlj

Gender and race may shape how minority women address barriers to breast cancer screening

(Wiley) Black women are more likely to be diagnosed at later stages of breast cancer partly due to barriers to timely screening mammography. port for their health needs.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xBwfx0

Online diabetes prevention programs are as effective as in-person programs for weight loss

(University of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences) An intensive, multifaceted online diabetes prevention program is as effective as in-person programs and can make prevention programs more accessible to those at risk for developing diabetes. Weight loss for online participants was at least comparable to what it was for in-person program participants. In addition, the researchers found that the online program had significantly better participation than the in-person program.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2MZWwdg

How math helps explain the delicate patterns of dragonfly wings

Scientists have found a mathematical explanation for the complex patterns on the wings of dragonflies and other insects.

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EACS issues position paper to improve cancer research and care

(Wiley) The European Academy of Cancer Sciences (EACS), an independent advisory body of medical specialists and researchers, has issued a position paper encouraging the European Union and its member states to formally launch a mission to boost and streamline cancer research. Published in Molecular Oncology, a journal of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies, the goal is to increase the societal impact of research by decreasing cancer incidence, increasing cure rate, improving health-related quality of life, and developing cost-effective cancer prevention and therapeutic strategies.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2I3wapS

NIH supports study of health risks and resilience following Hurricanes Irma and Maria

(NIH/National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities) Research will focus on hurricane-related psychosocial stressors, such as grief, separation from home and loved ones, loss of income, and limited access to medical care, which can result in immediate health impacts.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2OHua9n

Dr. Boukrina of Kessler Foundation examines reading deficit treatments after stroke

(Kessler Foundation) Olga Boukrina, PhD, research scientist in Stroke Rehabilitation Research at Kessler Foundation, has received a $10,000 grant from the Mabel H. Flory Charitable Trust.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Dh77ku

These new superthin antennas are made from metallic nanomaterials

Superthin antennas could bring household devices and wearable technology online.

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New findings on the muscle disease Laing early-onset distal myopathy

(University of Gothenburg) New avenues are now being opened for future treatment of Laing distal myopathy, a rare disorder that causes muscles in the feet, hands and elsewhere to atrophy. In a study published in the journal PNAS, researchers have identified an enzyme with a clear link to how the disease develops.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xuSSmN

The way hunter-gatherers share food shows how cooperation evolved

Camp customs override selfishness and generosity when foragers divvy up food, a study of East Africa’s Hazda hunter-gatherers shows.

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How will changes in snowpack affect water rights in arid western US?

(Arizona State University) Mountain snowpack is melting earlier, leaving water regulators searching for new approaches and farmers concerned about the risk to their crops. The U.S. Department of Agriculture on Thursday awarded $4.9 million to an interdisciplinary team of researchers from five institutions in three states, to help stakeholders find solutions.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2PQqceS

MSU-Spectrum Health researchers identify new genetic disorder

(Spectrum Health) Researchers from Michigan State University College of Human Medicine and physicians from Spectrum Health have identified for the first time in a human patient a genetic disorder only previously described in animal models.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2zmGgzD

Whose water is it anyway? CSU shares $4.9 million grant for evaluating water rights

(Colorado State University) Climate change, population growth and other factors mean that Western water allocation strategies may benefit from changes over the long term. To bring scientific veracity to these inevitable changes, researchers at Colorado State University, in partnership with the University of Nevada, Reno; Desert Research Institute; Northern Arizona University; and Arizona State University have received a $4.9 million grant from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2I4cS3T

New study estimates the caregiving costs for families

(American Geriatrics Society) In a new study, researchers focused on one of the most common caregiving arrangements: daughters between the ages of 40 and 70 who were likely to need to provide informal care to their mothers at some point in the near future. Participants were identified using the Health and Retirement Study, a survey conducted by the University of Michigan since 1992. Findings from this new analysis were published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2prH9kx

DNA vaccine leads to immune responses in HPV-related head and neck cancer

(University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine) A therapeutic vaccine can boost antibodies and T cells, helping them infiltrate tumors and fight off human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck cancer. Researchers from the Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania tested the immunotherapy approach in two groups of patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCCa) and found 86 percent showed elevated T cell activity.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2pq8QKA

The link between cognitive function and sexuality in older adults

(American Geriatrics Society) Researchers learn more about the relationship between sexual behavior, function, and cognition (people's ability to think and make decisions).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Di3Gdy

Philly refinery fails to include public input in cleanup efforts

(University of Pennsylvania) New research uncovers Sunoco's decade-long effort to cleanup legacy contamination at the East Coast's oldest and largest petroleum refinery site did not include legally required public Involvement. Data indicate Philadelphia Energy Solutions, current owner of the refinery, may be poised for another bankruptcy by 2022, opening industrial redevelopment opportunities. This report recommends steps to correct Sunoco's oversight, as well as the need to explore cleanup standards more stringent than those appropriate for ongoing refinery operations.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xFSh0T

Tobacco display ban linked to fewer children buying cigarettes in shops

(Imperial College London) Removing displays of tobacco products from shops may have reduced the proportion of children buying cigarettes by 17 percent, according to new research from Imperial College London.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2QPwLQg

Researchers successfully train employees to respond to opioid overdose, administer naloxone

(New York University) A small study shows that business managers and staff -- such as those running coffee shops and fast-food restaurants -- can be trained to reverse opioid overdoses, which are known to occur in public bathrooms.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2MSbZfj

Breast milk may be best for premature babies' brain development

(University of Edinburgh) Babies born before their due date show better brain development when fed breast milk rather than formula, a study from the University of Edinburgh has found.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xtGV0K

Combining multiple CCTV images could help catch suspects

(University of Lincoln) Combining multiple poor quality CCTV images into a single, computer-enhanced composite could improve the accuracy of facial recognition systems used to identify criminal suspects, new research suggests.

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New research reveals a mitochondrial gene that protects against Alzheimer's disease

(University of Southern California) New research from USC has uncovered a previously unknown genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. The study provides insights on how these conditions, and other diseases of aging, might one day be treated and prevented.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2QP2UHl

50 years ago, a flu pandemic spurred vaccine research

A half-century after the Hong Kong flu pandemic, scientists are getting closer to a universal vaccine.

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Kidney stones grow and dissolve much like geological crystals

Kidney stones are dynamic entities that grow and dissolve, a new study finds, which contradicts the prevailing medical assumption.

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It's not just for kids -- even adults appear to benefit from a regular bedtime

(Duke University Medical Center) In a study of 1,978 older adults publishing Sept. 21, 2018, in the journal Scientific Reports, researchers at Duke Health and the Duke Clinical Research Institute found people with irregular sleep patterns weighed more, had higher blood sugar, higher blood pressure, and a higher projected risk of having a heart attack or stroke within 10 years than those who slept and woke at the same times every day.

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The extirpation of species outside protected areas

(University College London) Land-based bird populations are becoming confined to nature reserves in some parts of the world -- raising the risk of global extinction -- due to the loss of suitable habitat, according to a report led by UCL. Researchers analyzed biodiversity in the peninsula of Thailand, Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra, Java and Bali, one of the world's most biologically degraded regions. They found that up to 25 percent of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds have been made locally extinct in the region.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2MRxxsu

Most nations falling short of UN targets to cut premature deaths from chronic diseases

(Imperial College London) People in the UK, US and China have a higher risk of dying early from conditions like cancer, heart disease and stroke than people in Italy, France, South Korea and Australia.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xrh6ys

Overwhelming evidence shows hepatitis C treatment effective for people who inject drugs

(University of New South Wales) Researchers are calling on an end to discriminatory health and illicit drugs policies, based on overwhelming evidence that new hepatitis C therapies are effective at curing the virus in people who inject drugs.

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Drug overdose deaths in America are rising exponentially

Tracking rising numbers of deaths from a variety of drugs over the past 38 years shows that it isn’t just an opioid problem.

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Readers focus on fake news, neutrinos, and more

Readers pondered how to effectively combat fake news, questioned the result of a clinical trial, and wanted to know more about neutrinos.

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Building big experiments to study very little things

Editor in Chief Nancy Shute discusses our behind the scenes look at the giant equipment used to study the smallest bits of matter.

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Study: Commitment to democratic values predict climate change concern

(Georgia State University) Commitment to democratic values is the strongest predictor of climate change concern globally, Georgia State University faculty have found in a new study comparing climate change attitudes across 36 countries, including the US.

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Study documents poor mental and physical health in rural borderland community members

(University of California - Riverside) The borderlands between the United States and Mexico are home to numerous Mexican and Central American rural communities, with many members living in poverty and frustrated by limited access to basic resources. A study on inequalities and health among foreign-born Latinos in rural borderland communities, led by a researcher at the University of California, Riverside, has found that this population is vulnerable to high stress that negatively impacts its mental and physical health.

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Drug overdose epidemic has been growing exponentially for decades

(University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences) Death rates from drug overdoses in the US have been on an exponential growth curve that began at least 15 years before the mid-1990s surge in opioid prescribing, suggesting that overdose death rates may continue along this same historical growth trajectory for years to come. These findings suggest that, to be successful, prevention efforts must extend beyond control of specific drugs to address deeper factors driving the epidemic.

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Cholesterol traces suggest these mysterious fossils were animals, not fungi

Traces of cholesterol still clinging to a group of enigmatic Ediacaran fossils suggests the weird critters were animals, not fungi or lichen.

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NIH funds Ohio University faculty research into extending lifespan

(Ohio University) The project builds on Dr. John Kopchick's builds past research in growth hormone, which led to the discovery of the GH receptor antagonist drug, pegvisomant (trade name Somavert®).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2MNFsax

Researchers identify a new cause of childhood mitochondrial disease

(Newcastle University) A rapid genetic test developed by Newcastle researchers has identified the first four patients with inherited mutations in a new disease gene, a building block of complex I called NDUFA6.

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Can science build a better burger?

Researchers hope to replace whole animal agriculture and feed the world with lab-made meats or plants.

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Sample size matters in multisensory integration studies

(Baylor College of Medicine) Sample size (the number of individuals examined for a study) is the most important factor determining the accuracy of the study results.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2PPK95m

UTA researchers patent technology for smart seat cushion, adaptable prosthetics

(University of Texas at Arlington) The University of Texas at Arlington has patented a smart seat cushion that uses changes in air pressure to redistribute body weight and help prevent the painful ulcers caused by sitting for long periods of time in a wheelchair. The same technology can be used to create prosthetic liners that adapt their shape to accommodate changes in body volume.

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In depression the brain region for stress control is larger

(Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences) Although depression is one of the leading psychiatric disorders in Germany, its cause remains unclear. A recent study at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (MPI CBS) in Leipzig, Germany, found that those affected by depressive disorder have a larger hypothalamus compared to their healthy counterparts. This could explain why many sufferers show increased levels of the stress hormone cortisol and are very often afflicted with periods of tension.

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New research finds annual well visit increases likelihood of preventive services

(Harvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute) A new Harvey L. Neiman Health Policy Institute study assesses the effect of receiving an Annual Wellness Visit (AWV) between 2011 and 2013 on the annual rate of eight preventive services recommended for the Medicare population following the AWV. The study is published online in Preventive Medicine.

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First study of benefits and risks of dementia screening for family members of older adults

(Regenstrief Institute) With the support of a new $3 million, five-year National Institute on Aging grant, researchers from the Regenstrief Institute and Indiana University Center for Aging Research are conducting the first evaluation of the benefits and harms of Alzheimer's disease screening for family members of older adults.

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Octopuses given mood drug 'ecstasy' reveal genetic link to evolution of social behaviors in humans

(Johns Hopkins Medicine) By studying the genome of a kind of octopus not known for its friendliness toward its peers, then testing its behavioral reaction to a popular mood-altering drug called MDMA or 'ecstasy,' scientists say they have found preliminary evidence of an evolutionary link between the social behaviors of the sea creature and humans, species separated by 500 million years on the evolutionary tree.

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Nomadic hunter-gatherers show that cooperation is flexible, not fixed

(University of Pennsylvania) Why do humans cooperate? For six years, researchers from the University of Pennsylvania have worked to answer this great puzzle, focusing on the Hadza, a nomadic hunter-gatherer population in Tanzania. New findings suggest that cooperation is flexible, not fixed.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2NXwrAh

MDMA (a.k.a. ecstasy) makes octopuses more social too

(Cell Press) When people take MDMA, the drug popularly known as ecstasy, a rush of serotonin, dopamine, and oxytocin produces feelings of emotional closeness and euphoria, making people more interested than normal in connecting with other people. Now, researchers reporting in Current Biology on Sept. 20 have made the surprising discovery that a species of octopus considered to be primarily solitary and asocial responds to MDMA similarly: by becoming much more interested in engaging with one other.

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Why do people share? It's contagious, six-year study of Hadza people shows

(Cell Press) In the modern world, people cooperate with other people including strangers all the time. We give blood, tip providers of various services, and donate to charity even though there is seemingly nothing in it for us. Now, researchers reporting in Current Biology on Sept. 20 who've studied Hadza hunter-gatherer people in Tanzania over a six-year period have new and surprising insight into why people work together.

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Humans have skeletal stem cells that help bones and cartilage grow

Human skeletal stem cells have been found for the first time.

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Nomadic hunter-gatherers show that cooperation is flexible, not fixed

(University of Pennsylvania) Why do humans cooperate? For six years, researchers from the University of Pennsylvania have worked to answer this great puzzle, focusing on the Hadza, a nomadic hunter-gatherer population in Tanzania. New findings suggest that cooperation is flexible, not fixed.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2NXwrAh

Study: Widely used nonprofit efficiency tool doesn't work

(North Carolina State University) A recent study finds that the tool most often used to assess the efficiency of nonprofit organizations isn't just inaccurate -- it is negatively correlated with efficiency.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xlTefB

Talking with the doctor makes it easier to deal with grief and bereavement

(Aarhus University) In a comprehensive study, researchers from Aarhus University show that grieving patients who receive what is known as talk therapy at the general practitioner shortly after a relative's death, have a lower risk of suicide and psychiatric illness than others. Data from 207,000 million Danes is included in the register-based study, which can contribute to new practices in the preventative area.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2OFakvz

EU Fisheries failures jeopardise sustainability of small fishing communities

(University of Kent) Traditional artisanal fishing has been harmed by EU fishing policies that favour big businesses and ignores other more sustainable approaches to conserving fish stocks, according to new research from the University of Kent. This is the main finding of research by Dr Alicia Said, Professor Douglas MacMillan, and Dr Joseph Tzanopoulos of the School of Anthropology and Conservation (SAC) published in the world-leading open-access journal Frontiers in Marine Sciences.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2NR3XrZ

American girls read and write better than boys

(American Psychological Association) As early as the fourth grade, girls perform better than boys on standardized tests in reading and writing, and as they get older that achievement gap widens even more, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2QLIuiE