Imaging scans show where symbols turn to letters in the brain

Scientists watched brain activity in a region where reading takes root, and saw a hierarchy of areas that give symbols both sound and meaning.

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Electrodes show a glimpse of memories emerging in a brain

Nerve cells in an important memory center in the brain sync their firing and create fast ripples of activity seconds before a recollection resurfaces.

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Climate misinformation may be thriving on YouTube, a social scientist warns

Analyzing 200 climate-related videos on YouTube shows that a majority challenge widely accepted views about climate change and climate engineering.

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Murray Gell-Mann’s ‘totalitarian principle’ is the modern version of Plato’s plenitude

The ancient principle of plenitude is reborn in the modern belief that whatever can exist must exist.

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Alzheimer’s targets brain cells that help people stay awake

Nerve cells in the brain that are tied to wakefulness are destroyed in people with Alzheimer’s, a finding that may refocus dementia research.

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A new FDA-approved drug takes aim at a deadly form of tuberculosis

The antibiotic could help tackle extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, which kills tens of thousands each year.

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LIGO and Virgo probably spotted the first black hole swallowing up a neutron star

In a first, astronomers may just have detected gravitational waves from a black hole merging with a neutron star.

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We’re closing down our comment section

Science News’ forthcoming website won’t feature comment sections on stories, but instead will invite e-mail feedback so readers can make their voices heard.

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Chemists have created and imaged a new form of carbon

A new molecule takes its place among buckyballs, carbon nanotubes and other odd forms of carbon.

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Fluid in superdeep diamonds may be from some of Earth's oldest unchanged material

Primordial rock deep in the mantle and dating to just after Earth’s formation could yield insights about the planet’s formation and evolution

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New cloaking devices could hide objects from water waves and currents

Specially designed materials could help prevent boats from rocking too violently in harbors, researchers say.

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The first chlamydia vaccine has passed a major test

A clinical trial for a vaccine against the sexually transmitted disease found that the product provoked an immune response.

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Astronomers just quintupled the number of known repeating fast radio bursts

A Canadian telescope spotted eight more repeating fast radio bursts. What causes these cryptic flashes of radio waves from deep space remains unclear.

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A planetary body may have smashed into Jupiter, creating its weird core

A planetary body smashing into Jupiter may have jostled the gas giant’s insides during its formative years, creating the strange interior seen today.

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CRISPR enters its first human clinical trials

The gene editor will be used in lab dishes in cancer and blood disorder trials, and to directly edit a gene in human eyes in a blindness therapy test.

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Engraved bones reveal that symbolism had ancient roots in East Asia

Denisovans might have etched line patterns on two animal bone fragments more than 100,000 years ago in what’s now northern China.

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A mussel poop diet could fuel invasive carp’s spread across Lake Michigan

Asian carp, just a human-made waterway away from reaching Lake Michigan, could live in much more of the lake than previously thought.

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Two of four Ebola treatments prove highly effective in a clinical trial

An Ebola field trial in Congo is shifting its focus toward treatments that preliminary data suggest can help prevent death from the disease.

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Even without concussions, just one football season may damage players’ brains

A group of college football players underwent brain scans after a season of play. The results suggest the sport could impact neural signaling.

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Plants don’t have feelings and aren’t conscious, a biologist argues

The rise of the field of “plant neurobiology” has this scientist and his colleagues pushing back.

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A proposed space telescope would use Earth’s atmosphere as a lens

One astronomer has a bold solution to the high cost of building big telescopes.

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Are researchers asking the right questions to prevent mass shootings?

Understanding how to thwart these violent events may be more effective than analyzing perpetrators’ backgrounds.

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Exploding stars scattered traces of iron over Antarctic snow

Researchers melted half a ton of snow to find just 10 atoms of a radioactive variety of iron.

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How these tiny insect larvae leap without legs

High-speed filming reveals how a blob of an insect can leap more efficiently than it crawls.

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The worst wildfires can send smoke high enough to affect the ozone layer

The first direct observations of wildfire smoke in the stratosphere confirm what could happen in a “nuclear winter,” a study finds.

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50 years ago, Fermilab turned to bubbles

The National Accelerator Laboratory, now called Fermilab, used to have a bubble chamber to study particles. Today, most bubble chambers have gone flat.

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One in 4 people live in places at high risk of running out of water

An update to the Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas reveals that 17 countries withdraw more than 80 percent of water available yearly.

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Mercury levels in fish are rising despite reduced emissions

Climate change and overfishing can increase how much mercury accumulates in fish, counteracting efforts to reduce human-caused emissions.

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Why people with celiac disease suffer so soon after eating gluten

In people with celiac disease, some T cells release immune chemicals within hours of encountering gluten, triggering the fast onset of symptoms.

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Giant, active galaxies from the early universe may have finally been found

Overlooked galaxies from when the universe was younger than 2 billion years old could be the ancestors of other ancient and modern monster galaxies.

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Readers respond to Lyme disease, fossil teeth and a Tesseract look-alike

Readers had questions and comments on Lyme disease prevention, speciation, and a mysterious uranium cube.

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Why this warmer world is not just a passing phase

Editor in Chief Nancy Shute discusses climate change and the uncertainty of science.

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How pieces of live human brain are helping scientists map nerve cells

Experiments on live nerve cells — donated from patients undergoing brain surgery — may turn up clues about how the human brain works.

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Racist words and acts, like the El Paso shooting, harm children’s health

Racism can take a lifelong toll on children’s and adolescents’ health. U.S. pediatricians are tackling the problem.

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A fungus makes a chemical that neutralizes the stench of skunk spray

A compound produced by fungi reacts with skunk spray to form residues that aren’t offensive to the nose and can be more easily washed away.

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With nowhere to hide from rising seas, Boston prepares for a wetter future

Boston has armed itself with a science-driven master plan to protect itself from increasingly inevitable storm surges and rising seas.

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How the 5 riskiest U.S. cities for coastal flooding are preparing for rising tides

The five U.S. cities most at risk of coastal flooding from rising sea levels are in various stages of preparedness.

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Ancient Maya warfare flared up surprisingly early

Extreme conflicts broke out well before the decline of the Maya civilization, researchers say.

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A new map is the best view yet of how fast Antarctica is shedding ice

Stitching together data from several satellite missions allowed scientists to create the most comprehensive map of Antarctic ice flow ever.

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Decades of dumping acid suggest acid rain may make trees thirstier

Acidified soil loses calcium, which can affect trees’ ability to hang on to water.

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Satellites are transforming how archaeologists study the past

In ‘Archaeology from Space,’ Sarah Parcak takes readers on a lively tour of the past, and archaeology of the 21st century.

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The Arctic is burning and Greenland is melting, thanks to record heat

A heat wave is melting Greenland’s ice and fueling blazes across the Arctic that are pumping record amounts of carbon dioxide into the air.

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Hospitalizations highlight potential dangers of e-cigs to teens’ lungs

E-cigarette use can harm the lungs, and eight Wisconsin teens who developed severe lung injuries after vaping may be the latest victims.

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Readers inquire about measles, vaccine hesitancy and more

Readers had questions about vaccine-hesitant parents, measles and DNA sequencing.

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You’re only as old as you perceive yourself to be

Editor in Chief Nancy Shute discusses how people’s attitudes about aging can impact our physical health.

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Public trust that scientists work for the good of society is growing

More Americans trust the motives of scientists than of journalists or politicians.

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Stars may keep spinning fast, long into old age

NASA’s TESS telescope has spotted an old star that spins too fast for theory to explain, suggesting that stars may have a magnetic midlife crisis.

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A 3-D map of stars reveals the Milky Way’s warped shape

Our galaxy flaunts its curves in a chart of thousands of stars called Cepheids.

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There’s more to pufferfish than that goofy spiked balloon

Three odd things about pufferfishes: how they mate, how they bite and what’s up with no fish scales?

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Scientists seek materials that defy friction at the atomic level

Scientists investigate superslippery materials and other unusual friction feats.

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Monkeys can use basic logic to decipher the order of items in a list

Rhesus macaque monkeys don’t need rewards to learn and remember how items are ranked in a list, a mental feat that may prove handy in the wild.

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A new study challenges the idea that the placenta has a microbiome

A large study of more than 500 women finds little evidence of microbes in the placenta, contrary to previous reports on the placental microbiome.

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Tiny magnetic coils could help break down microplastic pollution

Carbon nanotubes designed to release plastic-eroding chemicals could clear the long-lasting trash from waterways.

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This newfound predator may have terrorized the Cambrian seafloor

A newly discovered spaceship-shaped predator raked through the Cambrian seafloor in search of food.

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TESS has found the first-ever ‘ultrahot Neptune’

NASA’s TESS telescope has spotted a world that could be a bridge between other types of exoplanets: hot Jupiters and scorched Earths.

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Debate over the universe’s expansion rate may unravel physics. Is it a crisis?

Measurements of the Hubble constant don’t line up. Scientists debate what that means.

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How a 2017 radioactive plume may be tied to Russia and nixed neutrino research

A botched attempt at producing radioactive material needed for a neutrino experiment may have released ruthenium-106 to the atmosphere in 2017.

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In a first, physicists re-created the sun’s spiraling solar wind in a lab

Some of the sun’s fundamental physics have been re-created with plasma inside a vacuum chamber

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Positive attitudes about aging may pay off in better health

Research into the mind-body connection shows that attitude is everything when it comes to healthy aging.

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Mapping how the ‘immortal’ hydra regrows cells may demystify regeneration

In the continually regenerating hydra, fluorescent markers help researchers track stem cells on the way to their cellular fate.

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Giving cats food with an antibody may help people with cat allergies

Research by pet-food maker Purina aims to disable the major allergen carried in cat saliva, a protein called Fel d1.

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Climate change could raise the risk of deadly fungal infections in humans

The rise of Candida auris, a deadly fungus spurring outbreaks in the United States and worldwide, may have been aided by climate change.

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Detox pathway extends lifespan of the worm C. elegans

(University of Cologne) Mutation in mitochondrial gene doubles the lifespan in the worm C. elegans by turning on a detox pathway, researchers of the Cluster of Excellence CECAD report in Nature Communications.

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'Trash talk' really can put players off their game

(University of Connecticut) A study of 200 adults conducted by a graduate student confirmed the ability of trash talk to negatively affect the game performance of a competitor.

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Working memory is structured hierarchically

(National Research University Higher School of Economics) Researchers in cognitive psychology at HSE University have experimentally demonstrated that the colors and orientations of objects are stored and processed independently in working memory. The results of the experiment were published in Acta Psychologica journal.

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3D slave ship model brings a harrowing story to life

(Lancaster University) A 3D model of an 18th century slave ship, which captures the cramped, dirty and stifling conditions experienced by enslaved Africans, has been launched as a new digital teaching tool. The idea came from Lancaster University lecturer and historian of the Atlantic World Dr Nicholas Radburn working with scholars and technicians from Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.

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Preventing people from abandoning exotic pets that threatened biodiversity

(University of Barcelona) Abandoning exotic pets is an ethical problem that can lead to biological invasions that threaten conservation of biodiversity in the environment. An article published in the journal Biological Invasions, whose first author is the researcher Alberto Maceda Veiga, from the Biodiversity Research Institute of the University of Barcelona (IRBio), reveals that the release of invasive species in the environment has not been reduced despite the regulation that prohibits the possession of these species since 2011.

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Researchers discover the science behind giving up

(University of Washington Health Sciences/UW Medicine) Findings, reported July 25 in Cell, offer new insight into the complex world of motivation and reward by discovering the science behind giving up.The study is among the first to describe the effects of the complex nociception modulatory system.The researchers said this discovery could lead to helping people find motivation when they are depressed and conversely decrease motivation for drugs in substance abuse disorders, like addiction.

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Brains work in sync during music therapy -- study

(Anglia Ruskin University) For the first time researchers have been able to demonstrate that the brains of a patient and therapist become synchronised during a music therapy session, a breakthrough that could improve future interactions between patients and therapists.

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When a fix for one vision problem causes another

(University of Pennsylvania) Aging diminishes the ability of the eyes ability to focus up close. Research from Johannes Burge of the University of Pennsylvania found that monovision, which uses lenses with different power in each eye, can cause dramatic misperceptions of distance and 3D direction for moving objects. This could have real implications for public health and public safety.

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Attitudes toward race, immigration underscored vote switching in 2016 election

(University of California - Riverside) It's estimated that around 9% of voters who supported Barack Obama in 2012 crossed party lines to endorse Donald Trump in 2016 -- but why? According to a team of researchers that included Loren Collingwood, an associate professor of political science at the University of California, Riverside, the reasons behind so-called "vote switching" might be more complicated than originally expected.

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US emergency medical services underrepresented of women and minorities

(Taylor & Francis Group) Women and minority groups are underrepresented in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in the US and workforce diversity is not likely undergo big changes anytime soon, according to a new 10-year study of almost 700,000 newly certified emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics, published in Prehospital Emergency Care.

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Could α-Klotho be a potential biomarker of stress?

(Osaka University) Researchers at Osaka University elucidated an interesting association between psychological stress and serum levels of α-Klotho (αKl).

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NASA’s Chandra X-ray telescope celebrates 20 years in space

The U.S. space agency has released new images for the Chandra X-ray Observatory’s 20th birthday.

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Study finds new insights on overdose rates, county segregation, and socioeconomics

(George Mason University) Deaths from drug overdoses have risen dramatically in the United States over the past 20 years, and researchers seek to understand complex factors that may affect these deaths. A new study led by George Mason University's College of Health and Human Services examined drug overdose deaths at the county level. It found that socioeconomic factors and segregation may have independent effects that vary by racial and ethnic groups.

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Missile strike false alarm most stressful for less anxious Hawaiians, study finds

(American Psychological Association) After learning that a warning of a missile headed to Hawaii was a false alarm, the most anxious local Twitter users calmed down more quickly than less anxious users, according to a study of tweets before, during and after the event, published by the American Psychological Association.

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Little helpers for the rainforest

(Deutsches Primatenzentrum (DPZ)/German Primate Center) Primate researchers show how monkeys contribute to the regeneration of tropical forests.

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Dangers of the blame game

(Society for Consumer Psychology) The moral character of a victim of a product or service failure can influence how much consumers blame the victim for their suffering, which in turn affects how much consumers hold companies responsible.

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Researchers develop new technology for multiple sclerosis diagnosis and treatment

(Center for BrainHealth ) Researchers at the Center for BrainHealth®, part of The University of Texas at Dallas, in collaboration with a team from UT Southwestern, have developed technology for a novel diagnostic method for multiple sclerosis (MS). The new approach has the potential to determine which damaged regions in an MS patient's brain have the capacity to heal themselves, and which do not.

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Is your favorite brand authentic?

(Society for Consumer Psychology) Researchers recently discovered that stories about the origins of a company influence whether consumers believe a brand is authentic.

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Preschool teachers ask children too many simple questions

(Ohio State University) When preschool teachers read books in their classrooms, the questions they ask play a key role in how much children learn, research has shown.But a new study that involved observing teachers during class story times found that they asked few questions -- and those that they did ask were usually too simple.

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Dark matter particles won’t kill you. If they could, they would have already

The fact that no one has been killed by shots of dark matter suggests the mysterious substance is relatively small and light.

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Device could automatically deliver drug to reverse opioid overdose

(Purdue University) Purdue University researchers are developing a device that would automatically detect opioid overdose and deliver naloxone, a drug known to reverse deadly effects.

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Tobacco-21 laws can lower smoking prevalence in the 18-20 age group

(Society for the Study of Addiction) A new study published today by the scientific journal Addiction found that raising the legal age of sale of cigarettes from 18 to 21 in the US was associated with a 39% reduction in the odds of regular smoking in 18- to 20-year-olds who had experimented with cigarettes. The reduction was even greater (50%) in those who had close friends who smoked when they were 16.

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The geoengineering of consent: How conspiracists dominate YouTube climate science content

(Frontiers) Using YouTube to learn about climate-change-related topics will expose you to video content that mostly opposes worldwide scientific consensus. That's the finding of a new study, which also reveals that conspiracy theorists have 'hijacked' some scientific terms, such as 'geoengineering,' so that searches provide entirely non-scientific content. Scientists could counteract this by forming alliances with influential YouTubers, politicians and those in popular culture, to ensure scientifically accurate video content reaches the widest-possible audience.

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New grant-funded educator misconduct database used as research and prevention tool

(University of Texas at San Antonio) David Thompson, a professor in the University of Texas at San Antonio Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, and Catherine Robert '17, Ed.D, an assistant professor of educational leadership and policy studies at the University of Texas at Arlington, are developing a database with information about Texas certified educators who have engaged in sexual misconduct during the last two decades (1999-2019) to provide empirical data on educator sexual misconduct (ESM) that can inform education policymakers at the national and state levels.

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New research has potential for 'unpacking' complex simultaneous emotions in adolescence

(University of Chichester) Shows for the first time that complex, mixed simultaneous emotions in adolescents could be assessed using an Analogue Emotion Scale. Potential to supplement traditional emotional assessments where emotions are complex and people 'may not have the words'. Next step: trials to test the findings in practice.

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NIH establishes network to improve opioid addiction treatment in criminal justice settings

(NIH/National Institute on Drug Abuse) The National Institutes of Health will award 12 grants to form the Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network (JCOIN) to support research on quality addiction treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) in criminal justice settings nationwide. The awards, totaling an estimated $155 million from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, part of NIH, will support the multi-year innovation network, including 10 research institutions and two centers that will provide supportive infrastructure.

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Hair could be the key to better mental-illness diagnosis in teens

(Ohio State University) It's possible that a lock of hair could one day aid in the diagnosis of depression and in efforts to monitor the effects of treatment, said the author of a new study examining cortisol levels in the hair of teens.

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Visits to the dentist decline in old age, especially among minorities

(New York University) Visits to the dentist drop significantly after adults turn 80, finds a new study by researchers at NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing and the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa.

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Risk of death among postmenopausal women with normal weight and high abdominal fat

(JAMA Network) Postmenopausal women with normal weight (body mass index 18.5 to 24.9) and central obesity (waist circumference greater than 88 cm) are at higher risk of death compared to women with normal weight and no central obesity. Obesity prevention commonly focuses on BMI, which can't distinguish body shape or body fat distribution. The high abdominal fat distribution that is central obesity is common in the general population.

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Findings from CARE Consortium added to global repository for brain injury data

(Indiana University School of Medicine) Data from the CARE Consortium, the world's most comprehensive concussion study is now publicly available in a repository aimed at providing traumatic brain injury researchers access to a wealth of new knowledge.

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To prevent another world war, researcher suggests changing how we think

(U.S. Army Research Laboratory) Is another world war inevitable? A US Army researcher studying complex phenomena says yes, unless people stop thinking in terms of either/or outcomes. Dr. Bruce West, a senior scientist at the Army Research Office, an element of US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command's Army Research Laboratory, authored a book that uses mathematical modeling to understand how the people -- and the military -- must think to gain advantage in today's society.

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Artificial throat could someday help mute people 'speak'

(American Chemical Society) Most people take speech for granted, but it's actually a complex process that involves both motions of the mouth and vibrations of folded tissues, called vocal cords, within the throat. If the vocal cords sustain injuries or other lesions, a person can lose the ability to speak. Now, researchers reporting in ACS Nano have developed a wearable artificial throat that, when attached to the neck like a temporary tattoo, can transform throat movements into sounds.

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Pottery related to unknown culture was found in Ecuador

(Far Eastern Federal University) Archaeologists of Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Institute of Archeology and Ethnography SB RAS (Russia), Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) (Ecuador), and Tohoku University (Japan) found shards of ceramic vessels referred to the cultural sediments of early periods of Real Alto site. Findings date back to 4640 - 4460 BC, this period borders with Valdivia, one of the oldest pottery-featured cultures in North and South America. A related article is published in Antiquity.

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Genome research shows that the body controls the integrity of heritable genomes

(University of Cologne) Writing in Developmental Cell, scientists at the University of Cologne presented new findings that challenge established concepts of genetic inheritance. They have proven that somatic cells of the roundworm C. elegans influence heredity.

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Decoding the causes of motor neuron disease: A new study shows the impact of genetics

(Trinity College Dublin) Researchers from Trinity College Dublin have conducted the largest ever study involving 1117 people diagnosed with motor neurone disease to address the question of "nature versus nurture" in the causes of MND. The team from the Trinity MND Research Group found that one in 347 men and one in 436 women can be expected to develop motor neurone disease (MND) during their lifetime. Their research has been published in the American medical journal JAMA Neurology.

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Sisters improve chances of reproduction in Asian elephants

(University of Turku) Researchers at the University of Turku found that the presence of a maternal sister was positively and significantly associated with annual female reproduction in a population of working elephants in Myanmar. In addition, an age-specific effect was found: young females were more sensitive to the presence of sisters and even more likely to reproduce when living near a sister.

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Pottery related to unknown culture was found in Ecuador

(Far Eastern Federal University) Archaeologists of Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Institute of Archeology and Ethnography SB RAS (Russia), Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) (Ecuador), and Tohoku University (Japan) found shards of ceramic vessels referred to the cultural sediments of early periods of Real Alto site. Findings date back to 4640 - 4460 BC, this period borders with Valdivia, one of the oldest pottery-featured cultures in North and South America. A related article is published in Antiquity.

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Genes underscore five psychiatric disorders

(University of Queensland) A group of international doctors has uncovered the genes that contribute to the development of ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression and schizophrenia.

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NEC Laboratories Europe and IMDEA Networks launch Joint Research Unit in 5G technologies

(IMDEA Networks Institute) IMDEA Networks Institute (Madrid, Spain) and NEC Laboratories Europe (Heidelberg, Germany) announce the launch of a Joint Research Unit (JRU) in 5G technologies. The JRU will foster multidisciplinary joint team work in 5G research and development projects.

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Study highlights the benefits of a US salt reduction strategy to US food industry

(University of Liverpool) New research, published in The Milbank Quarterly, highlights the potential health and economic impact of the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) proposed voluntary salt policy on workers in the US food industry.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2M9kpCt

Half of young drinkers are unaware of health messages on alcohol packaging

(University of Stirling) Just half of 11-19 year old drinkers recall seeing health messages or warnings on alcohol packaging -- despite being an important target market for this information, according to new research.

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Accidental infant deaths in bed tripled from 1999 to 2016 in the US

(Florida Atlantic University) Although sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been on the decline, a new study shows that infant deaths from accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed have more than tripled between 1999 and 2016 in the US with increases in racial inequalities. Results reveal similar risk factor profiles for non-Hispanic black infants and non-Hispanic white infants, though in every instance, non-Hispanic black rates were higher than those for non-Hispanic whites. All increases over time were statistically significant.

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Screen time no child's play

(University of Queensland) Experts are urging parents to brush up on national guidelines following a rapid rise in screen time on electronic devices for children under 2.

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Scientists use phone movement to predict personality types

(RMIT University) RMIT University researchers have used data from mobile phone accelerometers -- the tiny sensors tracking phone movement for step-counting and other apps -- to predict people's personalities.

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A frog study may point to where parenting begins in the brain

Two brain regions, including one active in mammal parents, lit up with activity in both male and female poison frogs when caring for their tadpoles.

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New data fills research gaps on weight loss experiences for minority groups

(The Obesity Society ) The use of intensive lifestyle interventions focused on altering dietary and physical activity habits using behavioral strategies can produce sustained weight loss among African-Americans and Hispanics who have type 2 diabetes (T2D), according to a new study published online today in Obesity, the flagship journal of The Obesity Society.

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Semi-automated contracting system to accelerate partnering in AI-powered drug discovery

(InSilico Medicine, Inc.) Partnership model between artificial intelligence (AI) development companies and 'Big Pharma' provides legal template for accelerated drug discovery process worldwide.

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Study quantifies smoking's strong link to peripheral artery disease

(Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health) A new study led by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that cigarette smoking boosts the risk of peripheral artery disease, and this elevated risk can persist up to 30 years after smoking cessation.

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Climate changes faster than animals adapt

(Forschungsverbund Berlin) Although animals do commonly respond to climate change, such responses are in general insufficient to cope with the rapid pace of rising temperatures and sometimes go in wrong directions.

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Brain imaging findings of US government personnel in Cuba

(JAMA Network) Imaging shows differences in the brains of US government personnel who were potentially exposed to unusual audible and sensory phenomena (sound, pressure or vibration) while serving in Cuba when compared with brain images from a group of healthy individuals without such exposure, although the clinical importance of these brain differences is uncertain. A preliminary report published by JAMA in 2018 described neurological signs and symptoms experienced by some of these government workers.

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100 days, 100 nights: Sensor network reveals telltale patterns in neighborhood air quality

(DOE/Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) Black carbon -- a contributor to global warming and a pollutant of concern to residents in urban areas -- can be difficult to track. To address this problem, researchers at Berkeley Lab generated a technology that didn't exist. With more than 100 custom-built sensors installed for 100 days, the team created the largest black carbon monitoring network to be deployed in a single city, setting a foundation for the future of air quality monitoring.

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DARPA grants ASU $38.8 million to create epigenetic tool for fight against WMD

(Arizona State University) Arizona State University announced today that it has been selected by the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to build a field-deployable, point-of-care device that will determine in 30 minutes or less if a person has been exposed to weapons of mass destruction or their precursors.

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‘Fruit from the Sands’ explores the Silk Road origins of apples, tea and more

A new book explains how many of today’s popular foods got started on Central Asia’s ancient Silk Road trade networks.

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For anemonefish, male-to-female sex change happens first in the brain

(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau) The anemonefish is a gender-bending marvel. It starts out as a male, but can switch to female when circumstances allow, for example, when the only female present dies or disappears. In a new study, researchers found that the male-to-female sex-change occurs first in the fish's brain and only later involves the gonads - sometimes after a delay of months or years. (Includes video.)

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More heart attacks and strokes when cholesterol-lowering prescription rejected or unfilled

(The Familial Hypercholesterolemia Foundation) Individuals at high risk for cardiovascular events had more heart attacks, strokes and other cardiovascular events when they were unable to obtain their prescribed LDL-cholesterol lowering medication. In a new study in Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, researchers with the FH Foundation found that individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) or atherosclerotic heart disease (ASCVD) whose PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9is) were rejected by their insurance plan had an immediate 16% increased risk of a cardiovascular event during the 12-month study period.

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Exposure to air pollution among women in Mozambique greatly intensified by the use of kerosene lamps

(Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)) Study shows that women living in the Manhiça region are breathing air with much higher concentrations of black carbon than those found in Europe.

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Teacher incentive programs can improve student achievement

(University of California - Riverside) Teacher incentive pay programs with a hybrid structure involving both individual and group incentives can have good results. Multiple and understandable performance metrics, combined with regular feedback to teachers, may also make incentive programs more effective. Finally, rewards should be strong enough to entice teachers to adjust their teaching practices.

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White-tailed deer were predominant in pre-Columbian Panama feasts

(Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute) An analysis of white-tailed deer remains at an archaeological site in Panama revealed signs of 'feasting behavior' associated with this animal among pre-Columbian populations.

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'Lady Astronauts, Lady Engineers, and Naked Ladies'

(De Gruyter) The book 'Lady Astronauts, Lady Engineers, and Naked Ladies,' by Karin Hilck, is the fifth book published by De Gruyter in its series 'Family Values and Social Change.' It is a gender history of the American space community and by extension a social history of American society during the Cold War.

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White-tailed deer were predominant in pre-Columbian Panama feasts

(Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute) An analysis of white-tailed deer remains at an archaeological site in Panama revealed signs of 'feasting behavior' associated with this animal among pre-Columbian populations.

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Presence of hoarding symptoms does not negatively impact CBT response in youth with OCD

(Elsevier) Hoarding can often be a debilitating problem for adults and is often associated with poorer mental health functioning and response to treatment. For children however, that may not be the case. A new study in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (JAACAP), published by Elsevier, reveals that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be successful for youth with hoarding symptoms.

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Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation grants fellowship awards to 15 young scientists

(Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation) The Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation named 15 new Damon Runyon Fellows. The recipients of this prestigious, four-year award are outstanding postdoctoral scientists conducting basic and translational cancer research in the laboratories of leading senior investigators across the country. The Fellowship encourages the nation's most promising young scientists to pursue careers in cancer research by providing them with independent funding to work on creative high-risk projects.

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New studies suggest prenatal marijuana may be capable of causing FASD-like impairment

(Teratology Society) Whether alone or combined with alcohol, new studies included in Birth Defects Research just published by the Teratology Society with John Wiley & Sons, suggest marijuana exposure may be capable of triggering morphological and behavioral impairments similar to those seen with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). The groundbreaking insight is part of a special journal issue of 13 studies looking closer at the biomarkers, mechanisms, and interactions of prenatal alcohol exposure.

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Suicidal thoughts can be reduced among Indigenous people; this new study finds the factors

(University of Toronto) New nationally representative Canadian study from the University of Toronto and Algoma University finds that 3-quarters of formerly suicidal Indigenous adults who are living off-reserve had been free from suicidal thoughts in the past year.

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U.S. wells are pumping up groundwater from increasing depths

Around the United States, groundwater wells are getting deeper in search of new sources of freshwater, a new study shows.

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Obstructive sleep apnea may be one reason depression treatment doesn't work

(Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University) When someone is depressed and having suicidal thoughts or their depression treatment just isn't working, their caregivers might want to check to see if they have obstructive sleep apnea, investigators say.

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Facebook can help college students with lower confidence build relationships

(Binghamton University) Facebook can help first-semester college students maintain relationships with high school friends and assist them in creating new friendships, according to new research from Binghamton University, State University of New York.

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People are more likely to try drugs for the first time during the summer

(NYU Langone Health / NYU School of Medicine) American teenagers and adults are more likely to try illegal or recreational drugs for the first time in the summer, a new study shows.

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Research shows high prices of healthy foods contribute to malnutrition worldwide

(International Food Policy Research Institute) The first global examination of the affordability of both healthy and unhealthy foods finds high prices for nutritious foods correlate with higher undernutrition, while low prices for unhealthy foods correlate to higher obesity, underlining need for policies to shift prices toward healthier diets.

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Combined online self-management for pain, associated anxiety and depression works

(Regenstrief Institute) Online symptom self-management works to decrease pain, anxiety and depression and for some, online self-management plus nurse telecare helps even more according to CAMMPS study, conducted by symptoms expert and Regenstrief Institute research scientist Kurt Kroenke, MD. Pain is the most common physical symptom for which adults seek medical attention in US, while anxiety and depression are the most common mental health symptoms. All three symptoms frequently co-occur in this difficult to treat patient population.

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Characteristics in older patients associated with inability to return home after operation

(American College of Surgeons) The ACS NSQIP Geriatric Surgery Pilot Project has, for the first time, identified four factors in older patients that are associated with an inability to return home after an operation.

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Allergy, asthma risk are increased by microbial compound found in infant gut

(University of California - San Francisco) A study of newborn infants has identified a compound produced by gut bacteria that appears to predispose certain infants to allergies and asthma later in life.

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Canned laughter works, finds UCL-led study of 'dad jokes'

(University College London) Adding canned laughter to the end of a punchline increases how funny we find a joke, but not as much as real laughter, finds a new UCL-led study published in Current Biology.

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Understanding the drivers of a shift to sustainable diets

(International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis) One of the 21st century's greatest challenges is to develop diets that are both sustainable for the planet and good for our bodies. An IIASA-led study explored the major drivers of widespread shifts to sustainable diets using a newly developed computational model of population-wide behavioral dynamics.

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Tourist photographs are a cheap and effective way to survey wildlife

(Cell Press) Tourists on safari can provide wildlife monitoring data comparable to traditional surveying methods, suggests research appearing July 22, 2019 in the journal Current Biology. The researchers analyzed 25,000 photographs from 26 tour groups to survey the population densities of five top predators (lions, leopards, cheetahs, spotted hyenas, and wild dogs) in northern Botswana, making it one of the first studies to use tourist photographic data for this purpose.

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Laugh tracks make 'dad jokes' funnier

(Cell Press) Many people complain about television shows that use recorded laugh tracks. But researchers reporting in the journal Current Biology on July 22 have found that laugh tracks really do work.

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Boosting a gut bacterium helps mice fight an ALS-like disease

Gut bacteria may alter ALS symptoms for good or ill.

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Increased control over ions’ motions may help improve quantum computers

Scientists precisely manipulated the ion’s oscillations and energy levels, a key step toward building better quantum computers.

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Archaeological evidence verifies long-doubted medieval accounts of First Crusade

(University of North Carolina at Charlotte) New discoveries in the decade-long archaeological dig at Jerusalem's Mont Zion include a massive, long-rumored-but-buried earthwork, gold jewelry and war artifacts. The finds confirm previously unverified details from medieval historical accounts of the First Crusade -- witness narratives of five-week siege, conquest, sack and massacre of the Fatamid (Muslim)-controlled city in July of 1099.

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Archaeological evidence verifies long-doubted medieval accounts of First Crusade

(University of North Carolina at Charlotte) New discoveries in the decade-long archaeological dig at Jerusalem's Mont Zion include a massive, long-rumored-but-buried earthwork, gold jewelry and war artifacts. The finds confirm previously unverified details from medieval historical accounts of the First Crusade -- witness narratives of five-week siege, conquest, sack and massacre of the Fatamid (Muslim)-controlled city in July of 1099.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2y0gTC6

When you spot 1 driving hazard, you may be missing another

(North Carolina State University) When people notice one traffic hazard, they are less likely to see a simultaneous second hazard, according to new research from North Carolina State University. The finding has potential applications for both driver training and the development of automated, in-vehicle safety technologies.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/30MXFfx

Use of non-hospital-based provider-to-patient telehealth grew nearly 1,400%

(FAIR Health) From 2014 to 2018, private insurance claim lines for non-hospital-based provider-to-patient telehealth grew 1,393 %, according to a new white paper on telehealth from FAIR Health, a national, independent nonprofit organization dedicated to bringing transparency to healthcare costs and health insurance information. The study draws on data from FAIR Health's comprehensive repository of over 29 billion private healthcare claim records.

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Strongman leaders make for weak economies, study finds

(RMIT University) Autocratic leaders are often credited with purposefully delivering good economic outcomes, but new research challenges that long-held assumption.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2MbP3Lk

Warning to those wanting to spice up their lives

(University of South Australia) Think twice before adding that extra kick of chili sauce or chopped jalapeno to your meal. New research involving the University of South Australia shows a spicy diet could be linked to dementia.

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India’s first lunar lander is on its way to the moon

India’s Chandrayaan-2 mission just launched, hoping to become the first Indian spacecraft to land on the moon.

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UTSA reduces seizures by removing newborn neurons

(University of Texas at San Antonio) Epileptic seizures happen in one of every 10 people who have experienced a traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, new research at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) has uncovered an innovative approach to possibly slow the progression of epilepsy. Researchers at UTSA have successfully removed new neurons that have developed after a brain injury to reduce seizures in mice. They believe that the technique could potentially reduce post-injury epilepsy.

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School readiness impaired in preschoolers with ADHD symptoms, Stanford study finds

(Stanford Medicine) Preschoolers with symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are much less likely than other children their age to be ready for school, new research from the Stanford University School of Medicine has found.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Y8SdSu

More colorectal cancer cases are being diagnosed in younger patients

(Wiley) Average age at diagnosis in the United States has decreased over the past decade.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2YiwVWH

Gun ownership linked to greater incidence of domestic homicides

(Elsevier) A new study in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, published by Elsevier, reveals a unique and strong association between firearm ownership and the risk of domestic homicides. For each 10% increase in household gun ownership rates, the findings show a significant 13% increased incidence of domestic firearm homicide. The homicide risk differed across victim-offender relationships, with nondomestic firearm homicide rising only 2% among firearm owners.

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Early introduction of peanuts in babies to reduce allergy risk

(Joule Inc.) Worried about peanut allergies in children? A practice article in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal) outlines five things to know about early introduction of peanuts in infants to reduce the risk of peanut allergy.

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More ED visits because of alcohol, 175% increase in 25- to 29-year-olds seeking care

(Joule Inc.) New research shows dramatically rising visits to emergency departments (ED) related to alcohol, especially for women, with a 175% increase in alcohol-related visits from young people aged 25 to 29. The article, published in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal) shows increases in ED visits related to alcohol that are occurring much faster than overall ED usage.

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Study finds children with autism more likely to be bullied at home and at school

(University of York) A major new study has found children with autism are more likely to be bullied by both their siblings and their peers, meaning that when they return from school, they have no respite from victimization.

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Take a bath 90 minutes before bedtime to get better sleep

(University of Texas at Austin) Biomedical engineers at UT Austin have found a way for people to get better shuteye. Systematic review protocols allowed researchers to analyze thousands of studies linking water-based passive body heating, or bathing and showering with warm/hot water, with improved sleep quality.

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Teacher treatment of students factors into racial gap in school suspensions

(Brown University) An analysis led by Brown sociologist Jayanti Owens found that different treatment of black and white students accounted for half of the racial gap in school suspensions and expulsions among 5- to 9-year-old children.

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2007, 2012, 2019: University of Excellence in Konstanz

(University of Konstanz) The University of Konstanz will also be funded as a University of Excellence within the context of the new German Excellence Strategy competition.

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Offering children a wide variety and large quantities of snack food encourages them to eat more

(Murdoch Childrens Research Institute) Offering children a wide variety and large quantities of snack food encourages them to eat more - and may contribute to weight problems, a new study has found.The research, led by the Murdoch Children's Research Institute and published in the latest International Journal of Obesity, also found that how snacks are presented (in a large or small container) has little influence on how much children snack.

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Predicting long-term risk of death from chest X-rays

(JAMA Network) Researchers in this study looked at whether a computing system that analyzed data from thousands of chest X-rays of smokers and nonsmokers and developed a risk score could predict long-term risk of death.

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Marijuana use among northern California women before, during pregnancy

(JAMA Network) An observational study of pregnant women in Northern California suggests marijuana use before and during pregnancy has increased over time. The study of nearly 277,000 women in Kaiser Permanente Northern California included 367,403 pregnancies from 2009 to 2017. The women reported marijuana use on questionnaires as part of standard prenatal care.

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Probiotic research paves way for microbe 'microbreweries' to benefit human health

(University of Virginia Health System) A young scientist's pioneering work with probiotics could lead to a new industry of "microbreweries" custom-blending microbes to battle disease and benefit human health.

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3q29 deletion survey: distinct social profile, high ASD risk

(Emory Health Sciences) 3q29 deletion syndrome is a strong risk factor for both schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. People with the rare condition have a distinct neuropsychiatric profile, researchers found.

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What do the red 'ornaments' of female macaques mean?

(CNRS) Scientists demonstrated that, contrary to what had been assumed for several years, colour variations among female macaques do not precisely indicate the time of ovulation. On the other hand, dominant female macaques, who usually have greater reproductive success, have darker hindquarters.

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Botox may relieve persistent pelvic pain caused by endometriosis

The wrinkle-smoothing treatment Botox may relieve pain from muscle spasms in the pelvic floor of women with endometriosis.

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Cigarette butts hamper plant growth -- study

(Anglia Ruskin University) Researchers have shown for the first time that cigarette butts reduce plant growth. Cigarette butts are the most common form of litter worldwide, with an estimated 4.5 trillion discarded annually.

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Understanding the molecular link between sex hormones and aging in skeletal muscles

(Bentham Science Publishers) The book, Sex Steroids and Apoptosis In Skeletal Muscle: Molecular Mechanisms, provides a new way to perceive the role of sex hormones in skeletal muscle physiology. The contributors highlight the importance that this role has during aging. In reality, aging has serious consequences on skeletal muscle.

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Hearing loss tied with mental, physical, and social ailments in older people

(University of Tsukuba) Hearing loss has a profound impact on older people, as it can lead to anxiety, restricted activity, and perhaps even cognitive decline and dementia. Research in Japan led by the University of Tsukuba examined associations of hearing loss with outdoor activity limitations, psychological distress, and memory loss in people aged 65 and over. All three conditions were significantly worse when there was hearing loss. The findings support early interventions such as use of hearing aids.

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Study shows relationship between type of delivery and twins' psychological development

(University of Malaga) A research team of the University of Malaga (UMA) in the area of Medicine and Psychology has analyzed for the first time the effect of the type of delivery on twins' psychological development and intelligence, demonstrating that cesarean section carries an independent risk in these multiple births.

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Study reveals unusually high carbon stocks and tree diversity in Panama's Darien forest

(Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute) Through a participatory forest-carbon monitoring project in the Darien forest of Panama, scientists and a team of trained indigenous technicians found that, even in disturbed areas, it maintained the same tree species richness and a disproportionately high capacity to sequester carbon.

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Longer gaps between births can halve infant deaths in developing nations

Leaving more time between successive pregnancies matters for infant survival, but only in less-developed countries.

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Lancet series, co-authored by NYU's Benzian, calls for 'radical reform' of oral healthcare

(New York University) A special Lancet Series on Oral Health, published today in The Lancet, presents an 'urgent need for radical reform' of oral healthcare to prioritize prevention and integrate dentistry into primary care. The series is comprised of two papers, both co-authored by Habib Benzian, D.D.S., MScD.P.H., Ph.D., the associate director of global health and policy for NYU College of Dentistry's World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Quality-improvement, Evidence-based Dentistry -- the only WHO Collaborating Center on oral health in the Americas.

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Carnegie Mellon research identifies new pathways for sensory learning in the brain

(Carnegie Mellon University) Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have developed an automated, robotic training device that allows mice to learn at their leisure. The technology stands to further neuroscience research by allowing researchers to train animals under more natural conditions and identify mechanisms of circuit rewiring that occur during learning.

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Greater prevalence of congenital heart defects in high intensity oil and gas areas

(University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus) Mothers living near more intense oil and gas development activity have a 40-70% higher chance of having children with congenital heart defects (CHDs) compared to those living in areas of less intense activity, according to a new study from researchers at the Colorado School of Public Health.

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Strong family relationships may help with asthma outcomes for children

(Northwestern University) Positive family relationships might help youth to maintain good asthma management behaviors even in the face of difficult neighborhood conditions, according to a new Northwestern University study.

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How big data algorithms shape opinions

(Springer) Human attention is in the highest demand it has ever been. We are now confronted with an ever increasing volume of information that is literally available at our fingertips. Using algorithms to filter information tailored to each individual user seems to offer a technological solution to a social and informational problem. Kris Shaffer's book, Data versus Democracy, investigates how human cognition, algorithmic recommendation systems and human psychology work together to reinforce and exaggerate human bias.

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Women report skipping scientific conferences because of child care

(Michigan Medicine - University of Michigan) Many women find themselves skipping scientific conferences because of family obligations, a new study finds. Women were less likely than men to attend scientific meetings, although both genders noted that conferences were important to career advancement.

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Sports participation gap exists between youth from lower-income and middle-income families

(RAND Corporation) Lower-income parents are less likely than their higher-income counterparts to involve their children in youth sports because of obstacles such as rising costs of these extracurricular activities, according to a new RAND Corporation study.

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What makes some people more receptive to the idea of being vaccinated against infectious disease?

(Elsevier) Fear, trust, and the likelihood of exposure are three leading factors that influence whether people are willing to be vaccinated against a virulent disease, according to a new study in the journal Heliyon, published by Elsevier.

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Study: Even in competitive markets, shareholders bear burden of corruption

(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau) While the US traditionally ranks low on worldwide corruption indices, domestic political corruption still imposes substantial costs on US shareholders, according to new research co-written by Gies College of Business accounting professor Nerissa Brown.

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Depressed by Facebook and the like

(Ruhr-University Bochum) Great holiday, fantastic party, adorable children, incredible food: everyone shows their life in the best light on social networks. Those who take a look around on such sites can find that their self-esteem takes a hit as it seems as though everyone is better than them. Users who use social networks passively, i.e. do not post themselves, and tend to compare themselves with others are in danger of developing depressive symptoms.

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The unpopular truth about biases toward people with disabilities

(Michigan State University) Needing to ride in a wheelchair can put the brakes on myriad opportunities -- some less obvious than one might think. New research from Michigan State University sheds light on the bias people have toward people with disabilities, known as 'ableism,' and how it shifts over time.

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Perot Museum of Nature and Science to debut Origins: Fossils from the Cradle of Humankind

(Perot Museum of Nature and Science) The Perot Museum of Nature and Science, in partnership with the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits University) and the National Geographic Society, proudly announces fossils of two recently discovered ancient human relatives (Australopithecus sediba and Homo naledi) will come to the US from South Africa this fall for the first, and likely only, time to be featured in the limited-run exhibition -- Origins: Fossils from the Cradle of Humankind.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2NXQhML

Perot Museum of Nature and Science to debut Origins: Fossils from the Cradle of Humankind

(Perot Museum of Nature and Science) The Perot Museum of Nature and Science, in partnership with the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits University) and the National Geographic Society, proudly announces fossils of two recently discovered ancient human relatives (Australopithecus sediba and Homo naledi) will come to the US from South Africa this fall for the first, and likely only, time to be featured in the limited-run exhibition -- Origins: Fossils from the Cradle of Humankind.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2NXQhML

Homo naledi and Australopithecus sediba to be exhibited in Perot Museum

(University of the Witwatersrand) The University of Witwatersrand (Wits University), the Perot Museum of Nature and Science in the US and the National Geographic Society have partnered to bring the rare fossils of two recently discovered ancient human relatives (Australopithecus sediba and Homo naledi) to the US for the first, and likely only, time to be featured in the limited-run exhibition.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2Y3qBm3

Homo naledi and Australopithecus sediba to be exhibited in Perot Museum

(University of the Witwatersrand) The University of Witwatersrand (Wits University), the Perot Museum of Nature and Science in the US and the National Geographic Society have partnered to bring the rare fossils of two recently discovered ancient human relatives (Australopithecus sediba and Homo naledi) to the US for the first, and likely only, time to be featured in the limited-run exhibition.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Y3qBm3

New e-skin innovation by NUS researchers gives robots and prosthetics an exceptional sense of touch

(National University of Singapore) NUS researchers have developed an ultra responsive and robust artificial nervous system for e-skins.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2XX2vFj

Group calls on international community to prevent dementia by preventing stroke

(University of Western Ontario) The risk factors for stroke and dementia are the same, and a growing body of evidence demonstrates that preventing stroke can also prevent some dementias. Now, a group of experts led by Western University Professor, Dr. Vladimir Hachinski and international collaborators Matthias Endres, Martin Dichgans and Zaven Khachaturian are calling on the global community to come together to take action on preventing dementia by preventing stroke. "The evidence for doing so is incontestable; the time to act is now," the authors write.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2GghW5o

Women now seen as equally as or more competent then men

(American Psychological Association) Women have come a long way in the United States over the last 70 years, to the point where they are now seen as being as competent as men, if not more so, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Z7ti3j

Women no longer regarded as less competent than men but still seen as less ambitious

(Northwestern University) Good news for women -- they are no longer regarded as less competent than men on average, according to a nationally representative study of gender stereotypes in the United States. Less positive, however, is that women's gains in perceived competence have not propelled them to the top of hierarchies.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2GjJWVI

Experiencing awe from science influences beliefs about God

(Arizona State University) Though many Americans perceive science and religion as incompatible, a study from the ASU Department of Psychology found how people engage with science can change how they think about God -- and even promote belief in God. People who associated science with logical thinking were more likely to report not believing in God or that God was unknowable. But when people were awed by science, they reported stronger belief in abstract views of God.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Y7XsG5

Body and mind need care in mental illness

(University of Queensland) The 18-year life expectancy gap between people with mental illness and the general population can only be bridged by protecting patients' physical and mental health, according to a new study.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Y0109k

50 years ago, lambs survived but didn’t thrive inside artificial wombs

Artificial wombs to support preemie babies are closer to reality.

from Latest Headlines | Science News https://ift.tt/2JF7dno

Over-claiming knowledge predicts anti-establishment voting

(Society for Personality and Social Psychology) People who think they know more than they actually do are more likely to vote against the establishment, shows new research out of the Netherlands.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JR9pqN

Emotion-detection applications built on outdated science, report warns

(Association for Psychological Science) Software that purportedly reads emotions in faces is being deployed or tested for a variety of purposes, including surveillance, hiring, clinical diagnosis, and market research. But a new scientific report finds that facial movements are an inexact gauge of a person's feelings, behaviors or intentions.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2XMu60F

Neighborhood environment and health

(University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing) It is well understood that urban black males are at a disproportionately high risk of poor health outcomes. But little is known about how the neighborhood environments where these men live contribute to their health.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2xP7JZf

Second sight study at Baylor College of Medicine

(Baylor College of Medicine) Baylor College of Medicine researchers, in collaboration with the University of California, Los Angeles and Second Sight Medical Products (Los Angeles, Calif.) are using a visual cortical prosthesis to help bring sight to the blind.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/30AjL4X

At-home support helps stroke patients adjust after hospital stay

(Michigan State University) MSU researchers have found that many stroke patients feel unprepared when discharged from the hospital. Their caregivers feel the same. But when a home-based support network using social work case managers and online resources is put into place, quality of life and confidence in managing one's health improve, according to a new study published in the American Heart Association's journal Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2M62mgH

How common is long-term opioid use after job injury?

(JAMA Network) This observational study included 46,000 injured workers in Tennessee who weren't taking opioids at the time of their injury and looked at how common long-term opioid use was and what factors were associated with it.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2O3bJ32

Prescription opioid misuse: What do medical marijuana laws have to do with it?

(Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health) Researchers at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health report almost no change in nonmedical prescription opioid use or opioid use disorder after states enacted medical marijuana laws. Overall, opioid use disorder among prescription opioid users decreased slightly after passage of the laws. Until this study, there had been little research on medical marijuana laws' effects on the use of other substances (i.e., alcohol, opioids) -- particularly, prescription opioid use misuse, and opioid use disorder.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/32zV8Y6

Japanese scientists embrace creepy-crawlies

(American Chemical Society) Firms in Japan are changing people's perceptions about common spiders, worms and insect larvae. These seemingly unwanted creatures have unique features that could be useful for many applications that benefit humans, according to an article in Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN), the weekly newsmagazine of the American Chemical Society.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JJRfXW

Nationwide study on teen 'sexting' has good news, bad news

(Florida Atlantic University) The good news is that adolescent sexting is not at epidemic levels as reported in some media headlines. The bad news is that it also has not decreased despite preventive efforts by educators and others, according to a much-needed update to what is currently known about the nature and extent of sexting among youth today.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/32xKNeT

New study reveals surprising gender disparity in work-life balance

(Tokyo University of Science) Work-life balance and its association with life satisfaction have been garnering a lot of interest. Life satisfaction plays a crucial role in the general happiness and health of a society or nation. A new study examines data from 34 Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and analyzes the effects of factors on the life satisfaction of both women and men to address some unanswered questions on this topic.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2XWBTnZ

Self-injuring young girls overestimate negative feedback in social media simulation

(Linköping University) Adolescent girls who self-injure feel that they receive more negative feedback than they actually receive, and are more sensitive to 'thumbs down' responses, compared to other adolescent girls. These are the findings presented by Irene Perini, researcher at Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience (CSAN) at Linköping University, in a recently published article.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Y2ANes

how the brain distinguishes between voice and sound

(Université de Genève) Is the brain capable of distinguishing a voice from phonemes? Researchers (UNIGE) devised pseudo-words spoken by three voices. Their aim? To observe how the brain processes this information when it focuses either on the voice or phonemes. The scientists discovered that the auditory cortex amplifies different aspects of the sounds, depending on what task is being performed. Voice-specific information is prioritised for voice differentiation, while phoneme-specific information is important for the differentiation of speech sounds.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2NZhuit

New study works with historically disenfranchised communities to combat sudden oak death

(American Phytopathological Society) Science often reflects the priorities of dominant industries and ignores the needs of disenfranchised communities, resulting in the perpetuation of historical injustices. One team of scientists in Northern California studying sudden oak death, which poses a threat to the longstanding cultural heritage of several indigenous tribes, sought to chip away at this cycle through a new collaboration with these communities.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/32ogqaO

A study analyzes the influence of political affinities in the processes of socialization

(Universidad Carlos III de Madrid) A study in which the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid participated (UC3M) has concluded that most people prefer not to have much to do with those who have political sympathies which are different from their own. Moreover, a substantial proportion of Spaniards are hostile towards those who do not have the same political preferences as them. The research appears in the latest issue of PLOS ONE.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2NZvHfe

Apathy: The forgotten symptom of dementia

(University of Exeter) Apathy is the most common neuropsychiatric symptom of dementia, with a bigger impact on function than memory loss -- yet it is under-researched and often forgotten in care.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/32qO3Jf

Planting trees could buy more time to fight climate change than thought

Earth has nearly a billion hectares suitable for new forests to start trapping carbon, a study finds.

from Latest Headlines | Science News https://ift.tt/2GdH5hi

Marijuana use may not make parents more 'chill'

(Ohio State University) Sorry, marijuana moms and dads: Using pot may not make you a more relaxed parent, at least when it comes to how you discipline your children. A study of California parents found that current marijuana users administered more discipline techniques of all kinds to their children on average than did non-users. That includes everything from timeouts to, in some cases, physical abuse.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2XONpBG

Older adults: Daunted by a new task? Learn 3 instead

(University of California - Riverside) Learning several new things at once increases cognitive abilities in older adults, according to new research from UC Riverside. After just 1.5 months learning multiple tasks in a UCR study, participants increased their cognitive abilities to levels similar to those of middle-aged adults, 30 years younger. Control group members, who did not take classes, showed no change in their performance.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2LTMSw1

Predators' fear of humans ripples through wildlife communities, emboldening rodents

(University of California - Santa Cruz) Giving credence to the saying, 'While the cat's away, the mice will play,' a new study indicates that pumas and medium-sized carnivores lie low when they sense the presence of humans, which frees up the landscape for rodents to forage more brazenly.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/32utVG6

Living longer or healthier? Genetic discovery in worms suggests they can be separated

(University of Pittsburgh) Gene identified in worms controls how resources are allocated for stress resilience, longevity and fertility.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2NZpoIn

This gene may help worms live longer, but not healthier

Anti-aging therapies may have trade-offs, research on worms suggests.

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Undocumented Latina immigrants face PTSD at four times the national rate, new study finds

(George Mason University) New research led by George Mason University's College of Health and Human Services found that undocumented Latina immigrants met the threshold for post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis at nearly four times (34%) the rate of civilian women in America as a whole (9.7%). Furthermore, researchers found that a longer length of residency in the United States did not reduce Latina immigrants' trauma symptoms.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2XJbvT6

Your spending data may reveal aspects of your personality

(Association for Psychological Science) How you spend your money can signal aspects of your personality, according to research published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. Analyses of over 2 million spending records from more than 2,000 individuals indicate that when people spend money in certain categories, this can be used to infer certain personality traits, such as how materialistic they are or how much self-control they tend to have.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2JKVWAI

Giving a chip about masa

(American Society of Agronomy) Scientists call for more research into food grade corn breeding, production

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2XNMyWP

Rewards incentivize people to stop smoking

(University of East Anglia) Financial incentives work to help people stop smoking and remain smoke free -- according to research led by the University of East Anglia (UEA). Evidence published today in the Cochrane Library provides strong evidence that financial incentives helped people to stop smoking, and stay stopped long term. The review also found that incentives helped pregnant women stop smoking.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2XUOUOE

Perinatal depression screenings may not detect women having suicidal thoughts, study finds

(University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau) Perinatal depression screenings may overlook a significant proportion of women who are having suicidal thoughts, according to a new study of 736 low-income women led by University of Illinois social work professor Karen M. Tabb.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2k4o9tw

Risk and progression of Alzheimer's disease differ by sex

(Vanderbilt University Medical Center) The abnormal accumulation of proteins in the brain is a biological marker for Alzheimer's disease, but the ways in which these proteins spread may help explain why the prevalence of Alzheimer's is higher in women than in men.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2lfWAxp

Risk of death before and after state-mandated protocols for sepsis care in New York

(JAMA Network) Hospital discharge data was used to examine the association between New York state sepsis regulations and the outcomes of patients hospitalized with sepsis.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2ke7Xpn

Does ICU flexible family visitation policy reduce delirium among patients?

(JAMA Network) A randomized clinical trial involving patients, family members and clinicians from 36 adult intensive care units in Brazil looked at whether flexible family visitation (up to 12 hours per day) plus family education on ICUs and delirium would reduce the occurrence of delirium compared to standard visitation of up to 4½ hours per day. The study included 1,685 patients.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2keikJM

First ever state sepsis regulation in US tied to lower death rates

(University of Pittsburgh) Death rates from sepsis fell faster in New York than expected -- and faster than in peer states -- following the introduction of the nation's first state-mandated sepsis regulation, according to an analysis. The finding is good news for the nearly dozen other states in varying stages of adopting similar policies to reduce deaths from sepsis, the leading cause of death in hospitalized patients.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2keikcK

Long live the long-limbed African chicken

(Washington University in St. Louis) For generations, household farmers in the Horn of Africa have selectively chosen chickens with certain traits that make them more appealing. Some choices are driven by the farmers' traditional courtship rituals; others are guided by more mundane concerns, such as taste and disease resistance. The result is the development of a genetically distinct African chicken -- one with longer, meatier legs, according to new research . But that 3,000-year-old local breed type is threatened by the introduction of commercial cluckers.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2lJ6Y10

Long live the long-limbed African chicken

(Washington University in St. Louis) For generations, household farmers in the Horn of Africa have selectively chosen chickens with certain traits that make them more appealing. Some choices are driven by the farmers' traditional courtship rituals; others are guided by more mundane concerns, such as taste and disease resistance. The result is the development of a genetically distinct African chicken -- one with longer, meatier legs, according to new research . But that 3,000-year-old local breed type is threatened by the introduction of commercial cluckers.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2lJ6Y10

Poor sleep quality and fatigue plague women with premature ovarian insufficiency

(The North American Menopause Society (NAMS)) Sleep disturbances are a frequent complaint of women in the menopause transition and postmenopause. A new study demonstrates that women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) who are receiving hormone therapy have poorer sleep quality and greater fatigue than women of the same age with preserved ovarian function. Study results are published online in Menopause, the journal of The North American Menopause Society (NAMS).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2jHKyfX

Why two out of three babies are cradled on the left

(Ruhr-University Bochum) Over two thirds of all people prefer to carry a baby in their left arm. The figure is as high as three quarters for women, and the same also applies to right-handed people. This is the result of an analysis of 40 studies from the past 60 years carried out by a team from the Department of Biopsychology at Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2lwfX5n

Birds of a feather flock together to keep their options open, say scientists

(University of Warwick) Why did you choose your job? Or where you live? Scientists at the University of Warwick have discovered that it was probably to keep your options as open as possible - and the more we co-operate together, the more opportunities are available to us.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2lwfW1j

Night-shining ‘noctilucent’ clouds have crept south this summer

Clouds high in the atmosphere that catch the sun’s rays even after sundown may be seen farther from the poles due to an increase in moisture in the air.

from Latest Headlines | Science News https://ift.tt/2k2Zndj

Slug, a stem cell regulator, keeps breast cells healthy by promoting repair of DNA damage

(Tufts University, Health Sciences Campus) A new biomedical research study finds a transcription factor called Slug contributes to breast cell fitness by promoting efficient repair of DNA damage. The absence of Slug leads to unresolved DNA damage and accelerated aging of breast cells.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2kcUmP5

Study finds transgender, non-binary autism link

(Anglia Ruskin University) New research indicates that transgender and non-binary individuals are significantly more likely to have autism or display autistic traits than the wider population -- a finding that has important implications for gender confirmation treatments.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2kabuVG

VR lullaby machine shown to induce tranquil pre-sleep states

(RMIT University) Art meets technology for this immersive VR experience that can ease you into the right frame of mind for sleep.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2lcWlD9

Keck School of Medicine promotes patient diversity in cardiac surgery clinical trials

(University of Southern California - Health Sciences) A $4.5 million grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) will support Keck School of Medicine of USC efforts to recruit patients from underrepresented populations into cardiac surgery clinical trials.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2kabtkA

State capacity: How it is measured and compared

(National Research University Higher School of Economics) 'State capacity' refers to a state's ability to make and effectively implement decisions in domestic and foreign policy. In a study, HSE University political scientists evaluated the state capacity of 142 countries. Based on their findings, the researchers created and trialed a state capacity index, identified eight models of state capacity, and compiled a general international ranking.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2lJ0SxD

A new tool for data scientists and biologists and more

(University of Southern California) A new computational tool developed in the lab of USC Viterbi School Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering professor Paul Bodgan in collaboration with Ming Hsieh professor Edmond Jonckheere, is able to quickly identify the hidden affiliations and interrelationships among groups/items/persons with greater accuracy than existing tools.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2lISs9u

New Zealanders involved in global study showing genetic predisposition for anorexia

(University of Otago) University of Otago, Christchurch researchers played a key role in new global research showing the causes of the eating disorder anorexia are likely metabolic as well as psychological.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2lHXgvQ

Dementia and transitional care: Gaps in research and practice

(Vanderbilt University Medical Center) In a new study published in the Journal of Gerontological Nursing, Prusaczyk and colleagues showed that older patients with dementia at one major teaching hospital were less often provided with transitional care steps including patient education, discharge planning, and documentation of medication history, as compared to patients without dementia.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2jI9rrJ

Gaps in gas disks around stars may not always mark newborn planets

New research has prompted a rethink of the theory that gaps in planet-forming disks around young stars mark spaces where planets are being created.

from Latest Headlines | Science News https://ift.tt/2kbpiiG

Accolades, skepticism and science marked Science News’ coverage of Apollo

Science News’ coverage of the Apollo program stayed focused on the science but also framed the moon missions in the broader social and political context of the era.

from Latest Headlines | Science News https://ift.tt/2k7X7Be

Are fertility apps useful?

(Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) Researchers at EPFL and Stanford have carried out an analysis of the largest datasets from fertility awareness apps. Analyzing data from 200,000 users of the apps Sympto and Kindara, they have been able to make population-level observations regarding user demographics, tracking behavior patterns and accuracy in measuring menstrual health and ovulation.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2NWWBnM

Rutgers collaborates with WHO to more accurately describe mental health disorders

(Rutgers University) A Rutgers University researcher collaborated with the World Health Organization on the first study to seek input from people with common mental health issues on how their disorders are described in diagnostic guidelines.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2k5jreT

Diplomatic niceties and politeness of politicians

(Anglia Ruskin University) A conference looking at the rise of impoliteness, including the language used by politicians and diplomats, will take place in Cambridge this week.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2jYYzpC

The rush to air conditioning in Europe pushed by urbanization and climate change

(Università Ca' Foscari Venezia) A new study published in Environmental Science and Policy shows that without adequate and focused policies, many households will rely on air conditioners to adapt to climate change, thus generating even more greenhouse gas emissions.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2k2phgZ

Science of microdosing psychedelics remains patchy and anecdotal, say researchers

(Imperial College London) The practice of taking small, regular doses of psychedelic drugs to enhance mood, creativity, or productivity lacks robust scientific evidence, say scientists.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Y5gywH

Super volcanic eruptions interrupt ozone recovery

(Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) Strong volcanic eruptions, especially when a super volcano erupts, will have a strong impact on ozone, and might interrupt the ozone recovery processes.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2xYPoJn

Persistent HIV DNA in spinal fluid may be associated with cognitive challenges

(University of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences) HIV DNA remained in the cerebrospinal fluid of half of participants with well-managed HIV (virologic suppression in the plasma), confirming that the central nervous system (CNS) is a major reservoir for latent HIV. Individuals who harbored HIV DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid were more likely than other study participants to experience cognitive deficits on neurocognitive testing.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2LX8wPV

Environment, not evolution, might underlie some human-ape differences

(University of Portsmouth) Apes' abilities have been unfairly measured, throwing into doubt the assumed belief that human infants are superior to adult chimpanzees, according to a new study by leaders in the field of ape cognition.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2jZMT5S

'Racist police officer' stereotype may become a self-fulfilling prophecy

(American Psychological Association) Belief in the 'racist police officer' stereotype may become a self-fulfilling prophecy for law enforcement officers and lead to increased support for forceful or threatening policing tactics, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2lw2Pxi

Wearing hearing aid may help protect brain in later life

(University of Exeter) A new study has concluded that people who wear a hearing aid for age-related hearing problems maintain better brain function over time than those who do not.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2XLMnLG

Novel app designed to help patients avoid drugs linked to dementia

(Indiana University School of Medicine) A team of researchers from IU School of Medicine, Regenstrief Institute and Purdue University is testing a new app, called Brain Safe, designed to help people reduce their exposure to drugs linked to Alzheimer's disease.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2k2kyMe

Ancient Roman port history unveiled

(La Trobe University) A team of international researchers led by La Trobe University and the University of Melbourne have, for the first time worldwide, applied marine geology techniques at an ancient harbour archaeological site to uncover ancient harbour technologies of the first centuries AD.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/2NX67Y9

Spraying bats with ‘good’ bacteria may combat deadly white nose syndrome

Nearly half of bats infected with white nose syndrome survived through winter after being spritzed with antifungal bacteria, a small study finds.

from Latest Headlines | Science News https://ift.tt/2LU9zjO

New e-cigarette laws could drive some users to smoke more cigarettes

(Duke University Medical Center) Efforts by the FDA and some cities to limit the availability and appeal of e-cigarettes to young users could drive some existing users to smoke more tobacco cigarettes to get their fix, according to new research from Duke Health, scheduled to be published July 15, 2019 in the journal Substance Use & Misuse.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2NVLOKM

Fossil of smallest old world monkey species discovered in Kenya

(University of Arkansas) Researchers from the National Museums of Kenya, University of Arkansas, University of Missouri and Duke University have announced the discovery of a tiny monkey that lived in Kenya 4.2 million years ago.

from EurekAlert! - Archaeology https://ift.tt/32uzODe

How NASA has kept Apollo moon rocks safe from contamination for 50 years

NASA wouldn’t let our reporter touch the Apollo moon rocks. Here’s why that’s a good thing.

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Apollo astronauts left trash, mementos and experiments on the moon

Here’s what planetary scientists are learning from the remains of Apollo outposts, and how archeologists hope to preserve it.

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Scientists explore blood flow bump that happens when our neurons are significantly activated

(Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University) When a group of our neurons get activated by thinking hard about a math problem or the vibrant colors of an exotic flower, within a single second blood flow to those brain cells increases a bit.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2XMrzyR

Early and ongoing experiences of weight stigma linked to self-directed weight shaming

(University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine) In a new study published today in Obesity Science and Practice, researchers at Penn Medicine and the University of Connecticut Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity surveyed more than 18,000 adults enrolled in the commercial weight management program WW International, and found that participants who internalized weight bias the most tended to be younger, female, have a higher body mass index (BMI), and have an earlier onset of their weight struggle

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Lky4XJ

Cancer tissue-freezing approach may help more breast cancer patients in lower income countries

(Johns Hopkins University) A new reusable device created by the Johns Hopkins University can help women with breast cancer in lower income countries by using carbon dioxide, a widely available and affordable gas, to power a cancer tissue-freezing probe instead of industry-standard argon.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2XRHqMm

Surgery before pregnancy linked to higher risk of opioid withdrawal in babies

(University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM) ) Babies whose mothers underwent surgery before pregnancy have an increased risk of opioid withdrawal symptoms at birth, according to a new study done by Dr. Nathalie Auger, researcher at the University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), and published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2jVLf5o

Sudden cardiac arrest in athletes: Prevention and management

(Joule Inc.) It's marathon season, and every so often a news report will focus on an athlete who has collapsed from sudden cardiac arrest. Although uncommon, these events get attention. A new review in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal) looks at recent evidence to help physicians prevent and manage the risk of sudden cardiac arrest in competitive athletes.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2XR3RBg

Surgery before pregnancy linked to increased risk of opioid withdrawal in babies

(Joule Inc.) Babies whose mothers underwent surgery before pregnancy had an increased risk of opioid withdrawal symptoms at birth, found a new study in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2jTJhCv

Strict state laws and universal background checks linked to lower pediatric firearm-related deaths

(Children's National Health System) States with stricter firearms laws had lower firearm-related deaths among children and adolescents, finds research led by faculty at Children's National in Washington, D.C. Furthermore, state laws that had been in place for more than five years requiring universal background checks for firearm purchases were associated with a 35% lower firearm-related death rate among children.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2Y5JnsP

Strange new species of duck-billed dinosaur identified

(Taylor & Francis Group) The most complete skull of a duck-billed dinosaur from Big Bend National Park, Texas, is revealed in the Journal of Systematic Palaeontology as a new genus and species, Aquilarhinus palimentus. This dinosaur has been named for its aquiline nose and wide lower jaw, shaped like two trowels laid side by side.

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Study examines association of cognitive reserve accumulated over lifetime with dementia risk

(JAMA Network) This study of 1,600 older adults free of dementia at baseline examined whether accumulation over a lifetime of cognitive and social activities was associated with a slower rate of memory loss and a reduced risk of dementia, taking into account brain pathologies.

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Is healthy lifestyle associated with lower risk of dementia regardless of genetic risk?

(JAMA Network) This observational study looked at whether a healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of dementia regardless of genetic risk. Genetic factors are associated with increased risk of dementia but to what extent these might be offset by lifestyle factors is unknown. Genetic information from the UK Biobank was available for the 196,383 adults in this study who were of European ancestry, at least 60 years old and without dementia at the study baseline.

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Healthy lifestyle may offset genetic risk of dementia

(University of Exeter) Living a healthy lifestyle may help offset a person's genetic risk of dementia, according to new research.

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Celebrate the moon landing anniversary with books that go beyond the small step

New books about Apollo 11 and the mission to the moon offer something for everyone, from astronomy lovers to fans of graphic novels and self-improvement buffs.

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Over-conditioning kills: Non-traumatic fatalities in football is preventable

(American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine) Most non-traumatic fatalities among high school and college football athletes do not occur while playing the game of football, but rather during conditioning sessions which are often associated with overexertion or punishment drills required by coaches and team staff, according to research presented today at the American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine Annual Meeting. The research was presented by Dr. Barry P. Boden of The Orthopaedic Center, Rockville, Md.

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Fewer than half of US adults exposed to court-ordered anti-smoking advertisements

(University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center) The tobacco industry's court-ordered anti-smoking advertisements reached just 40.6% of US adults and 50.5% of current smokers in 2018, according to new research from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Exposure to the advertisements was even lower among certain ethnic and socioeconomic subgroups historically targeted by tobacco industry marketing.

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Preterm babies are less likely to form romantic relationships in adulthood

(University of Warwick) Adults who were born preterm (under 37 weeks gestation) are less likely to have a romantic relationship, a sexual partner and experience parenthood than those born full term. The meta-analysis by researchers at the University of Warwick with data from up to 4.4 million adult participants showed that those born preterm are 28% less likely to ever be in a romantic relationship.

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Examining cognitive, motor development of children exposed prenatally to opioids

(JAMA Network) Called a systematic review and meta-analysis, this study combined the results of 26 studies to examine the cognitive and motor development of infants and children exposed to opioids prenatally.

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Europe: syphilis notifications up by 70% since 2010

(European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) ) The number of syphilis cases has been consistently going up across Europe since 2010, mostly affecting men who have sex with men living in urban areas. In 2017, notification rates reached an all-time high in the EU/EEA countries with more than 33 000 reported cases. An in-depth ECDC study describes the factors behind this increase and outlines the evidence-based options for public health control of syphilis, including case finding and management as well as educational activities.

from EurekAlert! - Social and Behavioral Science https://ift.tt/2LjAgP8

Media registration open for Advanced Breast Cancer Fifth International Consensus Conference (ABC5)

(European School of Oncology) Media can register now to attend the Advanced Breast Cancer Fifth International Consensus Conference (ABC5) in Lisbon, Portugal, Thursday 14 to Saturday 16 November 2019. Registration for bona fide journalists is free.

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Duke-NUS researchers link ageing with changes in brain networks related to cognition

(Duke-NUS Medical School) As people age, the way different areas of their brain communicate with one another change, affecting thought processes and attention span.

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The high cost of perfectionism

(Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology) Professors from University of Houston-Clear Lake, University of South Florida Sarasota-Manatee, and University of Houston research how feeling like a fake at work can lead to problems at home. They explored imposter phenomenon and how it's related to family and home satisfaction. They found employees experiencing imposter phenomenon are more likely to have conflict with work and family roles because they're emotionally exhausted, and tend to be less satisfied with family life because of it.

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